"Betrayal" or tactics? The Allegation of Cemal Pasha's Syrian Kingship

Gülsüm Polat

Makale detayları

"Betrayal" or tactics? The Allegation of Cemal Pasha's Syrian Kingship

Yazarlar:

Gülsüm Polat

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer) | Çağdaş Orta Doğu Tarihi | Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 1, pp.207-230

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001297982

pISSN:

0257-4152

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Some of the allegations made by the Allies about Ahmed Cemal Pasha, one of the most influential figures of the Committee of Union and Progress, who was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the 4th Army and governor general of the Syrian District during the First World War, constitute a remarkable series among the British correspondence. Communication between Cemal Pasha, one of the most important figures of the Committee of Union and Progress and Minister of the Navy on the eve of the war, and the British ambassador, Contains noteworthy claims about Cemal Pasha. The British suspicious of Cemal Pasha, soon after the meetings between the British Ambassador Louis Mallet who was in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empires neutrality period and Cemal Pasha were transmitted to London. This doubtperception was discussed in various forms in correspondence until the end of 1915. Of course, after Cemal Pasha was appointed as the 4th Army Commander and the Governor-General of Syria and Arabia, the activities he engaged in or carried out in the military-political field were influential in different ways in the emergence of these allegations. The activities of the construction of cities, education, and establishment of health institutions appeared to be more than the initiatives of a governor. To this end, focuses on the purposes these allegations that emerged under the conditions of the period along with looking at the reasons of the claims. This study will scrutinize the question of whether there was authentic intelligence information about Cemal Pasha, or whether the information and perceptions of the British intelligence units about the past were effective on the basis of the allegations about Cemal Pasha that he planned a revolt against the government while on duty. In this context, starting from the eve of the First World War, the position and role of Cemal Pasha in the Ottoman- England-oriented developments will be emphasized, followed by an examination of the speculations about him during his duty as the 4th Army commander as reflected in the British sources. This paper offers a new critique of Cemal Pashas claims to the Kingdom of Syria, whose practices, especially during World War I, have been dealt with in different ways in different studies. The main sources of the study will be Turkish and English archival documents, memoirs, press copies and other sources.

 Some of the allegations made by the Allies about Ahmed Cemal Pasha, one of the most influential figures of the Committee of Union and Progress, who was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the 4th Army and governor general of the Syrian District during the First World War, constitute a remarkable series among the British correspondence. Communication between Cemal Pasha, one of the most important figures of the Committee of Union and Progress and Minister of the Navy on the eve of the war, and the British ambassador, Contains noteworthy claims about Cemal Pasha. The British suspicious of Cemal Pasha, soon after the meetings between the British Ambassador Louis Mallet who was in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empires neutrality period and Cemal Pasha were transmitted to London. This doubtperception was discussed in various forms in correspondence until the end of 1915. Of course, after Cemal Pasha was appointed as the 4th Army Commander and the Governor-General of Syria and Arabia, the activities he engaged in or carried out in the military-political field were influential in different ways in the emergence of these allegations. The activities of the construction of cities, education, and establishment of health institutions appeared to be more than the initiatives of a governor. To this end, focuses on the purposes these allegations that emerged under the conditions of the period along with looking at the reasons of the claims. This study will scrutinize the question of whether there was authentic intelligence information about Cemal Pasha, or whether the information and perceptions of the British intelligence units about the past were effective on the basis of the allegations about Cemal Pasha that he planned a revolt against the government while on duty. In this context, starting from the eve of the First World War, the position and role of Cemal Pasha in the Ottoman- England-oriented developments will be emphasized, followed by an examination of the speculations about him during his duty as the 4th Army commander as reflected in the British sources. This paper offers a new critique of Cemal Pashas claims to the Kingdom of Syria, whose practices, especially during World War I, have been dealt with in different ways in different studies. The main sources of the study will be Turkish and English archival documents, memoirs, press copies and other sources.

 Some of the allegations made by the Allies about Ahmed Cemal Pasha, one of the most influential figures of the Committee of Union and Progress, who was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the 4th Army and governor general of the Syrian District during the First World War, constitute a remarkable series among the British correspondence. Communication between Cemal Pasha, one of the most important figures of the Committee of Union and Progress and Minister of the Navy on the eve of the war, and the British ambassador, Contains noteworthy claims about Cemal Pasha. The British suspicious of Cemal Pasha, soon after the meetings between the British Ambassador Louis Mallet who was in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empires neutrality period and Cemal Pasha were transmitted to London. This doubtperception was discussed in various forms in correspondence until the end of 1915. Of course, after Cemal Pasha was appointed as the 4th Army Commander and the Governor-General of Syria and Arabia, the activities he engaged in or carried out in the military-political field were influential in different ways in the emergence of these allegations. The activities of the construction of cities, education, and establishment of health institutions appeared to be more than the initiatives of a governor. To this end, focuses on the purposes these allegations that emerged under the conditions of the period along with looking at the reasons of the claims. This study will scrutinize the question of whether there was authentic intelligence information about Cemal Pasha, or whether the information and perceptions of the British intelligence units about the past were effective on the basis of the allegations about Cemal Pasha that he planned a revolt against the government while on duty. In this context, starting from the eve of the First World War, the position and role of Cemal Pasha in the Ottoman- England-oriented developments will be emphasized, followed by an examination of the speculations about him during his duty as the 4th Army commander as reflected in the British sources. This paper offers a new critique of Cemal Pashas claims to the Kingdom of Syria, whose practices, especially during World War I, have been dealt with in different ways in different studies. The main sources of the study will be Turkish and English archival documents, memoirs, press copies and other sources.

 Öz Birinci Dünya Savaşı başlarında IV. Ordu Komutanı ve Suriye genel valisi olarak görevlendirilen İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyetinin en etkili isimlerinden Ahmed Cemal Paşa hakkında İtilaf devletleri tarafından ortaya atılan bazı iddialar özellikle İngiliz belgeleri arasında dikkat çeken bir seriyi oluşturmaktadır. İttihat ve Terakkinin en önemli liderlerinden birisi olan ve savaş arifesinde Bahriye Nazırı olarak görev yapan Cemal Paşanın İngiliz elçisi ile kurduğu iletişimden başlayarak, üzerinde durulan konular Cemal Paşa hakkında ilginç iddiaları barındırmaktadır. Osmanlı Devletinin tarafsız olduğu günlerde İstanbulda bulunan İngiliz Elçisi L. Mallet ile Cemal Paşa arasında gerçekleşen görüşmelerin Londraya iletilmesi İngilizlerin Cemal Paşa hakkında geliştirecekleri kuşkunun başlangıcını oluşturmuştur. Bu kuşkualgı 1915 sonuna kadar yazışmalarda çeşitli biçimlerde ele alınmıştır. Elbette bu iddiaların ortaya çıkmasında Cemal Paşanın IV. Ordu Kumandanı ve Suriye ve Arabistan Genel valisi olarak görevlendirilmesinden sonra askeri-siyasi alanda giriştiği yahut gerçekleştirdiği faaliyetler farklı biçimlerde etkili olmuştur. Şehirlerin imarı, eğitim, sağlık kurumları tesis edilmesi faaliyetleri bir valinin girişimlerinden fazlası olduğu imajını beslemiştir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada söz konusu iddiaların sebepleri üzerinde durulurken dönemin şartlarında hangi amaçlarla ortaya atılmışçıkmış olabilecekleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Cemal Paşa hakkında bu görevi sırasında ortaya çıkan Hükümete karşı bir isyan planladığı yönünde iddiaların temelinde Cemal Paşa ile ilgili sahih istihbar bilgiler mi vardı yoksa daha çok İngiliz istihbarat birimlerinin geçmişe yönelik bilgi ve algıları mı etkiliydi sorusu üzerinde odaklanılacaktır. Bu bağlamda I. Dünya Savaşı arifesinden başlayarak Osmanlı Devleti-İngiltere eksenli gelişmelerde Cemal Paşanın yeri ve rolü üzerinde durulacak ve arkasından IV. Ordu kumandanlığı görevi esnasında hakkında yapılan spekülasyonlar İngiliz kaynaklarına yansıdığı şekliyle irdelenecektir. Özellikle I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarındaki uygulamaları farklı çalışmalarda değişik biçimlerde ele alınmış olan Cemal Paşanın İngiliz kaynaklarındaki iddialar bağlamında yeni bir kritiği yapılacaktır. Çalışmanın ana kaynaklarını Türk ve İngiliz arşiv belgeleri, hatıratlar, basın nüshaları ve diğer kaynaklar oluşturacaktır.

Makale detayları

"Betrayal" or tactics? The Allegation of Cemal Pasha's Syrian Kingship

Yazarlar:

Gülsüm Polat

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer) | Çağdaş Orta Doğu Tarihi | Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 1, pp.207-230

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001297982

pISSN:

0257-4152

Committee of Union and Progress

Cemal Pasha

Ottoman Empire

Syria.İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti

Cemal Paşa

Osmanlı Devleti

Suriye.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Gülsüm Polat

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer) | Çağdaş Orta Doğu Tarihi | Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 1, pp.207-230

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001297982

pISSN: 0257-4152

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Gülsüm Polat

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer) | Çağdaş Orta Doğu Tarihi | Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 1, pp.207-230

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001297982

pISSN:

0257-4152