An evaluation of the archaic elements in the vocabulary of Central Black Sea sub-dialects

Vehbi Akdi

Makale detayları

An evaluation of the archaic elements in the vocabulary of Central Black Sea sub-dialects

Yazarlar:

Vehbi Akdi

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer) | Sözlükbilim ve Anlambilim | Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue ISRIS 2025, pp.621-637

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350244

pISSN:

1309-9302

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Dialectology is the field that studies the branches of a stem language, such as dialects, accents, and sub-dialects, that emerge as a function of time and space. Dialects are formed by deep divergences within a language; accents by the threshold of mutual intelligibility among dialects; and sub-dialects by minor linguistic differences within accents. Following consolidation within its administrative borders, Türkiye Turkish comprises its own sub-dialects. The sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea regions Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat are classified within the Western group, one of the main groups of Türkiye Turkish in the general classification plan Karahan, 2014. Many linguistic units in the sub-dialects of Türkiye Turkish, from their vocabulary to their affixal and phonological elements, carry features from the older periods of Turkish. Such archaic elements in a language are considered archaic features. The definition, scope, and characteristics of archaism are described by Demirci 2022 as the tendency to use words, phrases, or syntactic structures belonging to older periods of the language, as linguistic units from an old period. Even if profound changes occur in a language, archaic elements can continue to be actively used in its modern variants Demirci, 2022, p. 26. In this study, evaluations were made on the usage and conceptual fields of archaic linguistic elements identified in the regions of Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat. It was identified that archaic elements originating from the Old Turkic period, specifically the emphatic particle oḳök, are still actively used in the sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea region. Additionally, the demonstrative particle ma, which appears in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk with the meaning here it is or take it, continues to be present in the sub-dialects of Türkiye Turkish. According to Gülensoy 1988, the final -n sound found in expressions, such as çıḳadıy ḳın and dediy kin, and the -m sound in forms like sonam, do not reflect natural phonological development, and these are archaic elements retained from earlier suffixes -ġına  -gine and -ma  -me used in older stages of the Turkish language Gülensoy, 1988, p. 69. The sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea region, which fall under the Western group of Türkiye Turkish, preserve phonological and morphological characteristics and lexical items that reflect features of early Turkish. Furthermore, these sub-dialects display similarities in the presence and semantic use of such archaic elements.

 Dialectology is the field that studies the branches of a stem language, such as dialects, accents, and sub-dialects, that emerge as a function of time and space. Dialects are formed by deep divergences within a language; accents by the threshold of mutual intelligibility among dialects; and sub-dialects by minor linguistic differences within accents. Following consolidation within its administrative borders, Türkiye Turkish comprises its own sub-dialects. The sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea regions Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat are classified within the Western group, one of the main groups of Türkiye Turkish in the general classification plan Karahan, 2014. Many linguistic units in the sub-dialects of Türkiye Turkish, from their vocabulary to their affixal and phonological elements, carry features from the older periods of Turkish. Such archaic elements in a language are considered archaic features. The definition, scope, and characteristics of archaism are described by Demirci 2022 as the tendency to use words, phrases, or syntactic structures belonging to older periods of the language, as linguistic units from an old period. Even if profound changes occur in a language, archaic elements can continue to be actively used in its modern variants Demirci, 2022, p. 26. In this study, evaluations were made on the usage and conceptual fields of archaic linguistic elements identified in the regions of Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat. It was identified that archaic elements originating from the Old Turkic period, specifically the emphatic particle oḳök, are still actively used in the sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea region. Additionally, the demonstrative particle ma, which appears in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk with the meaning here it is or take it, continues to be present in the sub-dialects of Türkiye Turkish. According to Gülensoy 1988, the final -n sound found in expressions, such as çıḳadıy ḳın and dediy kin, and the -m sound in forms like sonam, do not reflect natural phonological development, and these are archaic elements retained from earlier suffixes -ġına  -gine and -ma  -me used in older stages of the Turkish language Gülensoy, 1988, p. 69. The sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea region, which fall under the Western group of Türkiye Turkish, preserve phonological and morphological characteristics and lexical items that reflect features of early Turkish. Furthermore, these sub-dialects display similarities in the presence and semantic use of such archaic elements.

 Dialectology is the field that studies the branches of a stem language, such as dialects, accents, and sub-dialects, that emerge as a function of time and space. Dialects are formed by deep divergences within a language; accents by the threshold of mutual intelligibility among dialects; and sub-dialects by minor linguistic differences within accents. Following consolidation within its administrative borders, Türkiye Turkish comprises its own sub-dialects. The sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea regions Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat are classified within the Western group, one of the main groups of Türkiye Turkish in the general classification plan Karahan, 2014. Many linguistic units in the sub-dialects of Türkiye Turkish, from their vocabulary to their affixal and phonological elements, carry features from the older periods of Turkish. Such archaic elements in a language are considered archaic features. The definition, scope, and characteristics of archaism are described by Demirci 2022 as the tendency to use words, phrases, or syntactic structures belonging to older periods of the language, as linguistic units from an old period. Even if profound changes occur in a language, archaic elements can continue to be actively used in its modern variants Demirci, 2022, p. 26. In this study, evaluations were made on the usage and conceptual fields of archaic linguistic elements identified in the regions of Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat. It was identified that archaic elements originating from the Old Turkic period, specifically the emphatic particle oḳök, are still actively used in the sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea region. Additionally, the demonstrative particle ma, which appears in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk with the meaning here it is or take it, continues to be present in the sub-dialects of Türkiye Turkish. According to Gülensoy 1988, the final -n sound found in expressions, such as çıḳadıy ḳın and dediy kin, and the -m sound in forms like sonam, do not reflect natural phonological development, and these are archaic elements retained from earlier suffixes -ġına  -gine and -ma  -me used in older stages of the Turkish language Gülensoy, 1988, p. 69. The sub-dialects of the Central Black Sea region, which fall under the Western group of Türkiye Turkish, preserve phonological and morphological characteristics and lexical items that reflect features of early Turkish. Furthermore, these sub-dialects display similarities in the presence and semantic use of such archaic elements.

 Ağız bilimi, bir gövde dilin zaman ve mekâna bağlı olarak lehçe, şive ve ağız şeklinde dallanan alanlarını inceleyen alandır. Dil içerisindeki derin ayrılıklarla lehçeler, lehçelerde meydana gelen karşılıklı anlaşılabilirlik eşiğiyle şiveler, şivelerdeki küçük dil farklılıklarıyla ağızlar oluşmaktadır. İdari sınırlarla mütekâmil bir hâl alan Türkiye Türkçesi bünyesinde kendi ağızlarını barındırmaktadır. Orta Karadeniz yöreleri olan Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, Tokat ağızları genel sınıflandırma planında Türkiye Türkçesi ana gruplarından olan Batı grubunda yer almaktadır Karahan, 2014. Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında söz varlığından ek ve ses unsurlarına kadar birçok dil birimi Türkçenin eski devirlerinden kalma özellikler taşımaktadır. Bir dildeki bu gibi kalıntı ögeler arkaik unsurlar olarak değerlendirilir. Arkaizmin tanımı, kapsamı ve özellikleri Demirci tarafından 2022, dilin eski devirlerine ait kelime, öbek veya sentaktik yapılarının kullanılma eğilimi, eski döneme ait dil birimleri olarak tarif edilmiştir. Dilde derin değişikler meydana gelse de dilin modern varyantlarında arkaik ögeler aktif şekilde kullanılabilir Demirci, 2022, s. 26. Bu çalışmada Samsun, Ordu, Amasya, Çorum, Tokat yörelerinde tespit edilen kalıntı dil unsurlarının kullanımları ve kavram alanları üzerine değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır. Orta Karadeniz yöresi ağızlarında Eski Türkçe Döneminin oḳ  ök pekiştirme edatının kalıntılarının konuşurlar tarafından aktif olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber Dîvânu Lugâtit-Türkte ma olarak kullanılan ve işte şurada, al manasına kullanılan gösterme edatı Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında varlığını sürdürmektedir. Gülensoya 1988 göre çıḳadıy ḳın, dediy kin gibi kullanımlarda ortaya çıkan -n sesi ile sonam ve benzeri sözcüklerdeki -m sesinin doğal olmadığını ve bu kalıntı unsurların Türkçenin eski devirlerine ait -ġına  -gine ve -ma  -meden bakiye olduğunu ifade eder Gülensoy, 1988, s. 69. Orta Karadeniz ağızları, Türkçenin eski devirleriyle ilişkilendirilebilecek birtakım ses ve şekil özellikleriyle söz varlığına ait unsurlarını bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte söz konusu yöre ağızları, kalıntı ögeler ve bu ögelerin benzer semantik kullanımları bakımından benzeşmektedir.

Makale detayları

An evaluation of the archaic elements in the vocabulary of Central Black Sea sub-dialects

Yazarlar:

Vehbi Akdi

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer) | Sözlükbilim ve Anlambilim | Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue ISRIS 2025, pp.621-637

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350244

pISSN:

1309-9302

Dialectology

Orta Karadeniz regions

archaic elements

ma/me demonstrative adverbAğız bilimi

Orta Karadeniz yöreleri

kalıntı unsurlar

ma/me gösterme edatı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Vehbi Akdi

Yayıncı: Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar: Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer) | Sözlükbilim ve Anlambilim | Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi: Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue ISRIS 2025, pp.621-637

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350244

pISSN: 1309-9302

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Vehbi Akdi

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer) | Sözlükbilim ve Anlambilim | Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue ISRIS 2025, pp.621-637

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350244

pISSN:

1309-9302