INVALIDITY OF HYBRID AND VIRTUAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW: A COMPARATİVE ASSESSMENT BASED ON GERMAN LAW

Fatma Kesik

Makale detayları

INVALIDITY OF HYBRID AND VIRTUAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW: A COMPARATİVE ASSESSMENT BASED ON GERMAN LAW

Yazarlar:

Fatma Kesik

Yayıncı:

Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi:

Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 52, pp.551-598

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359368

pISSN:

1300-2929

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 With the rapid advancement of todays technologies and the widespread adoption of digital transformation processes, joint-stock companies have gained the ability to hold general assembly meetings not only in physical settings but also in electronic environments. This possibility has increased participation rates in meetings, especially in companies with international and extensive shareholder structures, making management processes more accessible. However, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift of companies towards hybrid and virtual general assemblies has created normative uncertainties regarding the effective exercise of shareholder rights and the validity of general assembly resolutions, bringing the restructuring of legislation to the agenda. In line with these developments, this study addresses virtual general assembly practices and the nullity grounds specific to virtual general assemblies, based on German law as the source of the Turkish Commercial Code. The question of whether it is possible under Turkish law to hold a general assembly entirely in a virtual environment is examined, and the strengths and weaknesses of both legal systems on this issue are revealed using the comparative law method. Finally, solution proposals are presented to address the normative gaps concerning the invalidity of virtualhybrid general assembly resolutions in Turkish law.

 With the rapid advancement of todays technologies and the widespread adoption of digital transformation processes, joint-stock companies have gained the ability to hold general assembly meetings not only in physical settings but also in electronic environments. This possibility has increased participation rates in meetings, especially in companies with international and extensive shareholder structures, making management processes more accessible. However, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift of companies towards hybrid and virtual general assemblies has created normative uncertainties regarding the effective exercise of shareholder rights and the validity of general assembly resolutions, bringing the restructuring of legislation to the agenda. In line with these developments, this study addresses virtual general assembly practices and the nullity grounds specific to virtual general assemblies, based on German law as the source of the Turkish Commercial Code. The question of whether it is possible under Turkish law to hold a general assembly entirely in a virtual environment is examined, and the strengths and weaknesses of both legal systems on this issue are revealed using the comparative law method. Finally, solution proposals are presented to address the normative gaps concerning the invalidity of virtualhybrid general assembly resolutions in Turkish law.

 With the rapid advancement of todays technologies and the widespread adoption of digital transformation processes, joint-stock companies have gained the ability to hold general assembly meetings not only in physical settings but also in electronic environments. This possibility has increased participation rates in meetings, especially in companies with international and extensive shareholder structures, making management processes more accessible. However, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift of companies towards hybrid and virtual general assemblies has created normative uncertainties regarding the effective exercise of shareholder rights and the validity of general assembly resolutions, bringing the restructuring of legislation to the agenda. In line with these developments, this study addresses virtual general assembly practices and the nullity grounds specific to virtual general assemblies, based on German law as the source of the Turkish Commercial Code. The question of whether it is possible under Turkish law to hold a general assembly entirely in a virtual environment is examined, and the strengths and weaknesses of both legal systems on this issue are revealed using the comparative law method. Finally, solution proposals are presented to address the normative gaps concerning the invalidity of virtualhybrid general assembly resolutions in Turkish law.

 Günümüz teknolojilerinin hızla ilerlemesi ve dijital dönüşüm süreçlerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte anonim şirketler, genel kurul toplantılarını yalnızca fiziki ortamda değil, elektronik ortamda da yapabilme imkânına kavuşmuştur. Bu imkân, uluslararası ve geniş hissedar yapısına sahip şirketlerde toplantılara katılım oranlarını arttırarak yönetim süreçlerinin daha erişilebilir kılmıştır. Ancak, COVID-19 pandemisi sonrası, şirketlerin hibrit ve sanal genel kurula yönelmesi, pay sahipliği haklarının etkin biçimde kullanımı ve genel kurul kararlarının geçerliliği bağlamında normatif belirsizlikler doğurmuş ve mevzuatın yeniden yapılandırılmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu gelişmeler doğrultusunda çalışmamızda; Türk Ticaret Kanununun mehâzı olan Alman hukuku temel alınarak, sanal genel kurul uygulamaları ve sanal genel kurul uygulamalarına özgü hükümsüzlük halleri ele alınmıştır. Türk hukukunda genel kurulun tamamen sanal ortamda gerçekleştirilmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı sorusu ele alınarak, her iki hukuk sisteminin konuya ilişkin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri karşılaştırmalı hukuk yöntemiyle ortaya konulmuştur. Son olarak, Türk hukukunda sanalhibrit genel kurul kararlarının hükümsüzlüğüne ilişkin normatif boşlukların giderilmesine yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Makale detayları

INVALIDITY OF HYBRID AND VIRTUAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW: A COMPARATİVE ASSESSMENT BASED ON GERMAN LAW

Yazarlar:

Fatma Kesik

Yayıncı:

Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi:

Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 52, pp.551-598

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359368

pISSN:

1300-2929

Virtual general assembly

hybrid general assembly

nullity

ınvalidity

annulability

AktG

TCCSanal genel kurul

hibrit genel kurul

yokluk

butlan

iptal edilebilirlik

AktG

TTK

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatma Kesik

Yayıncı: Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar: Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi: Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 52, pp.551-598

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001359368

pISSN: 1300-2929

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatma Kesik

Yayıncı:

Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişim ve Teknoloji Hukuku

Dergi:

Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 52, pp.551-598

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359368

pISSN:

1300-2929