Different Interpretations of Turkish Nationalism in the Transition to Multi-Party Life: People’s Houses and Turkish Hearths

Yunus Emre Akbulut

Makale detayları

Different Interpretations of Turkish Nationalism in the Transition to Multi-Party Life: People’s Houses and Turkish Hearths

Yazarlar:

Yunus Emre Akbulut

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Atatürk Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319654

pISSN:

3062-0929

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Turkish nationalism is the main ideology in the transition process from the multinational Ottoman Empire to the nation-state Republic of Turkey. Turkish Hearths, founded in 1912 and closed in 1931, is an organization that shaped the idea of Turkish nationalism. Turkish Hearths operated in harmony with the CHP government until the 1930s but were closed in 1931 due to the political developments experienced in the attempt to transition to multi-party life in 1930. The gap created after the closure of the Turkish Hearths tried to be filled with Peoples Houses directly affiliated with the CHP and established to impose the ideology of the new era on the society. The establishment of Peoples Houses after the Turkish Hearths caused the two organizations to be seen as the continuation of each other. After the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey in 1945, the structure and thoughts of the Peoples Houses began to be questioned. Thus, in 1949, Turkish Hearths reactivated with the claim of a different understanding of nationalism than the understanding of Turkish nationalism of the Peoples Houses. In the bipolar world of the Cold War period, religion, spirituality, and sacredness were integrated into the nationalism adopted by the Turkish Hearths to prevent harmful ideas and ensure national unity. This study aims to understand two different forms of Turkish nationalism in the transition to multi-party political life by focusing on Peoples Houses and Turkish Hearths.

 Turkish nationalism is the main ideology in the transition process from the multinational Ottoman Empire to the nation-state Republic of Turkey. Turkish Hearths, founded in 1912 and closed in 1931, is an organization that shaped the idea of Turkish nationalism. Turkish Hearths operated in harmony with the CHP government until the 1930s but were closed in 1931 due to the political developments experienced in the attempt to transition to multi-party life in 1930. The gap created after the closure of the Turkish Hearths tried to be filled with Peoples Houses directly affiliated with the CHP and established to impose the ideology of the new era on the society. The establishment of Peoples Houses after the Turkish Hearths caused the two organizations to be seen as the continuation of each other. After the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey in 1945, the structure and thoughts of the Peoples Houses began to be questioned. Thus, in 1949, Turkish Hearths reactivated with the claim of a different understanding of nationalism than the understanding of Turkish nationalism of the Peoples Houses. In the bipolar world of the Cold War period, religion, spirituality, and sacredness were integrated into the nationalism adopted by the Turkish Hearths to prevent harmful ideas and ensure national unity. This study aims to understand two different forms of Turkish nationalism in the transition to multi-party political life by focusing on Peoples Houses and Turkish Hearths.

 Turkish nationalism is the main ideology in the transition process from the multinational Ottoman Empire to the nation-state Republic of Turkey. Turkish Hearths, founded in 1912 and closed in 1931, is an organization that shaped the idea of Turkish nationalism. Turkish Hearths operated in harmony with the CHP government until the 1930s but were closed in 1931 due to the political developments experienced in the attempt to transition to multi-party life in 1930. The gap created after the closure of the Turkish Hearths tried to be filled with Peoples Houses directly affiliated with the CHP and established to impose the ideology of the new era on the society. The establishment of Peoples Houses after the Turkish Hearths caused the two organizations to be seen as the continuation of each other. After the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey in 1945, the structure and thoughts of the Peoples Houses began to be questioned. Thus, in 1949, Turkish Hearths reactivated with the claim of a different understanding of nationalism than the understanding of Turkish nationalism of the Peoples Houses. In the bipolar world of the Cold War period, religion, spirituality, and sacredness were integrated into the nationalism adopted by the Turkish Hearths to prevent harmful ideas and ensure national unity. This study aims to understand two different forms of Turkish nationalism in the transition to multi-party political life by focusing on Peoples Houses and Turkish Hearths.

 Çok uluslu Osmanlı İmparatorluğundan ulus devlet şeklindeki Türkiye Cumhuriyetine geçişte Türkiyedeki temel ideoloji Türk milliyetçiliği olmuştur. Türk milliyetçiliği fikrini teşkilatlı bir yapıda temsil eden 1912de kurulup 1931 yılına kadar faaliyetlerini sürdüren Türk Ocaklarıdır. Ocaklar 1930lara kadar CHP iktidarıyla uyumlu bir şekilde çalışsa da 1930 yılında çok partili hayata geçiş denemesinde yaşanan siyasi gelişmelerin de etkisiyle kapatılmıştır. Türk Ocağının bıraktığı boşluk CHPye doğrudan bağlı ve yeni dönemin ideolojisini topluma benimsetmek amacıyla kurulan Halkevleriyle doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Türk Ocağının yerine Halkevlerinin kurulması her iki kuruluşun birbirinin devamı şeklinde görülmesine neden olmuştur. 1945 sonrasında Türkiyede çok partili siyasi hayat başlayınca Halkevlerinin yapısal konumunun yanı sıra fikri yönü de tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Böylece Türk Ocakları Halkevlerinin milliyetçilik anlayışından farklı bir milliyetçilik anlayışı iddiasıyla yeniden faaliyete geçirilmiştir. Soğuk Savaş döneminin iki kutuplu dünyasında din, maneviyat ve mukaddesat hem zararlı fikirleri önlemek hem de milli bütünlüğü sağlamak için Türk Ocağının benimsediği milliyetçiliğe eklemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma çok partili siyasi yaşama geçiş sürecinde Türk milliyetçiliğinin iki farklı formunu Halkevleri ve Türk Ocakları üzerine odaklanarak anlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

Different Interpretations of Turkish Nationalism in the Transition to Multi-Party Life: People’s Houses and Turkish Hearths

Yazarlar:

Yunus Emre Akbulut

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Atatürk Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319654

pISSN:

3062-0929

Turkish Hearths

People’s Houses

Turkish Nationalism

Hamdullah Suphi TanrıöverTürk Ocakları

Halkevleri

Türk Milliyetçiliği

Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Yunus Emre Akbulut

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Atatürk Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319654

pISSN: 3062-0929

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Yunus Emre Akbulut

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Atatürk Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319654

pISSN:

3062-0929