Physis (Nature) As the Legitimate Ground of Nomos (Law) in Plato

Serpil Timur

Makale detayları

Physis (Nature) As the Legitimate Ground of Nomos (Law) in Plato

Yazarlar:

Serpil Timur

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Eskiçağ Felsefesi

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.108-117

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334180

pISSN:

2667-4424

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 During the 5th and 4th centuries BC, the Sophists claimed that the concepts of nomos and physis were opposites. They contended that nomos implied human traditions, conventions, beliefs, and the political institutions and legal regulations in which people lived, and therefore varied from city to city and person to person. They defined physis, conversely, as nature, the unchanging principle underlying all things. Plato did not accept nomos-physis as a dichotomy and attempted to close the nomos-physis gap the Sophists advocated. Plato based his understanding of society and its rules on the world of unchanging forms, since according to him, the world of forms is essentially the metaphysical and ontological theory of nature. He claimed that the philosopher constructs the order of society by looking at the order of divine ideas. Therefore, in the Republic, Plato bases nomos on justice itself, that is, the form of justice, and nomos in harmony with nature when it protects justice; as forms are the highest principles of nature, part of the nature of things. In other words, according to Plato, the nature of things is determined by forms, so true and natural laws can be created by reference to forms. This article explains how Plato tried to close the nomos-physis gap by basing it on the world of forms.

 During the 5th and 4th centuries BC, the Sophists claimed that the concepts of nomos and physis were opposites. They contended that nomos implied human traditions, conventions, beliefs, and the political institutions and legal regulations in which people lived, and therefore varied from city to city and person to person. They defined physis, conversely, as nature, the unchanging principle underlying all things. Plato did not accept nomos-physis as a dichotomy and attempted to close the nomos-physis gap the Sophists advocated. Plato based his understanding of society and its rules on the world of unchanging forms, since according to him, the world of forms is essentially the metaphysical and ontological theory of nature. He claimed that the philosopher constructs the order of society by looking at the order of divine ideas. Therefore, in the Republic, Plato bases nomos on justice itself, that is, the form of justice, and nomos in harmony with nature when it protects justice; as forms are the highest principles of nature, part of the nature of things. In other words, according to Plato, the nature of things is determined by forms, so true and natural laws can be created by reference to forms. This article explains how Plato tried to close the nomos-physis gap by basing it on the world of forms.

 During the 5th and 4th centuries BC, the Sophists claimed that the concepts of nomos and physis were opposites. They contended that nomos implied human traditions, conventions, beliefs, and the political institutions and legal regulations in which people lived, and therefore varied from city to city and person to person. They defined physis, conversely, as nature, the unchanging principle underlying all things. Plato did not accept nomos-physis as a dichotomy and attempted to close the nomos-physis gap the Sophists advocated. Plato based his understanding of society and its rules on the world of unchanging forms, since according to him, the world of forms is essentially the metaphysical and ontological theory of nature. He claimed that the philosopher constructs the order of society by looking at the order of divine ideas. Therefore, in the Republic, Plato bases nomos on justice itself, that is, the form of justice, and nomos in harmony with nature when it protects justice; as forms are the highest principles of nature, part of the nature of things. In other words, according to Plato, the nature of things is determined by forms, so true and natural laws can be created by reference to forms. This article explains how Plato tried to close the nomos-physis gap by basing it on the world of forms.

 MÖ. 5. ve 4. yüzyıllarda sofistler tarafından nomos ve physis kavramlarının birbirine zıt olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Nomosun insan geleneklerini, uzlaşımlarını, inançlarını ve insanların yaşadığı siyasi kurumları ve yasal düzenlemeleri içerdiğini ve dolayısıyla şehirden şehire, kişiden kişiye değiştiği iddia edilmiştir. Physis ise doğa; tüm şeylerin altında yatan değişmez ilke olarak tanımlanmıştır. Platon, Sofistlerin ileri sürdüğü nomos-physis karşıtlığını kabul etmez ve onların açtığı nomos-physis yarığını kapatmaya çalışmıştır. Platon topluma dair kurallarını değişmez formlar dünyasına dayandırır, çünkü formlar dünyası esasında, doğanın metafiziksel ve ontolojik teorisidir. Filozof tanrısal idealar düzenine bakarak toplumun düzenini inşa eder. Dolayısıyla Devlette nomos, adaletin kendisine, yani adalet formuna dayandırılmaktadır ve nomos, adaleti koruduğunda doğayla uyum içerisindedir. Çünkü formlar, doğanın en yüksek ilkeleridir. Zira formlar aynı zamanda şeylerin doğasıdır. Yani şeylerin doğasını formlar belirler, o hâlde aslında doğru ve doğaya uygun yasalar da formlara referansla oluşturulabilir. Bu makalede Platonun nomos-physis yarığını formlar dünyasına dayandırılarak nasıl kapatmaya çalıştığı açıklanacaktır.

Makale detayları

Physis (Nature) As the Legitimate Ground of Nomos (Law) in Plato

Yazarlar:

Serpil Timur

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Eskiçağ Felsefesi

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.108-117

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334180

pISSN:

2667-4424

Plato

Nomos

Physis

Forms.Platon

Nomos

Physis

Formlar.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Serpil Timur

Yayıncı: Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar: Eskiçağ Felsefesi

Dergi: Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.108-117

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001334180

pISSN: 2667-4424

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Serpil Timur

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Eskiçağ Felsefesi

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.108-117

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334180

pISSN:

2667-4424