Finite Element Analysis of Notch Impact Test in Structural Steel and Copper Alloys

Sümeyye Erdem Korkmaz; Esma Gavgalı

Makale detayları

Finite Element Analysis of Notch Impact Test in Structural Steel and Copper Alloys

Yazarlar:

Sümeyye Erdem Korkmaz | Esma Gavgalı

Yayıncı:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.331-348

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356337

pISSN:

2667-7989

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study investigates the notch impact behavior of structural steel and copper alloys using advanced numerical simulation based on the finite element method FEM. Charpy V-notch specimens conforming precisely to ASTM E23 standards L55 mm, W10 mm, B10 mm; notch depth2 mm, root radius0.25 mm were accurately modeled in SolidWorks and subjected to explicit dynamic analyses within the ANSYS environment using a refined mesh comprising 19,088 elements and 22,484 nodes. Nonlinear material behavior was incorporated using bilinear isotropic hardening combined with strain-rate sensitivity modeled through the Cowper-Symonds relationship C40.4 s¹ for steel and 1169 s¹ for copper alloys. Realistic impact velocities of 5.42 ms 300 J and 3.83 ms 150 J were calculated based on energy conservation principles, and frictional contact interactions μ0.2 were rigorously defined. Results indicate pronounced stress concentrations localized around the notch region, where peak von Mises stresses were recorded as 6438.8 MPa in structural steel and 839.61 MPa in copper alloy, significantly surpassing their respective dynamic yield strengths 485 MPa for steel, 252 MPa for copper alloy. These stress levels corresponded to notably low dynamic safety factors of approximately 0.075 for structural steel and 0.300 for copper alloy, suggesting imminent fracture initiation under impact loading. Furthermore, structural steel specimens exhibited greater maximum plastic deformation 34 mm compared to copper alloys 32 mm, highlighting steels superior impact toughness and energy absorption capabilities 287 J vs. 142 J. Validation against previously reported experimental data demonstrated excellent agreement, with discrepancies limited to 4.4 for structural steel and 5.2 for copper alloy. This comprehensive numerical investigation emphasizes the efficacy of finite element-based approaches for accurately capturing dynamic fracture mechanisms, transient stress waves, and deformation behaviors, providing crucial insights for optimizing material selection and enhancing structural safety against impact loading.

 This study investigates the notch impact behavior of structural steel and copper alloys using advanced numerical simulation based on the finite element method FEM. Charpy V-notch specimens conforming precisely to ASTM E23 standards L55 mm, W10 mm, B10 mm; notch depth2 mm, root radius0.25 mm were accurately modeled in SolidWorks and subjected to explicit dynamic analyses within the ANSYS environment using a refined mesh comprising 19,088 elements and 22,484 nodes. Nonlinear material behavior was incorporated using bilinear isotropic hardening combined with strain-rate sensitivity modeled through the Cowper-Symonds relationship C40.4 s¹ for steel and 1169 s¹ for copper alloys. Realistic impact velocities of 5.42 ms 300 J and 3.83 ms 150 J were calculated based on energy conservation principles, and frictional contact interactions μ0.2 were rigorously defined. Results indicate pronounced stress concentrations localized around the notch region, where peak von Mises stresses were recorded as 6438.8 MPa in structural steel and 839.61 MPa in copper alloy, significantly surpassing their respective dynamic yield strengths 485 MPa for steel, 252 MPa for copper alloy. These stress levels corresponded to notably low dynamic safety factors of approximately 0.075 for structural steel and 0.300 for copper alloy, suggesting imminent fracture initiation under impact loading. Furthermore, structural steel specimens exhibited greater maximum plastic deformation 34 mm compared to copper alloys 32 mm, highlighting steels superior impact toughness and energy absorption capabilities 287 J vs. 142 J. Validation against previously reported experimental data demonstrated excellent agreement, with discrepancies limited to 4.4 for structural steel and 5.2 for copper alloy. This comprehensive numerical investigation emphasizes the efficacy of finite element-based approaches for accurately capturing dynamic fracture mechanisms, transient stress waves, and deformation behaviors, providing crucial insights for optimizing material selection and enhancing structural safety against impact loading.

 This study investigates the notch impact behavior of structural steel and copper alloys using advanced numerical simulation based on the finite element method FEM. Charpy V-notch specimens conforming precisely to ASTM E23 standards L55 mm, W10 mm, B10 mm; notch depth2 mm, root radius0.25 mm were accurately modeled in SolidWorks and subjected to explicit dynamic analyses within the ANSYS environment using a refined mesh comprising 19,088 elements and 22,484 nodes. Nonlinear material behavior was incorporated using bilinear isotropic hardening combined with strain-rate sensitivity modeled through the Cowper-Symonds relationship C40.4 s¹ for steel and 1169 s¹ for copper alloys. Realistic impact velocities of 5.42 ms 300 J and 3.83 ms 150 J were calculated based on energy conservation principles, and frictional contact interactions μ0.2 were rigorously defined. Results indicate pronounced stress concentrations localized around the notch region, where peak von Mises stresses were recorded as 6438.8 MPa in structural steel and 839.61 MPa in copper alloy, significantly surpassing their respective dynamic yield strengths 485 MPa for steel, 252 MPa for copper alloy. These stress levels corresponded to notably low dynamic safety factors of approximately 0.075 for structural steel and 0.300 for copper alloy, suggesting imminent fracture initiation under impact loading. Furthermore, structural steel specimens exhibited greater maximum plastic deformation 34 mm compared to copper alloys 32 mm, highlighting steels superior impact toughness and energy absorption capabilities 287 J vs. 142 J. Validation against previously reported experimental data demonstrated excellent agreement, with discrepancies limited to 4.4 for structural steel and 5.2 for copper alloy. This comprehensive numerical investigation emphasizes the efficacy of finite element-based approaches for accurately capturing dynamic fracture mechanisms, transient stress waves, and deformation behaviors, providing crucial insights for optimizing material selection and enhancing structural safety against impact loading.

 Bu çalışmada, yapısal çelik ve bakır alaşımlarının çentik darbe davranışları, gelişmiş sayısal yöntemlerle detaylı biçimde incelenmiştir. ASTM E23 standardına göre boyutlandırılan Charpy V-çentikli numunelerin uzunluk55 mm, genişlik10 mm, kalınlık10 mm; çentik derinliği2 mm, kök yarıçapı0,25 mm üç boyutlu katı modelleri SolidWorks yazılımında oluşturulmuş ve ANSYS programında 19.088 eleman ve 22.484 düğümden oluşan yüksek hassasiyetli bir sonlu eleman modeliyle analiz edilmiştir. Malzemelerin doğrusal olmayan davranışı, gerinim hızının etkilerini de kapsayan Cowper-Symonds modeli çelikte C40,4 s¹, bakır alaşımında C1169 s¹ ile bilineer izotropik pekleşme kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. Darbe hızları, enerji korunumu ilkesine göre hesaplanmış 300 J için 5,42 ms, 150 J için 3,83 ms ve sürtünmeli temas koşulları μ0,2 gerçekçi biçimde tanımlanarak simülasyonlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler, maksimum gerilmelerin çentik bölgesinde yoğunlaştığını, yapısal çelikte 6438,8 MPa, bakır alaşımında ise 839,61 MPaya ulaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu değerler, her iki malzemenin de dinamik akma dayanımlarını çelik için 485 MPa, bakır alaşımı için 252 MPa önemli ölçüde aşarak, sırasıyla 0,075 ve 0,300 gibi oldukça düşük dinamik emniyet katsayılarına sebep olmuştur. Kırılma anında oluşan maksimum plastik deformasyon, yapısal çelikte 34 mm, bakır alaşımında ise 32 mm olarak belirlenmiş olup, çeliğin darbe yüklemesi altında daha üstün enerji emme kapasitesine sahip olduğu 287 J çelik, 142 J bakır alaşımı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar literatürdeki deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılmış ve yapısal çelikte 4,4, bakır alaşımında ise 5,2lik düşük hata oranlarıyla doğrulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, çentik darbe etkisi altında dinamik kırılma mekanizmalarının, gerilme dalga yayılımının ve deformasyon davranışlarının doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilmesinde sonlu elemanlar yönteminin etkinliğini vurgulamakta, malzeme seçiminde ve yapı güvenliğinin artırılmasında kritik öneme sahip detaylı bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

Finite Element Analysis of Notch Impact Test in Structural Steel and Copper Alloys

Yazarlar:

Sümeyye Erdem Korkmaz | Esma Gavgalı

Yayıncı:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.331-348

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356337

pISSN:

2667-7989

Copper alloy

Finite element method

Notch Impact Test

Structural SteelBakır alaşımı

Çentik darbe testi

Sonlu elemanlar yöntemi

Yapısal çelik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Sümeyye Erdem Korkmaz | Esma Gavgalı

Yayıncı: Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar: Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.331-348

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001356337

pISSN: 2667-7989

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Sümeyye Erdem Korkmaz | Esma Gavgalı

Yayıncı:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.331-348

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356337

pISSN:

2667-7989