Appropriating “Usûl” in the Tradition of Turkish Folk Music

Onurcan Kaya

Makale detayları

Appropriating “Usûl” in the Tradition of Turkish Folk Music

Yazarlar:

Onurcan Kaya

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Müzik (Diğer)

Dergi:

Konservatoryum Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.116-125

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309447

pISSN:

2618-5695

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Melody and rhythm correspond to makam and usûl, respectively, in Turkish music. Edvars, which are important for historical understanding and the transference of Turkish music, are also crucial for understanding makam and usûl. Furthermore,usûl transferred in written through edvars were transferred through the meşk, which can be evaluated within oral tradition and perform multiple functions. Pedagogical, determining the formal structure and rhythmic structure to be performed in composition process. With the emergence of the Turkish classicalfolk music distinction under the influence of the Musical Revolution, the current usûl understanding occurred in Turkish classical music. Following studies conducted within this period, the formulation of a Turkish folk music theory began, and such studies used the concept of usûl. usûl understanding, which was put forward by Muzaffer Sarısözen through the determination of measures, consists of an interpretation that explains the double and triple beats that comprise the measures instead of stereotyped measures with special names and beats similar to the existing usûls. In this sense, the current study infers that Turkish folk music usûl was appropriated from Turkish classical music. It was intended to create the impression that Turkish folk music theory, whose creation was initiated during the Republic period 1920s  1930s, was a tradition with an ancient past. In this manner, in the context of the ideology of the period, the musical tradition was legitimized more quickly and spread to society. The current study elucidates the use of usûl in Turkish folk music and associates it with the concept of appropriation.

 Melody and rhythm correspond to makam and usûl, respectively, in Turkish music. Edvars, which are important for historical understanding and the transference of Turkish music, are also crucial for understanding makam and usûl. Furthermore,usûl transferred in written through edvars were transferred through the meşk, which can be evaluated within oral tradition and perform multiple functions. Pedagogical, determining the formal structure and rhythmic structure to be performed in composition process. With the emergence of the Turkish classicalfolk music distinction under the influence of the Musical Revolution, the current usûl understanding occurred in Turkish classical music. Following studies conducted within this period, the formulation of a Turkish folk music theory began, and such studies used the concept of usûl. usûl understanding, which was put forward by Muzaffer Sarısözen through the determination of measures, consists of an interpretation that explains the double and triple beats that comprise the measures instead of stereotyped measures with special names and beats similar to the existing usûls. In this sense, the current study infers that Turkish folk music usûl was appropriated from Turkish classical music. It was intended to create the impression that Turkish folk music theory, whose creation was initiated during the Republic period 1920s  1930s, was a tradition with an ancient past. In this manner, in the context of the ideology of the period, the musical tradition was legitimized more quickly and spread to society. The current study elucidates the use of usûl in Turkish folk music and associates it with the concept of appropriation.

 Melody and rhythm correspond to makam and usûl, respectively, in Turkish music. Edvars, which are important for historical understanding and the transference of Turkish music, are also crucial for understanding makam and usûl. Furthermore,usûl transferred in written through edvars were transferred through the meşk, which can be evaluated within oral tradition and perform multiple functions. Pedagogical, determining the formal structure and rhythmic structure to be performed in composition process. With the emergence of the Turkish classicalfolk music distinction under the influence of the Musical Revolution, the current usûl understanding occurred in Turkish classical music. Following studies conducted within this period, the formulation of a Turkish folk music theory began, and such studies used the concept of usûl. usûl understanding, which was put forward by Muzaffer Sarısözen through the determination of measures, consists of an interpretation that explains the double and triple beats that comprise the measures instead of stereotyped measures with special names and beats similar to the existing usûls. In this sense, the current study infers that Turkish folk music usûl was appropriated from Turkish classical music. It was intended to create the impression that Turkish folk music theory, whose creation was initiated during the Republic period 1920s  1930s, was a tradition with an ancient past. In this manner, in the context of the ideology of the period, the musical tradition was legitimized more quickly and spread to society. The current study elucidates the use of usûl in Turkish folk music and associates it with the concept of appropriation.

 Müziğin iki ana unsuru olan ezgi ve ritim, Türk müziğinde makam ve usûl kavramlarıyla karşılanır. Türk müziğinin tarihsel yönden anlaşılması ve aktarılmasında önemli yeri olan edvarlar, makam ve usûl kavramlarının anlaşılması bakımından da önemlidir. Edvarlar aracılığıyla yazılı olarak aktarılan usûller, sözlü gelenek çerçevesinde değerlendirilebilecek olan meşk sistemiyle de aktarılmıştır ve meşk sisteminde pedagojik, besteleme sürecinde ise formel yapının belirlenmesi, icra edilecek ritmik yapıyı oluşturması gibi çoklu işleve sahiptir. Musiki inkılabının etkisiyle Türk sanat müziğiTürk halk müziği ayrımının ortaya çıkmasıyla mevcut usûl anlayışı Türk sanat müziği geleneğinde karşılık bulmuştur. Bu dönemde yapılan Türk halk müziği araştırmalarını takiben bir Türk halk müziği nazariyatı oluşturma çalışmaları başlamış ve usûl kavramı da bu çalışmalar içerisinde kullanılmıştır. Derlenen eserlerin ölçülerinin saptanması üzerinden Muzaffer Sarısözen tarafından ortaya konan bu usûl anlayışı, mevcut Türk sanat müziği usûlleri gibi özel adlara ve darplara sahip kalıplaşmış ölçüler değil, ölçüleri meydana getiren ikili ve üçlü vuruşları açıklayan bir anlayıştan ibarettir. Bu anlamda Türk halk müziği geleneğinde usûl kavramının Türk sanat müziğinden temellük edildiği söylenebilir. Cumhuriyet döneminde oluşturulmaya çalışılan Türk halk müziği nazariyatının kadim bir geçmişe sahip bir gelenek olma izlenimi yaratılması amaçlanmıştır. Böylelikle dönemin ideolojisi bağlamında müzik geleneği daha hızlı bir şekilde meşrulaşacak ve toplumsal zemine yayılacaktır. Bu çalışmada Türk halk müziği geleneğinde usûl kavramının kullanımı Kendine mal etme, kendine mülk etme gibi anlamlara sahip olan ve çeşitli alanlarda kullanılan temellük kavramıyla ilişkilendirilerek açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.

Makale detayları

Appropriating “Usûl” in the Tradition of Turkish Folk Music

Yazarlar:

Onurcan Kaya

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Müzik (Diğer)

Dergi:

Konservatoryum Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.116-125

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309447

pISSN:

2618-5695

Usûl

Turkish folk music

appropriationUsûl

Türk halk müziği

temellük

Sayı

Makale detayları

Appropriating “Usûl” in the Tradition of Turkish Folk Music

Yazarlar: Onurcan Kaya

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Müzik (Diğer)

Dergi: Konservatoryum Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.116-125

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001309447

pISSN: 2618-5695

Usûl

Turkish folk music

appropriationUsûl

Türk halk müziği

temellük

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Onurcan Kaya

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Müzik (Diğer)

Dergi:

Konservatoryum Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.116-125

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309447

pISSN:

2618-5695