Evaluation of the Provisions of Articles 41/II, 42/III ve 45 of the TCO Concerning the Protection of Third Parties Conducting Legal Transactions with an Unauthorized Representative

Duygu Koçakdiker

Makale detayları

Evaluation of the Provisions of Articles 41/II, 42/III ve 45 of the TCO Concerning the Protection of Third Parties Conducting Legal Transactions with an Unauthorized Representative

Yazarlar:

Duygu Koçakdiker

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk ve Beşeri Bilimler | Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.807-860

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321472

pISSN:

2146-7129

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 A person who acts on behalf of someone else without authority is an unauthorized agent. An action taken by an unauthorized representative will not be binding on the person represented unless approval is given Art. 46I of the TCO. The legislature protects the person represented by granting him or her the authority to approve whether he is bound by the transaction or not. However, exceptions to this general rule have been regulated to protect the third party who transacts with the representative by relying on the existence of the authority to represent Art. 41II, 42III, 44II, 45 of the TCO. Protection occurs in two ways. The first is that the transaction is considered valid despite unauthorized representation. The second is that the person represented or its successors who do not do what is necessary to take back the certificate of representation from the representative whose authority has expired are obliged to compensate the negative damages arising from this of bona fide third parties. Our subject covers cases where the trust of the third party is fully protected Art. 41II, 42III, 45 of the TCO. In cases where the third party is fully protected, the transaction carried out despite the lack of authority has its provisions and consequences and binds the represented party. Therefore, direct representation, not provisions regarding unauthorized representation, finds application.

 A person who acts on behalf of someone else without authority is an unauthorized agent. An action taken by an unauthorized representative will not be binding on the person represented unless approval is given Art. 46I of the TCO. The legislature protects the person represented by granting him or her the authority to approve whether he is bound by the transaction or not. However, exceptions to this general rule have been regulated to protect the third party who transacts with the representative by relying on the existence of the authority to represent Art. 41II, 42III, 44II, 45 of the TCO. Protection occurs in two ways. The first is that the transaction is considered valid despite unauthorized representation. The second is that the person represented or its successors who do not do what is necessary to take back the certificate of representation from the representative whose authority has expired are obliged to compensate the negative damages arising from this of bona fide third parties. Our subject covers cases where the trust of the third party is fully protected Art. 41II, 42III, 45 of the TCO. In cases where the third party is fully protected, the transaction carried out despite the lack of authority has its provisions and consequences and binds the represented party. Therefore, direct representation, not provisions regarding unauthorized representation, finds application.

 A person who acts on behalf of someone else without authority is an unauthorized agent. An action taken by an unauthorized representative will not be binding on the person represented unless approval is given Art. 46I of the TCO. The legislature protects the person represented by granting him or her the authority to approve whether he is bound by the transaction or not. However, exceptions to this general rule have been regulated to protect the third party who transacts with the representative by relying on the existence of the authority to represent Art. 41II, 42III, 44II, 45 of the TCO. Protection occurs in two ways. The first is that the transaction is considered valid despite unauthorized representation. The second is that the person represented or its successors who do not do what is necessary to take back the certificate of representation from the representative whose authority has expired are obliged to compensate the negative damages arising from this of bona fide third parties. Our subject covers cases where the trust of the third party is fully protected Art. 41II, 42III, 45 of the TCO. In cases where the third party is fully protected, the transaction carried out despite the lack of authority has its provisions and consequences and binds the represented party. Therefore, direct representation, not provisions regarding unauthorized representation, finds application.

 Yetkisi olmaksızın başkası adına ve hesabına hareket eden kişi yetkisiz temsilcidir. Yasa koyucu, yetkisiz temsilcinin yaptığı işlemle bağlı olup olmama noktasında, temsil olunana onama yetkisi tanıyarak onu korumaktadır. TBK m. 46I hükmünde, yetkisiz bir temsilcinin yaptığı işlemin, onay vermedikçe, temsil olunanı bağlamayacağı düzenlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kendisine bildirilen temsil yetkisinin varlığına ve kapsamına güvenerek temsilci ile işlem yapan üçüncü kişinin korunması amacıyla da bu genel kuralın istisnaları düzenlenmiştir TBK m. 41II, 42III, 44II, 45. Koruma, somut olayın özelliğine göre, temsil olunanın, yetkisiz temsile rağmen işlemle bağlı tutulması ya da yetkisi sona eren temsilciye daha önce verilen temsil belgesinin geri alınması için gerekeni yapmayan temsil olunan veya haleflerinin, iyiniyetli üçüncü kişilerin bundan doğan olumsuz zararını gidermesi yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Yetkisiz temsile rağmen temsil olunanın işlemle bağlı tutulması, üçüncü kişinin tam korunması, olumsuz zararın giderimi ise kısmi korunması olarak ifade edilmektedir. Konumuz üçüncü kişinin güveninin tam korunduğu halleri kapsamaktadır TBK m. 41II, 42III, 45. Üçüncü kişinin tam korunduğu hallerde yetki eksikliğine rağmen yapılan işlem hüküm ve sonuçlarını doğurmakta ve temsil olunanı bağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, işleme yetkisiz temsil yerine doğrudan temsile ilişkin hükümler uygulanmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Evaluation of the Provisions of Articles 41/II, 42/III ve 45 of the TCO Concerning the Protection of Third Parties Conducting Legal Transactions with an Unauthorized Representative

Yazarlar:

Duygu Koçakdiker

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk ve Beşeri Bilimler | Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.807-860

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321472

pISSN:

2146-7129

Direct Representation

Unauthorized Representative

Third Party

Trust

ProtectionDoğrudan Temsil

Yetkisiz Temsil

Üçüncü Kişi

Güven

Koruma

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Duygu Koçakdiker

Yayıncı: Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar: Hukuk ve Beşeri Bilimler | Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.807-860

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001321472

pISSN: 2146-7129

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Duygu Koçakdiker

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk ve Beşeri Bilimler | Sözleşme Hukuku

Dergi:

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.807-860

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321472

pISSN:

2146-7129