CUMHURBAŞKANININ HALK TARAFINDAN SEÇİLMESİ VE CUMHURBAŞKANI SEÇİM KANUNU

Mehmet KAHRAMAN

Makale detayları

CUMHURBAŞKANININ HALK TARAFINDAN SEÇİLMESİ VE CUMHURBAŞKANI SEÇİM KANUNU

Yazarlar:

Mehmet KAHRAMAN

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Dergi:

The Journal of Social Economic Research 2012 Vol.12 Issue 23, pp.263-288

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2012

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000610606

Sıklık:

İki Yıllık

eISSN:

2148-3043

Özet:

 

2007 yılında, Cumhurbaşkanının doğrudan halk tarafından seçilmesini sağlamak amacıyla, Anayasada bazı önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Anayasa değişikliğinin gündeme gelmesi ile birlikte, bu değişikliğin gerek rejimin işleyişi üzerinde yol açacağı muhtemel sorunlar ve gerekse Cumhurbaşkanının konumu üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu tartışmalar devam ederken, 6271 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanı Seçim Kanunu yürürlüğe girmiştir. Kanunun yürürlüğe girmesiyle birlikte, tartışılan bazı sorunlara açıklık getirildiği, ancak konu hakkındaki tartışmaların sürdüğü görülmüştür. Cumhurbaşkanının halk tarafından seçilmesini öngören Anayasa değişikliği ile ilgili tartışmaların odağında, bu değişikliğin getireceği muhtemel sorunların yer aldığı görülmektedir. Ülkemizde Cumhurbaşkanları her zaman siyasal sistem üzerinde etkili olmuşlar ve belli dönemlerdeki müdahaleleriyle siyasal iktidarları yönlendirmişlerdir. İşte böylesine farklı konumda bulunan bir Cumhurbaşkanının doğrudan halk tarafından seçilmesinin bazı sorunlara yol açacağı açıktır. Bu sorunlardan ilki, hükümet sisteminin yapısının ve işleyişinin değişeceğine ilişkindir. Diğer sorunlar ise, Cumhurbaşkanının tarafsızlığını yitirecek olması ve Cumhurbaşkanı ile hükümet arasında yaşanması muhtemel çatışmalardır. Aynı şekilde, mevcut Cumhurbaşkanının görevinin ne zaman sona ereceği ve 12. Cumhurbaşkanı seçimlerinin hangi tarihte yapılacağı da kamuoyunun gündemini meşgul eden konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 2007 yılı Anayasa değişikliğinin beraberinde getirdiği sorunlar ve bu sorunların giderilmesi bağlamında Cumhurbaşkanı Seçim Kanunu hükümleri anayasa hukuku bakımından incelenmektedir.

 

There have been important changes in the Constitution in order to directly elect the
 president by the public. With these constitutional changes, there is also discussion about
 the impact of this change on the functioning of the regime and the position of the
 president in the system. While these discussions are taking place, a new Law on
 Presidential Elections was published in the official gazette on January 26, 2012 and came
 into effect. Although the Law on Presidential Elections answers many questions about the
 issue, the debate about the election of the president continues.
  In parliamentary systems, the head of state or the president is not responsible and
 does not have any powers, therefore the executive power belongs to the Council of
 Ministers, which has collective responsibility towards the legistature. Therefore, any
 changes in the election of the president in these systems brings about discussions on
 presidential objectivity.
 In parliamentary republics, there are different methods of electing the president. In
 some countries, the president is elected by the parliament and special committees while in
 some others the president is appointed directly. However, all parliamentary systems give
 executive powers to the prime minister and the Council of Ministers.
 There are also different methods of reelecting the president in different counrties. In
 some counrties, president is elected for a single term or for two consequtive terms while
 in some others there is no limit for reelection.
 It is evident that the method of election of president has an impact on the functioning
 of the regime. Therefore, there is always some concern that directly electing the president
 will increase its political legitimacy and also activate its symbolic powers. In
 parliamentary systems, regardless of their official titles, presidents have limited or
 symbolic powers and do not have any political responsibility. The most important
 problem of electing the president directly is that direct elections would change president’s
 objective and irresponsible position in the system.
 With the 2007 changes in the constitution, the president will be elected directly by the
 public for a five year term and a person can be elected for only two terms. Presidential
 candidates can only be named among members of the parliament or among individuals
 with characteristics necessary to be elected to the parliament by at least twenty members
 of the parliament or those political parties which received at least 10 percent of the
 popular vote in the latest general elections. The role of political parties in presidential
 candidate selection, the necessity of political party support for presidential candidates, and
 also the need to maintain this support for winning a second term in office all have some
 affect on the objectivity of the president. This is so because there is no way of maintaining
 objectivity with a need of political party support for election and reelection.
  The debate about the constitutional changes for directly electing the president in 2007
 centers around the possible problems of such a change. In our country, presidents have
 always played important roles in the political system. Although this increased power of
 the president stem from many reasons, some argue that the main reason for this
 importance is the 1982 constitution and its view of the consitutional court and the
 president as the guardian of the regime. Therefore, it is obvious that directly electiong a president with such kind of powers will have important consequences. The first of these
 problems is changes in the functioning and the structure of the governmental system.
 Other problems are about the loss of presidential objectivity and possible conflicts
 between the president and the government. At the same time, there are discussions about
 the term limit of the current president and the date of the twelfth presidential elections.
 In accordance with Article 102 of the Constitution which states that methods and
 principles of presidential elections would be regulated by law, a law on presidential
 elections has been prepared and came into effect on January 26th, 212. The purpose of
 the presidential elections law no. 6271 is to explain the methods and principles of
 presidential elections, qualities of presidential candidates, any measures necessary before,
 during and after the elections. According to the article 3 of the law which regulates the
 begining of the elections and the completion of the elections: ‘Presidential elections take
 place every five years. A person can be elected president for two terms at most.
 Presidential elections are completed within sixty days prior to the end of the term of the
 current president or in extraordinary circumstances such as death or resignation that
 requiries early election, presidential elections are completed within sixty days after the
 end of the presidency. The presidential election period starts on the sixtieth day before the
 end of the current president. In order to complete the elections, the Higher Electoral
 Council determines and announces the details of the electoral period’.
 This change in presidential election method without making presidential powers
 symbolic in accordance with the principles of parliamentary system can create conflicts
 between the president and the government and even a deadlock in the regime. These
 conflicts can escalate in case of divided government, that is, if the president’s political
 party is not the majority in the parliament.
 The new presidential elections law also allows presidential candidates to receive
 private donations and finanical aid. According to the article 14th of the law, presidential
 candidates can accept financial contributions and donations from individuals who are
 Turkish citizens. There is a limit to such kind of donations. The amount of such
 contributions form an individual cannot exceed the amount of the highest tax excuded
 salary tax of a civil servant in bureaucracy. In addition, the law prescribes several
 conditions to make sure that such contributions are transparent and under control.
 According to these rules, any contribution need to be registered, contributions in cash
 need to be deposited to the candidate’s bank account, any other contributions requires a
 receipt from the candidate.
 Althought the Law on Presidential Elections specify the status of civil servants if they
 become a presidential canddiate, it does not have any rules about the president and the
 prime minister if they become a presidential canddiate. Therefore, if a seating president is
 named a candidate for a second term, he or she does not need to leave the office.
 Opposition parties criticized this rule claiming that it is against the principle of equality
 in the constitution.
 The Law on 6271 article 1 explains that twelth presidential elections will be held in
 2014 and previous presidents including the eleventh president cannot be a candidate.
 There are several criticisms about the presidential election law both by opposition
 parties and by public opinion. Main opposition party took articles 5, 11, 14 and 21 and
 provisionary article 1 of the law to the Constitutional Court claiming that these articles are
 against the rule of law, article 2 of the Constitution, the principle that all powers stem
 from the Constitution, article 6 of the Constitution, the principle of equality in the article 10 of the Constitution, the principle that Constitutional rules are binding towards
 executive, legislature and judiciarty article 11 of the constitution, and also against other
 principles stated in the articles 67, 102 and 175 of the constitutiton.
 This study analyzes the problems with the constitutional changes in presidential
 elections and possible solutions to these solutions according to the principles of the
 constitutional law.

Makale detayları

CUMHURBAŞKANININ HALK TARAFINDAN SEÇİLMESİ VE CUMHURBAŞKANI SEÇİM KANUNU

Yazarlar: Mehmet KAHRAMAN

Yayıncı: Selcuk University

Dergi: The Journal of Social Economic Research 2012 Vol.12 Issue 23, pp.263-288

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2012

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2000610606

Sıklık: İki Yıllık

eISSN: 2148-3043

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet KAHRAMAN

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Dergi:

The Journal of Social Economic Research 2012 Vol.12 Issue 23, pp.263-288

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2012

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000610606

Sıklık:

İki Yıllık

eISSN:

2148-3043