According to Greek Sources The Battalion of Philhellenes and The War of Peta

Ünsal Başak

Makale detayları

According to Greek Sources The Battalion of Philhellenes and The War of Peta

Yazarlar:

Ünsal Başak

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 34, pp.120-150

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001285130

pISSN:

2147-2610

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Greek Revolution, which started in 1821, could not be suppressed by the Ottoman Empire due to the difficult conditions of the period, and by 1822, the rebels were strong enough to elect a temporary government and take some important castles in the Peloponnese. However, the biggest shortcomings of rebels were financial support and experienced military personnel for a regular army. With the beginning of the rebellion, groups in European countries who were fans of Ancient Greece due to the classical education they received, openly declared support for the rebellion in line with the nationalism and romanticism movements of the period. These groups, which are called the Philhellenes, most of which are composed of aristocrats, soldiers, scientists and merchants, have made great efforts and been largely successful in turning public opinion in favor of the Greeks. In this study, it is aimed to make a general assesmnent of the European Philhellenes soldiers coming to Greece to participate in the rebellion between 1821-1822 and the activities of the unit called the Philhellenes Battalion, which they formed with the western military style. At the same time the differences of opinion about modern war and regular army on the Greek rebels and Battalion staff have been examined mainly by using Greek sources. When this battalion suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Peta, which took place on July 16, 1822, the ideas of the leaders of the Greek Revolt to establish a central government and a modern army could not be realized. However, along with other attempts by the Westerners to support the rebellion, the Battle of Peta and the Philhellenes Battalion have become an annual event in modern Greece, occupying more than it deserves in modern Greek historiography.

 The Greek Revolution, which started in 1821, could not be suppressed by the Ottoman Empire due to the difficult conditions of the period, and by 1822, the rebels were strong enough to elect a temporary government and take some important castles in the Peloponnese. However, the biggest shortcomings of rebels were financial support and experienced military personnel for a regular army. With the beginning of the rebellion, groups in European countries who were fans of Ancient Greece due to the classical education they received, openly declared support for the rebellion in line with the nationalism and romanticism movements of the period. These groups, which are called the Philhellenes, most of which are composed of aristocrats, soldiers, scientists and merchants, have made great efforts and been largely successful in turning public opinion in favor of the Greeks. In this study, it is aimed to make a general assesmnent of the European Philhellenes soldiers coming to Greece to participate in the rebellion between 1821-1822 and the activities of the unit called the Philhellenes Battalion, which they formed with the western military style. At the same time the differences of opinion about modern war and regular army on the Greek rebels and Battalion staff have been examined mainly by using Greek sources. When this battalion suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Peta, which took place on July 16, 1822, the ideas of the leaders of the Greek Revolt to establish a central government and a modern army could not be realized. However, along with other attempts by the Westerners to support the rebellion, the Battle of Peta and the Philhellenes Battalion have become an annual event in modern Greece, occupying more than it deserves in modern Greek historiography.

 The Greek Revolution, which started in 1821, could not be suppressed by the Ottoman Empire due to the difficult conditions of the period, and by 1822, the rebels were strong enough to elect a temporary government and take some important castles in the Peloponnese. However, the biggest shortcomings of rebels were financial support and experienced military personnel for a regular army. With the beginning of the rebellion, groups in European countries who were fans of Ancient Greece due to the classical education they received, openly declared support for the rebellion in line with the nationalism and romanticism movements of the period. These groups, which are called the Philhellenes, most of which are composed of aristocrats, soldiers, scientists and merchants, have made great efforts and been largely successful in turning public opinion in favor of the Greeks. In this study, it is aimed to make a general assesmnent of the European Philhellenes soldiers coming to Greece to participate in the rebellion between 1821-1822 and the activities of the unit called the Philhellenes Battalion, which they formed with the western military style. At the same time the differences of opinion about modern war and regular army on the Greek rebels and Battalion staff have been examined mainly by using Greek sources. When this battalion suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Peta, which took place on July 16, 1822, the ideas of the leaders of the Greek Revolt to establish a central government and a modern army could not be realized. However, along with other attempts by the Westerners to support the rebellion, the Battle of Peta and the Philhellenes Battalion have become an annual event in modern Greece, occupying more than it deserves in modern Greek historiography.

 1821 yılında başlayan Yunan İsyanı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun içinde bulunduğu dönemin zor şartları nedeniyle bastırılamamış, 1822 yılına gelindiğinde isyancılar kendilerine geçici bir hükümet seçecek ve Mora yarımadasında bazı önemli kaleleri alacak kadar güçlenmişti. Bununla birlikte isyancıların en büyük eksiklikleri; mali destek ve düzenli bir ordu için tecrübeli askeri personeldi. İsyanın başlamasıyla birlikte aldıkları klasik eğitim dolayısıyla Antik Yunan hayranı olan Avrupa ülkelerindeki gruplar tarafından dönemin milliyetçilik ve romantizm akımları doğrultusunda isyana açıkça destek ilan edilmişti. Önemli bir bölümü aristokratlar, askerler, bilim adamları ve tüccarlardan oluşan ve Filhelenler olarak adlandırılan bu gruplar, bulundukları ülkelerde kamuoyunun Yunanlılar lehine döndürülmesinde yoğun çaba harcamış ve büyük ölçüde başarılı olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, Avrupalı Filhelen askerlerin 1821-1822 yıllarında isyana katılmak için Yunanistana gelmeleri ve burada batı askeri tarzı ile oluşturdukları Filhelen Taburu olarak adlandırılan birliğin faaliyetleri, birliğin kurmayları ile Yunan asiler arasında savaş yöntemlerine yönelik tartışmalar ve dönemin Yunan liderleri arasında modern bir ordu kurulmasına yönelik görüş ayrılıkları, ağırlıklı olarak Yunanca kaynaklar kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu tabur 16 Temmuz 1822 tarihinde gerçekleşen Peta Savaşında ağır yenilgiye uğrayınca, Yunan İsyanı liderlerinin merkezi bir hükümet ve modern bir ordu kurulması yönündeki fikirleri de hayata geçirilememiştir. Bununla birlikte Batılıların isyana destek için yaptıkları diğer girişimlerle birlikte Peta Savaşı ve Filhelen Taburu, modern Yunan tarih yazımında hak ettiğinden daha fazla yer alarak, Yunanistanda her yıl anılan bir olay haline gelmiştir.

Makale detayları

According to Greek Sources The Battalion of Philhellenes and The War of Peta

Yazarlar:

Ünsal Başak

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 34, pp.120-150

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001285130

pISSN:

2147-2610

War of Peta

The Battalion of Philhellenes

Philhellenes

Mavrokordatos

Greek Revolution

Peta Savaşı

Yunan İsyanı

Filhelen

Mavrokordatos

Filhelen Taburu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ünsal Başak

Yayıncı: Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Dergi: Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 34, pp.120-150

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 2/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001285130

pISSN: 2147-2610

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ünsal Başak

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 34, pp.120-150

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001285130

pISSN:

2147-2610