CRIMES RELATED TO ABORTION PROHIBITION IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN PERIOD AND THEIR REFLECTIONS IN THE PRESS

Ahmet Yılmaz

Makale detayları

CRIMES RELATED TO ABORTION PROHIBITION IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN PERIOD AND THEIR REFLECTIONS IN THE PRESS

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 28, pp.49-74

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323676

pISSN:

2146-4456

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The policies aimed at increasing the population of the Ottoman Empire continued during the Early Republican period as well. These policies naturally involved controlling not only the physical presence of individuals but also their reproductive health. Thus, the prohibition of abortion emerges as a significant tool for the state to control womens fertility. Abortion was deemed a crime, citing the right to life and bodily integrity, in the Turkish Penal Code numbered 765, accepted in 1926. It was examined under the title of  Intentional Abortion and Causing Miscarriage and various penal regulations were introduced in Articles 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, and 476. Various regulations regarding abortion were made following the 1927 population census, which revealed that population growth did not occur as desired. Initially, Article 152 of the General Health Law numbered 1593, dated 1930, banned the sale of drugs facilitating abortion. Later, with the Law numbered 3038, titled Amendment of Some Articles of the Turkish Penal Code, accepted in 1936, under the heading Crimes against Individuals, new regulations were introduced within the scope of Crimes against the Completeness and Health of the Race, specifically in Articles 468, 469, 470, 471, and 472. These laws defined various crimes associated with the ban on abortion. Despite abortion being illegal, women experiencing unwanted pregnancies due to extramarital relationships, rape, or inability to provide care for the baby due to poverty continued to undergo unsafe abortions outside the states control, in an unhealthy and unsafe manner. Women who underwent unsafe abortions faced compromised reproductive health or lost their lives due to the drugs they used to induce abortion. News related to incidents of abortion associated with such events appeared in newspapers of the period. The relationship between newborn murder or child abandonment crimes and the ban on abortion was questioned, and relevant news in the media was also followed. This article aims to exemplify crimes associated with the ban on abortion within the specified framework through their reflections in the press.

 The policies aimed at increasing the population of the Ottoman Empire continued during the Early Republican period as well. These policies naturally involved controlling not only the physical presence of individuals but also their reproductive health. Thus, the prohibition of abortion emerges as a significant tool for the state to control womens fertility. Abortion was deemed a crime, citing the right to life and bodily integrity, in the Turkish Penal Code numbered 765, accepted in 1926. It was examined under the title of  Intentional Abortion and Causing Miscarriage and various penal regulations were introduced in Articles 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, and 476. Various regulations regarding abortion were made following the 1927 population census, which revealed that population growth did not occur as desired. Initially, Article 152 of the General Health Law numbered 1593, dated 1930, banned the sale of drugs facilitating abortion. Later, with the Law numbered 3038, titled Amendment of Some Articles of the Turkish Penal Code, accepted in 1936, under the heading Crimes against Individuals, new regulations were introduced within the scope of Crimes against the Completeness and Health of the Race, specifically in Articles 468, 469, 470, 471, and 472. These laws defined various crimes associated with the ban on abortion. Despite abortion being illegal, women experiencing unwanted pregnancies due to extramarital relationships, rape, or inability to provide care for the baby due to poverty continued to undergo unsafe abortions outside the states control, in an unhealthy and unsafe manner. Women who underwent unsafe abortions faced compromised reproductive health or lost their lives due to the drugs they used to induce abortion. News related to incidents of abortion associated with such events appeared in newspapers of the period. The relationship between newborn murder or child abandonment crimes and the ban on abortion was questioned, and relevant news in the media was also followed. This article aims to exemplify crimes associated with the ban on abortion within the specified framework through their reflections in the press.

 The policies aimed at increasing the population of the Ottoman Empire continued during the Early Republican period as well. These policies naturally involved controlling not only the physical presence of individuals but also their reproductive health. Thus, the prohibition of abortion emerges as a significant tool for the state to control womens fertility. Abortion was deemed a crime, citing the right to life and bodily integrity, in the Turkish Penal Code numbered 765, accepted in 1926. It was examined under the title of  Intentional Abortion and Causing Miscarriage and various penal regulations were introduced in Articles 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, and 476. Various regulations regarding abortion were made following the 1927 population census, which revealed that population growth did not occur as desired. Initially, Article 152 of the General Health Law numbered 1593, dated 1930, banned the sale of drugs facilitating abortion. Later, with the Law numbered 3038, titled Amendment of Some Articles of the Turkish Penal Code, accepted in 1936, under the heading Crimes against Individuals, new regulations were introduced within the scope of Crimes against the Completeness and Health of the Race, specifically in Articles 468, 469, 470, 471, and 472. These laws defined various crimes associated with the ban on abortion. Despite abortion being illegal, women experiencing unwanted pregnancies due to extramarital relationships, rape, or inability to provide care for the baby due to poverty continued to undergo unsafe abortions outside the states control, in an unhealthy and unsafe manner. Women who underwent unsafe abortions faced compromised reproductive health or lost their lives due to the drugs they used to induce abortion. News related to incidents of abortion associated with such events appeared in newspapers of the period. The relationship between newborn murder or child abandonment crimes and the ban on abortion was questioned, and relevant news in the media was also followed. This article aims to exemplify crimes associated with the ban on abortion within the specified framework through their reflections in the press.

 Osmanlı devletinin nüfusu arttırmaya yönelik politikaları Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde de devam etmiştir. Bu politikalar, doğal olarak insanların bedensel varlıklarının yanında üreme sağlıklarının da kontrol edilmesi anlamına gelmekteydi. Böylece kürtaj yasağı, devletin kadının doğurganlığını kontrol etmesinin önemli bir aracı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kürtaj, 1926 tarihinde kabul edilen 765 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanununda hayat ve vücut bütünlüğü hakkı gerekçe gösterilerek bir suç olarak kabul edildi ve Kasten Çocuk Düşürmek ve Düşürtmek başlığı altında incelenerek 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475 ve 476 numaralı maddelerinde bununla ilgili cezai düzenlemeler getirildi. 1927 yılında gerçekleştirilen nüfus sayımının, nüfus artışının istenen oranda gerçekleşmediğini göstermesiyle kürtaj ile ilgili çeşitli düzenlemelere gidildi. Önce 1930 tarihli 1593 sayılı Umumi Hıfzısıhha Kanununun 152 numaralı maddesi çocuk düşürmeyi sağlayan ilaçların satışı yasaklandı. Daha sonra bu konu 1936 tarihinde kabul edilen 3038 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanununun Bazı Maddelerini Değiştiren Kanun ile Eşhasa Karşı Cürümler başlığı altında Irkın Tümlüğü ve Sağlığı Aleyhine Suçlar içerisinde tanımlanarak 468, 469, 470, 471 472 numaralı maddelerle yeni düzenlemeler getirildi. Bu yasalarla kürtaj yasağı ile ilişkili çeşitli suçlar tanımlamıştır. Kürtajın yasadışı olmasıyla beraber evlilik dışı ilişki, tecavüz veya yoksulluk nedeniyle bebeğin bakımını sağlayamama kaygısıyla ilişkili istenmeyen gebelik yaşayan kadınlar devletin denetiminin dışında, sağlıksız ve güvensiz bir şekilde çocuk düşürmeye devam etmişlerdir. Güvensiz kürtaj yaptıran kadınlar üreme sağlığının bozulmasıyla karşılaşmışlar ya da çocuk düşürmek için kullandıkları ilaçlar nedeniyle yaşamlarını yitirmişlerdir. Bu türlü olaylarla ilişkili çocuk düşürme olayları ile ilgili haberler dönemin gazetelerinde yer almıştır. Yenidoğan cinayeti ya da çocuk terki suçlarının da kürtaj yasağı ile ilişkisi sorgulanmış ve yine basında yer alan ilgili haberler takip edilmiştir. Bu makale, belirtilen çerçevede kürtaj yasağı ile ilişkili suçları basındaki yansımaları ile örneklemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

CRIMES RELATED TO ABORTION PROHIBITION IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN PERIOD AND THEIR REFLECTIONS IN THE PRESS

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 28, pp.49-74

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323676

pISSN:

2146-4456

Fertility Rights

Reproductive Health

Abortion

Neonaticide

Infanticide

FilicideDoğurganlık Hakları

Üreme Sağlığı

Kürtaj

Neonatisit

İnfantisit

Filisit

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Yılmaz

Yayıncı: Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Belgi Dergisi Issue 28, pp.49-74

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001323676

pISSN: 2146-4456

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 28, pp.49-74

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323676

pISSN:

2146-4456