A Comparison of the Mecelle and the French Civil Code in the Context of the Pre-Delivery Right of Disposition and Damages Provisions

İlknur Yaşar Bilicioğlu

Makale detayları

A Comparison of the Mecelle and the French Civil Code in the Context of the Pre-Delivery Right of Disposition and Damages Provisions

Yazarlar:

İlknur Yaşar Bilicioğlu

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.171-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317147

pISSN:

2717-6967

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This article focuses on the pre-delivery disposition and damage provisions stipulated by the Mecelle Ottoman Empires Islamic civil code for sales contracts and compares them with the French Civil Code. The study then examines the works of the amendment commissions that focus on provisions for disposition and damages in terms of their connection with the French Civil Code. The criticisms that the Mecelle has been exposed to are closely related to the legal concept imposed by the French Civil Code. The Mecelle has been heavily criticized both during and after its implementation in terms of pre-delivery disposition and damage provisions. The fact that the Mecelle especially limited the sale of movable goods and left responsibility for damages to the seller was perceived as a serious problem in terms of the functioning of commercial law. The French Civil Code makes no mention of the delivery condition for goods being subjected to a new sale. Therefore, the French Civil Code provides a much more risk-free and profitable contract opportunity, especially for the trader. On the other hand, the customer faces the risk of losing the price sum along with the goods. The provisions on disposition and damage can be said to have been first criticized foreigners, then by Ottoman jurists whod adopted Western legal concepts before finally making use of the fatwas of the four schools to amend the provisions on disposition alongside other provisions that were claimed to not meet the needs of the age. This study consists of an attempt to examine the need for amending the Mecelle in terms of the function and economic acceptances of its civil code rather than discussing the boundaries of the Hanafi school.

 This article focuses on the pre-delivery disposition and damage provisions stipulated by the Mecelle Ottoman Empires Islamic civil code for sales contracts and compares them with the French Civil Code. The study then examines the works of the amendment commissions that focus on provisions for disposition and damages in terms of their connection with the French Civil Code. The criticisms that the Mecelle has been exposed to are closely related to the legal concept imposed by the French Civil Code. The Mecelle has been heavily criticized both during and after its implementation in terms of pre-delivery disposition and damage provisions. The fact that the Mecelle especially limited the sale of movable goods and left responsibility for damages to the seller was perceived as a serious problem in terms of the functioning of commercial law. The French Civil Code makes no mention of the delivery condition for goods being subjected to a new sale. Therefore, the French Civil Code provides a much more risk-free and profitable contract opportunity, especially for the trader. On the other hand, the customer faces the risk of losing the price sum along with the goods. The provisions on disposition and damage can be said to have been first criticized foreigners, then by Ottoman jurists whod adopted Western legal concepts before finally making use of the fatwas of the four schools to amend the provisions on disposition alongside other provisions that were claimed to not meet the needs of the age. This study consists of an attempt to examine the need for amending the Mecelle in terms of the function and economic acceptances of its civil code rather than discussing the boundaries of the Hanafi school.

 This article focuses on the pre-delivery disposition and damage provisions stipulated by the Mecelle Ottoman Empires Islamic civil code for sales contracts and compares them with the French Civil Code. The study then examines the works of the amendment commissions that focus on provisions for disposition and damages in terms of their connection with the French Civil Code. The criticisms that the Mecelle has been exposed to are closely related to the legal concept imposed by the French Civil Code. The Mecelle has been heavily criticized both during and after its implementation in terms of pre-delivery disposition and damage provisions. The fact that the Mecelle especially limited the sale of movable goods and left responsibility for damages to the seller was perceived as a serious problem in terms of the functioning of commercial law. The French Civil Code makes no mention of the delivery condition for goods being subjected to a new sale. Therefore, the French Civil Code provides a much more risk-free and profitable contract opportunity, especially for the trader. On the other hand, the customer faces the risk of losing the price sum along with the goods. The provisions on disposition and damage can be said to have been first criticized foreigners, then by Ottoman jurists whod adopted Western legal concepts before finally making use of the fatwas of the four schools to amend the provisions on disposition alongside other provisions that were claimed to not meet the needs of the age. This study consists of an attempt to examine the need for amending the Mecelle in terms of the function and economic acceptances of its civil code rather than discussing the boundaries of the Hanafi school.

 Bu makalede Mecellenin satım akdi için öngördüğü kabz öncesi tasarruf ve hasar hükümleri, Fransız Medeni Kanununun hükümleriyle karşılaştırılacaktır. Ardından tadil komisyonlarının kabz hükümleri odaklı çalışmaları, Fransız Medeni Kanunuyla paralellikleri bakımından incelenecektir. Mecellenin maruz kaldığı eleştiriler Fransız Medeni Kanunuyla dayatılan hukuk tasavvuruyla yakından ilgilidir. Mecelle, kabz öncesi tasarruf ve hasar hükümleri bakımından yürürlüğü sürecinde ve sonrasında çokça eleştirilmiştir. Özellikle menkul malın satışının sınırlanması ve hasarın satıcıya bırakılması, ticaret hukukundaki işleyiş açısından ciddi bir sorun olarak algılanmıştır. Fransız Medeni Kanunu ise malın yeni bir satışa konu olması için teslim şartından söz etmez, satışlarda mülkiyetle birlikte hasar sorumluluğu da doğrudan müşteriye geçer. Bu yüzden Fransız Medeni Kanunu özellikle fazla ticaret yapan satıcı için çok daha risksiz ve kazançlı mukavele imkânı verir. Müşteri ise malla birlikte, bedelini de kaybetme riskiyle yüzleşir. Kabz hükümlerinin önce ecnebiler, ardından Batı hukuk tasavvurunu benimseyen Osmanlı hukukçuları eliyle eleştirildiğini, nihayet tadil sürecinde dört mezhebin fetvalarından istifade edilerek çağın ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamadığı iddia edilen diğer hükümlerle birlikte kabz hükümlerinin tadiline girişildiğini söyleyebiliriz. Bu çalışma Mecellenin tadil ihtiyacını Hanefi mezhebi sınırları bakımından tartışmak yerine, Fransız Medeni Kanununun işlevi ve iktisadi kabulleri açısından inceleme denemesinden ibarettir.

Makale detayları

A Comparison of the Mecelle and the French Civil Code in the Context of the Pre-Delivery Right of Disposition and Damages Provisions

Yazarlar:

İlknur Yaşar Bilicioğlu

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.171-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317147

pISSN:

2717-6967

Islamic Law

Mecelle

French Civil Code

Sales Contract

Right of Disposition

Damage

Amendmentsİslam Hukuku

Mecelle

Fransız Medeni Kanunu

Satım Akdi

Tasarruf

Zarar

Hasar

Tadil

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İlknur Yaşar Bilicioğlu

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Araştırmaları

Dergi: İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.171-198

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001317147

pISSN: 2717-6967

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İlknur Yaşar Bilicioğlu

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.171-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317147

pISSN:

2717-6967