Non-Religious Music and Traveling Musician Traditions in Medieval Europe

Ali Doğan Nur; Hakan Bağcı

Makale detayları

Non-Religious Music and Traveling Musician Traditions in Medieval Europe

Yazarlar:

Ali Doğan Nur | Hakan Bağcı

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

Müzikoloji ve Etnomüzikoloji

Dergi:

Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 43, pp.1263-1284

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298797

pISSN:

1308-4445

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Although it is known that there are songs and dances belonging to different nations in the history of music, there are also songs and dances whose origins are unknown. Many of them are said to have originated in ancient times, some deriving from church music; others were created by travelling musicians in the Middle Ages. In addition to Gregorian chant, the melodic repertoire created by itinerant musicians, which evolved more naturally into a major-minor tonality, formed the basis of both religious and secular music in the following centuries. Travelling musicians, who were both poets and musicians, travelled from province to province, staying in towns and castles and spreading news and events through their songs. These talented and experienced poets-musicians based their fame on their poems and songs, especially those dealing with pure and noble love. Travelling musicians, who spread across Europe for centuries, were known by different names at different times, in different countries and regions. These travelling musicians were called troubadour in Southern France and Provence, trouvère in Northern France, minnesänger and later meistersinger in Germany and Austria, minstrel and gleeman in England, travatore in Italy and trovadortrobador in Spain. Apart from these, jongleur, ménestrel and goliard are also important representatives of this tradition. The common theme of the travelling musicians in their works is the mysterious love that they cannot reach. It is known that some travelling musicians, who sang, recited poetry and even danced while playing instruments, added a different dimension to music with the cymbals they wore on their bodies, and even performed one-man shows by juggling and clowning to music. In medieval Europe, non-religious songs and dances accompanied many aspects of everyday life, not only entertaining crowds in marketplaces but also adding colour to special events such as royal visits and religious festivals.

 Although it is known that there are songs and dances belonging to different nations in the history of music, there are also songs and dances whose origins are unknown. Many of them are said to have originated in ancient times, some deriving from church music; others were created by travelling musicians in the Middle Ages. In addition to Gregorian chant, the melodic repertoire created by itinerant musicians, which evolved more naturally into a major-minor tonality, formed the basis of both religious and secular music in the following centuries. Travelling musicians, who were both poets and musicians, travelled from province to province, staying in towns and castles and spreading news and events through their songs. These talented and experienced poets-musicians based their fame on their poems and songs, especially those dealing with pure and noble love. Travelling musicians, who spread across Europe for centuries, were known by different names at different times, in different countries and regions. These travelling musicians were called troubadour in Southern France and Provence, trouvère in Northern France, minnesänger and later meistersinger in Germany and Austria, minstrel and gleeman in England, travatore in Italy and trovadortrobador in Spain. Apart from these, jongleur, ménestrel and goliard are also important representatives of this tradition. The common theme of the travelling musicians in their works is the mysterious love that they cannot reach. It is known that some travelling musicians, who sang, recited poetry and even danced while playing instruments, added a different dimension to music with the cymbals they wore on their bodies, and even performed one-man shows by juggling and clowning to music. In medieval Europe, non-religious songs and dances accompanied many aspects of everyday life, not only entertaining crowds in marketplaces but also adding colour to special events such as royal visits and religious festivals.

 Although it is known that there are songs and dances belonging to different nations in the history of music, there are also songs and dances whose origins are unknown. Many of them are said to have originated in ancient times, some deriving from church music; others were created by travelling musicians in the Middle Ages. In addition to Gregorian chant, the melodic repertoire created by itinerant musicians, which evolved more naturally into a major-minor tonality, formed the basis of both religious and secular music in the following centuries. Travelling musicians, who were both poets and musicians, travelled from province to province, staying in towns and castles and spreading news and events through their songs. These talented and experienced poets-musicians based their fame on their poems and songs, especially those dealing with pure and noble love. Travelling musicians, who spread across Europe for centuries, were known by different names at different times, in different countries and regions. These travelling musicians were called troubadour in Southern France and Provence, trouvère in Northern France, minnesänger and later meistersinger in Germany and Austria, minstrel and gleeman in England, travatore in Italy and trovadortrobador in Spain. Apart from these, jongleur, ménestrel and goliard are also important representatives of this tradition. The common theme of the travelling musicians in their works is the mysterious love that they cannot reach. It is known that some travelling musicians, who sang, recited poetry and even danced while playing instruments, added a different dimension to music with the cymbals they wore on their bodies, and even performed one-man shows by juggling and clowning to music. In medieval Europe, non-religious songs and dances accompanied many aspects of everyday life, not only entertaining crowds in marketplaces but also adding colour to special events such as royal visits and religious festivals.

 Müzik tarihinde, farklı milletlere ait şarkı ve dansların var olduğu bilinmekle birlikte, bu şarkı ve danslar arasında kökeninin nereden geldiği bilinmeyenler de mevcuttur. Birçoğunun oldukça eski zamanlarda ortaya çıktığı, bazılarının kilise müziğinden türediği; bazılarının ise Orta Çağda gezgin müzisyenler tarafından oluşturulduğu söylenegelmiştir. Gregoryen ilahinin yanında, gezgin müzisyenler tarafından yaratılan ve daha doğal bir evrimle majör-minör tonaliteye doğru ilerleyen ezgi dağarı, ilerleyen yüzyıllarda hem dini hem de din dışı müziğin temelini oluşturmuştur. Hem şairlik hem de müzisyenlik yapan gezgin müzisyenler, eyaletten eyalete gezip kasaba ve şatolarda konaklayarak şarkıları aracılığıyla olay ve haberleri yaymışlardır. Bu yetenekli ve deneyimli şair-müzisyenler şöhretlerini, özellikle saf ve asil aşkı işledikleri şiir ve şarkılarına dayandırmışlardır. Yüzyıllar boyunca Avrupanın çeşitli bölgelerine yayılan gezgin müzisyenler, farklı zamanlarda, farklı ülke ve yörelerde değişik isimlerle tanınmışlardır. Bu gezgin müzisyenlere, Güney Fransa ve Provencete troubadour, Kuzey Fransada trouvère, Almanya ve Avusturyada başta minnesänger daha sonra meistersinger, İngilterede minstrel ve gleeman, İtalyada travatore, İspanyada ise trovadortrobador denilmiştir. Bunların dışında jongleur, ménestrel ve goliardlar da bu geleneğin önemli temsilcileridir. Gezgin müzisyenlerin, eserlerinde işledikleri ortak tema çoğunlukla ulaşamadıkları gizemli aşktır. Enstrüman çalarak şarkı söylen, şiir okuyan hatta dans eden bazı gezgin müzisyenlerin vücutlarına taktığı zillerle müziğe farklı bir boyut kazandırdığı, hatta müzik eşliğinde hokkabazlık ve soytarılık yaparak tek kişilik gösteriler sunduğu bilinmektedir. Orta Çağ Avrupasında din dışı şarkılar ve danslar, gündelik yaşamın birçok yönüne eşlik etmiş, hatta sadece pazar yerlerindeki kalabalıkları eğlendirmekle kalmayıp kraliyet ziyaretleri ve dini festivaller gibi özel etkinliklere de renk katmıştır.

Makale detayları

Non-Religious Music and Traveling Musician Traditions in Medieval Europe

Yazarlar:

Ali Doğan Nur | Hakan Bağcı

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

Müzikoloji ve Etnomüzikoloji

Dergi:

Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 43, pp.1263-1284

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298797

pISSN:

1308-4445

Travelling Musicians

Traveling Musician Traditions

Medieval European Music

Non-religious MusicGezgin Müzisyenlik

Gezgin Müzisyenlik Gelenekleri

Orta Çağ Avrupa Müziği

Din Dışı Müzik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ali Doğan Nur | Hakan Bağcı

Yayıncı: Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar: Müzikoloji ve Etnomüzikoloji

Dergi: Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 43, pp.1263-1284

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001298797

pISSN: 1308-4445

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ali Doğan Nur | Hakan Bağcı

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

Müzikoloji ve Etnomüzikoloji

Dergi:

Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 43, pp.1263-1284

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298797

pISSN:

1308-4445