The Effect Of Natural Disasters On Idjâra (Rental) Contract In Islamıc Law

Mustafa Harun Kıylık

Makale detayları

The Effect Of Natural Disasters On Idjâra (Rental) Contract In Islamıc Law

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Harun Kıylık

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 19, pp.74-85

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305137

pISSN:

2667-615X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In society, people need some properties themselves the same or for their own benefits. According to Islamic law, while people acquire the same properties they need through a bay sale contract, they gain access to the benefits of the properties as a means of contracts such as idjâra rent or âriyya lending. Muslims must conclude all kinds of contracts in accordance with the principles and conditions determined within the framework of the Quran and Sunnah. Otherwise, the contracts will be invalid or void. In terms of Islamic law, in a sales contract, the location which subjects to the contract must be existing, and possible to deliver. Since the sale of something that does not exist is prohibited, such a sales contract is void. However, some types of contracts, including the idjâra contract, are exempt from this rule based on some special evidence. Because the idjâra contract, which has been implemented since the time of legislation, is a mandatory need in human life, and also occupies an important place. For this reason, according to some jurists, the idjâra contract was not considered within the scope of the sale of the non-existent through istihsân, contrary to the general rule, and was accepted as legitimate on the grounds of istihsân. The fact that the İdjâra contract is established in a way that is contrary to analogy does not make it possible to compare other contracts with this contract. Since the contract of idjâra is one of the most frequently referred contracts after the contract of sale, it has been discussed in all its aspects by Islamic jurists and examined under separate headings. In this context, the impact of natural disasters on the idjâra contract has not been disregarded. In principle, a rent contract duly established with its provisions and conditions, as well as a sales contract, is binding on both parties. However, in unforeseen circumstances, especially during unexpected disasters, legal problems such as continuation of the rent contract, benefiting from the benefit of the rented property and refund of the paid fee arise. In our study, first of all, after briefly presenting what natural disasters mean in Islamic law literature, the nature of the idjâra contract will be focused on, and then only the consequences of natural disasters on the rent contract will be detailed. As a result, in such disasters cause partial or total loss to the rented property, the possibility of continuation of the contract and the responsibilities of the parties will be revealed.

 In society, people need some properties themselves the same or for their own benefits. According to Islamic law, while people acquire the same properties they need through a bay sale contract, they gain access to the benefits of the properties as a means of contracts such as idjâra rent or âriyya lending. Muslims must conclude all kinds of contracts in accordance with the principles and conditions determined within the framework of the Quran and Sunnah. Otherwise, the contracts will be invalid or void. In terms of Islamic law, in a sales contract, the location which subjects to the contract must be existing, and possible to deliver. Since the sale of something that does not exist is prohibited, such a sales contract is void. However, some types of contracts, including the idjâra contract, are exempt from this rule based on some special evidence. Because the idjâra contract, which has been implemented since the time of legislation, is a mandatory need in human life, and also occupies an important place. For this reason, according to some jurists, the idjâra contract was not considered within the scope of the sale of the non-existent through istihsân, contrary to the general rule, and was accepted as legitimate on the grounds of istihsân. The fact that the İdjâra contract is established in a way that is contrary to analogy does not make it possible to compare other contracts with this contract. Since the contract of idjâra is one of the most frequently referred contracts after the contract of sale, it has been discussed in all its aspects by Islamic jurists and examined under separate headings. In this context, the impact of natural disasters on the idjâra contract has not been disregarded. In principle, a rent contract duly established with its provisions and conditions, as well as a sales contract, is binding on both parties. However, in unforeseen circumstances, especially during unexpected disasters, legal problems such as continuation of the rent contract, benefiting from the benefit of the rented property and refund of the paid fee arise. In our study, first of all, after briefly presenting what natural disasters mean in Islamic law literature, the nature of the idjâra contract will be focused on, and then only the consequences of natural disasters on the rent contract will be detailed. As a result, in such disasters cause partial or total loss to the rented property, the possibility of continuation of the contract and the responsibilities of the parties will be revealed.

 In society, people need some properties themselves the same or for their own benefits. According to Islamic law, while people acquire the same properties they need through a bay sale contract, they gain access to the benefits of the properties as a means of contracts such as idjâra rent or âriyya lending. Muslims must conclude all kinds of contracts in accordance with the principles and conditions determined within the framework of the Quran and Sunnah. Otherwise, the contracts will be invalid or void. In terms of Islamic law, in a sales contract, the location which subjects to the contract must be existing, and possible to deliver. Since the sale of something that does not exist is prohibited, such a sales contract is void. However, some types of contracts, including the idjâra contract, are exempt from this rule based on some special evidence. Because the idjâra contract, which has been implemented since the time of legislation, is a mandatory need in human life, and also occupies an important place. For this reason, according to some jurists, the idjâra contract was not considered within the scope of the sale of the non-existent through istihsân, contrary to the general rule, and was accepted as legitimate on the grounds of istihsân. The fact that the İdjâra contract is established in a way that is contrary to analogy does not make it possible to compare other contracts with this contract. Since the contract of idjâra is one of the most frequently referred contracts after the contract of sale, it has been discussed in all its aspects by Islamic jurists and examined under separate headings. In this context, the impact of natural disasters on the idjâra contract has not been disregarded. In principle, a rent contract duly established with its provisions and conditions, as well as a sales contract, is binding on both parties. However, in unforeseen circumstances, especially during unexpected disasters, legal problems such as continuation of the rent contract, benefiting from the benefit of the rented property and refund of the paid fee arise. In our study, first of all, after briefly presenting what natural disasters mean in Islamic law literature, the nature of the idjâra contract will be focused on, and then only the consequences of natural disasters on the rent contract will be detailed. As a result, in such disasters cause partial or total loss to the rented property, the possibility of continuation of the contract and the responsibilities of the parties will be revealed.

 Toplum içinde insanlar bazı eşyaların bizzat kendilerine aynlarına veya menfaatlerine ihtiyaç duyarlar. İslâm hukukuna göre insanlar ihtiyaç duydukları eşyaların aynlarını bey satım akdi ile elde ederlerken söz konusu eşyaların menfaatlerine icâre kira veya âriyet ödünç gibi akitler ile sahip olurlar. Müslümanlar her türlü akdi, Kurân ve Sünnet çerçevesinde tayin edilen rükün ve şartlara uygun bir şekilde kurmak durumundadırlar. Aksi takdirde yapılacak sözleşmeler fâsid ya da batıl olacaktır. İslâm hukuku açısından satım akdinde akde konu olan mahallin mevcut, mütekavvim ve tesliminin mümkün olması şarttır. Mevcut bulunmayan bir şeyin satışı yasaklandığından, böyle bir satım akdi batıldır. Fakat aralarında icâre akdinin de bulunduğu bazı akit türleri özel bazı deliller sebebiyle bu kuraldan istisna edilmiştir. Zira teşri zamanından bu yana uygulana gelen icâre akdi, insan hayatında zorunlu ihtiyaç olmakla birlikte önemli bir yer de işgal etmektedir. Bu sebeple icâre akdi kimi fakihlere göre kıyasa yani genel kurala aykırı olarak istihsan yoluyla madûmun satımı kapsamında değerlendirilmemiş ve yine istihsan gerekçesiyle meşru kabul edilmiştir. İcare akdinin kıyasa aykırı bir şekilde sabit olması, başka akitleri bu akde kıyaslamaya mahal vermemektedir. İcâre akdi satım akdinden sonra en çok müracaat edilen akitlerden olması hasebiyle İslâm hukukçuları tarafından tüm yönleriyle ele alınmış ve müstakil başlıklar altında irdelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda doğal âfetlerin icâre akdi üzerindeki etkisi de ihmal edilmemiştir. İlke olarak satım akdi kadar usulüne uygun, rükün ve şartlarıyla birlikte kurulan bir icâre akdi her iki taraf için bağlayıcıdır. Ancak öngörülemez durumlarda, özellikle beklenmedik afetler esnasında icâre akdinin devamı, kiralananın menfaatinden yararlanma ve ödenen ücretin iadesi türünden hukuki problemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamızda öncelikle doğal âfetlerin İslâm hukuk literatüründe neyi ifade ettiği özetle sunulduktan sonra ana hatlarıyla icâre akdinin mahiyeti üzerinde durulacak, bilahare sadece doğal âfetlerin kira akdi üzerindeki sonuçları detaylandırılacaktır. Netice itibariyle meydana gelen âfetlerin kiralanan üzerinde kısmi veya külli telefler oluşturması halinde akdin devam etme imkânı ve tarafların bu tür durumlardaki sorumlulukları ortaya konulacaktır.

Makale detayları

The Effect Of Natural Disasters On Idjâra (Rental) Contract In Islamıc Law

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Harun Kıylık

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 19, pp.74-85

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305137

pISSN:

2667-615X

Islamic Law

Contract

Idjâra

Natural Disaster

Loss

Liabilityİslâm Hukuku

Akit

İcâre

Doğal Âfet

Telef

Sorumluluk

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mustafa Harun Kıylık

Yayıncı: Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 19, pp.74-85

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001305137

pISSN: 2667-615X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Harun Kıylık

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 19, pp.74-85

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305137

pISSN:

2667-615X