A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF RUBBER BULLETS IN SOCIAL EVENTS

Hüseyin Mecek

Makale detayları

A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF RUBBER BULLETS IN SOCIAL EVENTS

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Mecek

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku | Kamu Hukuku (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.965-985

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310289

pISSN:

2147-3854

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The right to assembly and demonstration which is a special aspect of the freedom of expression and enables its collective exercise, the right to life, which aims to protect the physical and spiritual integrity of the individual, and the prohibition of torture andof the Republic of Turkey and the European Convention on Human Rights, the right to assembly and demonst ill-treatment are among the fundamental values of a democratic society. According to the Constitution ration is conditional on being of a peaceful nature. The state may intervene in demonstrations that are no longer peaceful in order to ensure public security. When intervening in social events, the law-enforcement officers have a wide range of means of use of force, ranging from non-lethal physical force to lethal firearms. Rubber bullets are also recognised in the literature as one of the non-lethal means of use of force employed by the law enforcement officers. The intervention to be made the right to assembly and demonstration must be carried out in accordance with the criteria of legality, necessity and proportionality, in compliance with the limits drawn in the constitutional framework. In cases where an impugned intervention lacks a legal basis, there is no need for a separate examination in terms of the criteria of necessity and proportionality. The use of force by the law-enforcement officers is directly related not only to the right to assembly and demonstration, but also to the right to life and the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. The reflection of the principle of legality in interferences with the right to assembly and demonstration on the right to life and the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment is the obligation to create legislation, which is one of the positive obligations incumbent on the State. In Turkey, there is no legal regulation allowing the use of rubber bullets. Despite this, the alleged use of rubber bullets in social events has always been on the agenda. Although the term rubber bullet is not mentioned, kinetic impact projectiles, which is the formers synonym in the literature, was regulated for the first time by a directive issued by the Ministry of Interior in 2011. Attempting to regulate fundamental rights and freedoms, which can be restricted by law according to articles 13 and 34 of the Constitution, through a regulatory act of the administration is contrary to the hierarchy of norms and the principle of legality.

 The right to assembly and demonstration which is a special aspect of the freedom of expression and enables its collective exercise, the right to life, which aims to protect the physical and spiritual integrity of the individual, and the prohibition of torture andof the Republic of Turkey and the European Convention on Human Rights, the right to assembly and demonst ill-treatment are among the fundamental values of a democratic society. According to the Constitution ration is conditional on being of a peaceful nature. The state may intervene in demonstrations that are no longer peaceful in order to ensure public security. When intervening in social events, the law-enforcement officers have a wide range of means of use of force, ranging from non-lethal physical force to lethal firearms. Rubber bullets are also recognised in the literature as one of the non-lethal means of use of force employed by the law enforcement officers. The intervention to be made the right to assembly and demonstration must be carried out in accordance with the criteria of legality, necessity and proportionality, in compliance with the limits drawn in the constitutional framework. In cases where an impugned intervention lacks a legal basis, there is no need for a separate examination in terms of the criteria of necessity and proportionality. The use of force by the law-enforcement officers is directly related not only to the right to assembly and demonstration, but also to the right to life and the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. The reflection of the principle of legality in interferences with the right to assembly and demonstration on the right to life and the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment is the obligation to create legislation, which is one of the positive obligations incumbent on the State. In Turkey, there is no legal regulation allowing the use of rubber bullets. Despite this, the alleged use of rubber bullets in social events has always been on the agenda. Although the term rubber bullet is not mentioned, kinetic impact projectiles, which is the formers synonym in the literature, was regulated for the first time by a directive issued by the Ministry of Interior in 2011. Attempting to regulate fundamental rights and freedoms, which can be restricted by law according to articles 13 and 34 of the Constitution, through a regulatory act of the administration is contrary to the hierarchy of norms and the principle of legality.

 The right to assembly and demonstration which is a special aspect of the freedom of expression and enables its collective exercise, the right to life, which aims to protect the physical and spiritual integrity of the individual, and the prohibition of torture andof the Republic of Turkey and the European Convention on Human Rights, the right to assembly and demonst ill-treatment are among the fundamental values of a democratic society. According to the Constitution ration is conditional on being of a peaceful nature. The state may intervene in demonstrations that are no longer peaceful in order to ensure public security. When intervening in social events, the law-enforcement officers have a wide range of means of use of force, ranging from non-lethal physical force to lethal firearms. Rubber bullets are also recognised in the literature as one of the non-lethal means of use of force employed by the law enforcement officers. The intervention to be made the right to assembly and demonstration must be carried out in accordance with the criteria of legality, necessity and proportionality, in compliance with the limits drawn in the constitutional framework. In cases where an impugned intervention lacks a legal basis, there is no need for a separate examination in terms of the criteria of necessity and proportionality. The use of force by the law-enforcement officers is directly related not only to the right to assembly and demonstration, but also to the right to life and the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. The reflection of the principle of legality in interferences with the right to assembly and demonstration on the right to life and the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment is the obligation to create legislation, which is one of the positive obligations incumbent on the State. In Turkey, there is no legal regulation allowing the use of rubber bullets. Despite this, the alleged use of rubber bullets in social events has always been on the agenda. Although the term rubber bullet is not mentioned, kinetic impact projectiles, which is the formers synonym in the literature, was regulated for the first time by a directive issued by the Ministry of Interior in 2011. Attempting to regulate fundamental rights and freedoms, which can be restricted by law according to articles 13 and 34 of the Constitution, through a regulatory act of the administration is contrary to the hierarchy of norms and the principle of legality.

 İfade hürriyetinin özel bir görünümü olan ve toplu bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlayan toplantı ve gösteri hakkı, bireyin fiziksel ve ruhsal bütünlüğünü koruma gayesi güden yaşam hakkı ile işkence ve kötü muamele yasağı demokratik toplumun temel değerleri arasında yer almaktadır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesine göre toplantı ve gösteri hakkı, barışçıl olma koşuluna bağlıdır. Barışçıl niteliği bozulan gösterilere devlet, kamu güvenliğini sağlamak için müdahale edebilir. Toplumsal olaylara müdahale ederken kolluk, öldürücü olmayan bedensel kuvvetten öldürücü nitelikteki ateşli silahlara uzanan geniş bir yelpazede çeşitli zor kullanma araçlarına sahiptir. Plastik mermiler de literatürde kolluğun öldürücü olmayan zor kullanma araçlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Toplantı ve gösteri hakkına yapılacak müdahalenin anayasal çerçevede çizilen sınırlara riayet edilerek kanunla, gereklilik ve orantılılık koşullarına uygun olarak icra edilmesi gerekir. Müdahalenin yasal bir dayanaktan yoksun olması durumunda gereklilik ve orantılılık ölçütleri açısından ayrıca bir inceleme yapılmasına ihtiyaç kalmamaktadır. Kolluğun zor kullanma araçları toplantı ve gösteri hakkının yanı sıra yaşam hakkı ile işkence ve kötü muamele yasağıyla da doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Toplantı ve gösteri hakkına müdahalelerdeki kanunilik ilkesinin yaşam hakkı ve işkence ve kötü muamele yasağındaki izdüşümü, devletin pozitif yükümlülüklerinden biri olan mevzuat oluşturma yükümlülüğüdür. Türkiyede plastik mermi kullanımına cevaz veren yasal bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Buna karşın toplumsal olaylarda plastik mermi kullanıldığı iddiaları sürekli gündemde olagelmiştir. Plastik mermi ibaresi geçmemekle birlikte literatürde bunun eş anlamlısı olarak kabul edilen darbe etkili mermi, ilk kez 2011 yılında İçişleri Bakanlığınca çıkarılan bir yönerge ile düzenlenmiştir. Anayasanın 13. ve 34. maddelerine göre kanunla sınırlandırılabilecek temel hak ve özgürlüklerin idarenin adsız düzenleyici işlemiyle tanzim edilmeye çalışılması, normlar hiyerarşisine ve kanunilik prensibine aykırıdır.

Makale detayları

A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF RUBBER BULLETS IN SOCIAL EVENTS

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Mecek

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku | Kamu Hukuku (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.965-985

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310289

pISSN:

2147-3854

Non-lethal Weapon

Rubber Bullet

Kinetic Impact Projectiles

Hierarchy of Norms

Obligation to Establish Legislation

Right to Assembly And Demonstration

Principle of LegalityÖldürücü Olmayan Silah

Plastik Mermi

Darbe Etkili Mermi

Normlar Hiyerarşisi

Mevzuat Oluşturma Yükümlülüğü

Toplantı ve Gösteri Hakkı

Kanunilik İlkesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hüseyin Mecek

Yayıncı: Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar: Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku | Kamu Hukuku (Diğer)

Dergi: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.965-985

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310289

pISSN: 2147-3854

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Mecek

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku | Kamu Hukuku (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.965-985

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310289

pISSN:

2147-3854