Madrasa-Madhhab Relationship: Spatial Distribution and Typologies of Damascus Madrasas in Nuaymī’s al-Dāris

Harun Yılmaz

Makale detayları

Madrasa-Madhhab Relationship: Spatial Distribution and Typologies of Damascus Madrasas in Nuaymī’s al-Dāris

Yazarlar:

Harun Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.43-68

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351655

pISSN:

2717-6967

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This article examines the madrasa-madhhab relationship between the 5th 11th and 10th 16th centuries based on the book al-Dāris fī Tārīhi al-Madāris by the historian of Damascus, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Nuʿaymī d. 9271521, and discusses the spread of madrasas in the city over a period of nearly five centuries by spatially analyzing the data on madrasas. In addition, while evaluating the different views on the madrasa-madhhab relationship put forward in modern studies on the history of madrasas, the article also includes classical sources that constitute the basis for these views. In this respect, it is pointed out that al-Dāris, who deals with the history of educational institutions in Damascus, especially the madrasas, has an important place in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. Nuʿaymī classifies the madrasas in Damascus according to the Sunnī schools of law and provides systematic information about their benefactors, the date of their foundation, their location in the city, their foundations, their mudarrises, and many other issues. Nuʿaymī mentions that between the 11th and 16th centuries, 56 madrasas were established for the Shāfiʿīs, 47 for the Hanafīs, 11 for the Hanbalīs and 3 for the Mālikīs. In addition to these, 6 madrasas were endowed for the joint use of Shāfiʿīs and Hanafīs, and 1 madrasa was endowed for the mutual use of the followers of the four madhhabs. In this article, the city of Damascus was divided into seven main regions in the article, and as a result of the spatial analysis of the madrasas, the concentration points of madrasas and fiqh schools in the city were sought to be identified. The study argues that the dominant madhhab culture in the city had a significant impact on the shaping of madhhab identitites of madrasas as well as the madhhab affiliation of their endowers. The analysis of the madrasas established by the ruling dynasties in Damascus and their madhhab identities enables us to trace the periods in which the institutionalization of madrasas intensified and declined, identify the madhhabs associated with this trend, and examine the geographical distributions of madrasas and madhhabs following changes in the ruling dynasties.

 This article examines the madrasa-madhhab relationship between the 5th 11th and 10th 16th centuries based on the book al-Dāris fī Tārīhi al-Madāris by the historian of Damascus, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Nuʿaymī d. 9271521, and discusses the spread of madrasas in the city over a period of nearly five centuries by spatially analyzing the data on madrasas. In addition, while evaluating the different views on the madrasa-madhhab relationship put forward in modern studies on the history of madrasas, the article also includes classical sources that constitute the basis for these views. In this respect, it is pointed out that al-Dāris, who deals with the history of educational institutions in Damascus, especially the madrasas, has an important place in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. Nuʿaymī classifies the madrasas in Damascus according to the Sunnī schools of law and provides systematic information about their benefactors, the date of their foundation, their location in the city, their foundations, their mudarrises, and many other issues. Nuʿaymī mentions that between the 11th and 16th centuries, 56 madrasas were established for the Shāfiʿīs, 47 for the Hanafīs, 11 for the Hanbalīs and 3 for the Mālikīs. In addition to these, 6 madrasas were endowed for the joint use of Shāfiʿīs and Hanafīs, and 1 madrasa was endowed for the mutual use of the followers of the four madhhabs. In this article, the city of Damascus was divided into seven main regions in the article, and as a result of the spatial analysis of the madrasas, the concentration points of madrasas and fiqh schools in the city were sought to be identified. The study argues that the dominant madhhab culture in the city had a significant impact on the shaping of madhhab identitites of madrasas as well as the madhhab affiliation of their endowers. The analysis of the madrasas established by the ruling dynasties in Damascus and their madhhab identities enables us to trace the periods in which the institutionalization of madrasas intensified and declined, identify the madhhabs associated with this trend, and examine the geographical distributions of madrasas and madhhabs following changes in the ruling dynasties.

 This article examines the madrasa-madhhab relationship between the 5th 11th and 10th 16th centuries based on the book al-Dāris fī Tārīhi al-Madāris by the historian of Damascus, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Nuʿaymī d. 9271521, and discusses the spread of madrasas in the city over a period of nearly five centuries by spatially analyzing the data on madrasas. In addition, while evaluating the different views on the madrasa-madhhab relationship put forward in modern studies on the history of madrasas, the article also includes classical sources that constitute the basis for these views. In this respect, it is pointed out that al-Dāris, who deals with the history of educational institutions in Damascus, especially the madrasas, has an important place in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. Nuʿaymī classifies the madrasas in Damascus according to the Sunnī schools of law and provides systematic information about their benefactors, the date of their foundation, their location in the city, their foundations, their mudarrises, and many other issues. Nuʿaymī mentions that between the 11th and 16th centuries, 56 madrasas were established for the Shāfiʿīs, 47 for the Hanafīs, 11 for the Hanbalīs and 3 for the Mālikīs. In addition to these, 6 madrasas were endowed for the joint use of Shāfiʿīs and Hanafīs, and 1 madrasa was endowed for the mutual use of the followers of the four madhhabs. In this article, the city of Damascus was divided into seven main regions in the article, and as a result of the spatial analysis of the madrasas, the concentration points of madrasas and fiqh schools in the city were sought to be identified. The study argues that the dominant madhhab culture in the city had a significant impact on the shaping of madhhab identitites of madrasas as well as the madhhab affiliation of their endowers. The analysis of the madrasas established by the ruling dynasties in Damascus and their madhhab identities enables us to trace the periods in which the institutionalization of madrasas intensified and declined, identify the madhhabs associated with this trend, and examine the geographical distributions of madrasas and madhhabs following changes in the ruling dynasties.

 Bu makale Dımaşk tarihçisi Abdülkâdir en-Nuaymînin ö. 9271521 ed-Dâris fî târîhil-medâris adlı kitabından hareketle 5. 11.-10. 16. yüzyıllar arasında medrese-mezhep ilişkisini incelemekte, medreseler hakkında elde edilen verileri mekânsal analize tabi tutarak Dımaşkta yaklaşık beş asırlık süreçte medreselerin şehirdeki yayılımını ele almaktadır. Ayrıca makalede medrese tarihi hakkındaki modern çalışmalarda medrese-mezhep ilişkisi üzerine ortaya konulan farklı görüşler değerlendirilirken bu görüşlere dayanak teşkil eden klasik kaynaklara da yer verilmiştir. Bu açıdan medreseler başta olmak üzere Dımaşktaki eğitim kurumlarının tarihini müstakil olarak ele alan ed-Dârisin İslam telif geleneğinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğuna işaret edilmiştir. Dımaşktaki medreseleri Sünnî fıkıh mezheplerine göre tasnif eden Nuaymî, medreselerin vâkıfları, kuruldukları tarih, şehirdeki konumları, vakıfları, müderrisleri vb. pek çok konuda sistematik bilgiler vermiştir. Nuaymî 5.-10. 11.-16. yüzyıllar arasında Şâfiîler için 56, Hanefîler için 47, Hanbelîler için 11 ve Mâlikîler için ise 3 medrese kurulduğundan bahseder. Bunlar dışında 6 medrese Şâfiî ve Hanefîlerin, 1 medrese ise dört mezhep müntesiplerinin ortak kullanımı için vakfedilmiştir. Makalede Dımaşk yedi ana bölgeye ayrılmış ve medreselerin mekânsal analize tabi tutulması sonucunda şehirde medreselerin ve fıkıh mezheplerinin yoğunluk noktaları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Farklı sosyal statüdeki vâkıflar tarafından kurulan medreselerin mezhebî kimliklerinin şekillenmesinde vâkıflarının mezhebî kimliklerinin yanı sıra özellikle şehirdeki hâkim mezhebî kültürün önemli etkisinin olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Ele alınan dönemde Dımaşkta hüküm süren hanedanlar eliyle kurulan medreseler ve medreselerin mezhebî kimlikleri üzerinden gerçekleştirilen analizlerle şehirde medreseleşmenin sayısal olarak hangi dönemlerde ve hangi mezhepler adına yoğunlaşıp azaldığı takip edilebilmiş, ayrıca hanedan değişimleri sonrasında medreseleşmenin ve mezhebî hareketliliğin coğrafî seyrini takip etme imkânı da ortaya çıkmıştır.

Makale detayları

Madrasa-Madhhab Relationship: Spatial Distribution and Typologies of Damascus Madrasas in Nuaymī’s al-Dāris

Yazarlar:

Harun Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.43-68

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351655

pISSN:

2717-6967

Zangids

Ayyubids

Mamluks

Damascus

Madrasa

Madhhab

NuʿaymīZengîler

Eyyûbîler

Memlükler

Dımaşk

Medrese

Mezhep

Nuaymî

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Harun Yılmaz

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.43-68

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351655

pISSN: 2717-6967

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Harun Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.43-68

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351655

pISSN:

2717-6967