The Relationship between Labor and Freedom in Classical Social Theory

Şükriye Ulaşkın

Makale detayları

The Relationship between Labor and Freedom in Classical Social Theory

Yazarlar:

Şükriye Ulaşkın

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çalışma Ekonomisi | Sosyoloji | İş Sistemleri

Dergi:

Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi Issue 85, pp.31-41

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311365

pISSN:

1304-0103

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The agenda of classical social theory has been formed to understand social and economic developments, the effects of these developments on society, and suggestions for solving social problems. The emergence of capitalist production and its impacts on society are areas where the intellectual activities of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, known as founding sociologists, are concentrated. Changes in labor characteristics and the principles that shape working life have found a place among the various concepts and discussions of the founding sociologists, and a theoretical ground for understanding modern labor has been formed. Based on relevant theoretical discussions, the main goal of this article is to develop an inquiry into the possibility of considering the concepts of labor and freedom together. Consideration of freedom, one of the most ancient and deeply rooted issues in the history of thought, in the context of labor will help us understand in which situations labor can create an opportunity for freedom or, on the contrary, a different form of slavery. The historical tracking of the relationship between labor and freedom is another element aimed in this article, from masterslave duality in Ancient Greece to the modern worker who has the right to freely sell hisher own labor power. In precapitalist societies, the structure of freedom that excludes labor made labor respectable, along with 19th-century social thinking. Contrary to the precapitalist freedom structure that excludes labor, the 19th-century social thought elevated labor to a respectable position. In this context, the relationship established by classical social theorists between labor and freedom has been effective in breaking away from the traditional definition of labor and becoming a reality that cannot be ignored for daily life, and in this reality, it becomes a necessary and desirable position in terms of freedom from time to time.

 The agenda of classical social theory has been formed to understand social and economic developments, the effects of these developments on society, and suggestions for solving social problems. The emergence of capitalist production and its impacts on society are areas where the intellectual activities of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, known as founding sociologists, are concentrated. Changes in labor characteristics and the principles that shape working life have found a place among the various concepts and discussions of the founding sociologists, and a theoretical ground for understanding modern labor has been formed. Based on relevant theoretical discussions, the main goal of this article is to develop an inquiry into the possibility of considering the concepts of labor and freedom together. Consideration of freedom, one of the most ancient and deeply rooted issues in the history of thought, in the context of labor will help us understand in which situations labor can create an opportunity for freedom or, on the contrary, a different form of slavery. The historical tracking of the relationship between labor and freedom is another element aimed in this article, from masterslave duality in Ancient Greece to the modern worker who has the right to freely sell hisher own labor power. In precapitalist societies, the structure of freedom that excludes labor made labor respectable, along with 19th-century social thinking. Contrary to the precapitalist freedom structure that excludes labor, the 19th-century social thought elevated labor to a respectable position. In this context, the relationship established by classical social theorists between labor and freedom has been effective in breaking away from the traditional definition of labor and becoming a reality that cannot be ignored for daily life, and in this reality, it becomes a necessary and desirable position in terms of freedom from time to time.

 The agenda of classical social theory has been formed to understand social and economic developments, the effects of these developments on society, and suggestions for solving social problems. The emergence of capitalist production and its impacts on society are areas where the intellectual activities of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, known as founding sociologists, are concentrated. Changes in labor characteristics and the principles that shape working life have found a place among the various concepts and discussions of the founding sociologists, and a theoretical ground for understanding modern labor has been formed. Based on relevant theoretical discussions, the main goal of this article is to develop an inquiry into the possibility of considering the concepts of labor and freedom together. Consideration of freedom, one of the most ancient and deeply rooted issues in the history of thought, in the context of labor will help us understand in which situations labor can create an opportunity for freedom or, on the contrary, a different form of slavery. The historical tracking of the relationship between labor and freedom is another element aimed in this article, from masterslave duality in Ancient Greece to the modern worker who has the right to freely sell hisher own labor power. In precapitalist societies, the structure of freedom that excludes labor made labor respectable, along with 19th-century social thinking. Contrary to the precapitalist freedom structure that excludes labor, the 19th-century social thought elevated labor to a respectable position. In this context, the relationship established by classical social theorists between labor and freedom has been effective in breaking away from the traditional definition of labor and becoming a reality that cannot be ignored for daily life, and in this reality, it becomes a necessary and desirable position in terms of freedom from time to time.

 Toplumsal ve ekonomik gelişmelerin anlaşılması, bu gelişmelerin toplumda yarattığı etkiler ve toplumsal sorunların çözümüne ilişkin öneriler klasik sosyal teorinin gündemini oluşturmuştur. Yeni ortaya çıkan kapitalist üretim biçimi ve bunun toplumda yarattığı etkilerin anlaşılması kurucu sosyologlar olarak bilinen Karl Marx, Max Weber ve Emile Durkheimın fikri faaliyetlerinin yoğunlaştığı alanlardır. Emeğin niteliği ile çalışma yaşamına yön veren ilkelerdeki değişimler, kurucu sosyologların çeşitli kavram ve tartışmaları arasında kendine yer bulmuş ve modern emeğin anlaşılmasına yönelik teorik bir zemin oluşmuştur. Bu doğrultuda bu makalenin temel amacı klasik sosyal teorideki tartışmalardan yola çıkarak emek, iş, üretim gibi kavramların kesiştikleri asgari çağrışım üzerinden özgürlük fikriyle kurulan ilişkiselliği ortaya çıkarmaktır. Düşünce tarihinin kadim ve köklü meselelerinden biri olan özgürlüğün emek bağlamında ele alınması, emeğin hangi durumlarda özgürlük için bir imkân oluşturabileceğini veya aksine farklı türden bir kölelik biçimi yaratabileceğinin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Antik Yunandaki efendi-köle düalitesinden, kendi emek gücünü özgürce satma hakkına sahip modern çalışana gelene kadar, emek ve özgürlük arasındaki ilişkinin tarihsel takibi bu makalede amaçlanan bir diğer unsurdur. Bu amaçla klasik sosyal teori literatürü göz önünde bulundurularak yapılan kavramsal değerlendirmeler neticesinde bu makalede, kapitalizm öncesi toplum biçimlerinde özgürlüğün emeği dışlayan yapısının aksine 19. yüzyıl toplumsal düşüncesinin emeği saygın bir konuma yerleştirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda klasik sosyal teorisyenlerin emek ve özgürlük arasında kurdukları ilişki, emeğin geleneksel anlamından koparak gündelik yaşam için göz ardı edilemeyecek bir gerçekliğe, bu gerçeklik içinde zaman zaman özgürlük açısından çeşitli boyutlarıyla gerekli ve arzu edilen bir konuma gelmesinde etkili olmuştur.

Makale detayları

The Relationship between Labor and Freedom in Classical Social Theory

Yazarlar:

Şükriye Ulaşkın

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çalışma Ekonomisi | Sosyoloji | İş Sistemleri

Dergi:

Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi Issue 85, pp.31-41

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311365

pISSN:

1304-0103

Classical social theory

Labor

The division of labor

Rationalization

FreedomKlasik sosyal teori

Emek

İşbölümü

Rasyonelleşme

Özgürlük

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Şükriye Ulaşkın

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Çalışma Ekonomisi | Sosyoloji | İş Sistemleri

Dergi: Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi Issue 85, pp.31-41

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311365

pISSN: 1304-0103

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Şükriye Ulaşkın

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çalışma Ekonomisi | Sosyoloji | İş Sistemleri

Dergi:

Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi Issue 85, pp.31-41

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311365

pISSN:

1304-0103