BETWEEN LINE DEFENCE AND AREA DEFENCE: THE ISSUE OF ANKARA'S ABANDONMENT AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE AMERICAN PRESS

Engin Çağdaş Bulut

Makale detayları

BETWEEN LINE DEFENCE AND AREA DEFENCE: THE ISSUE OF ANKARA'S ABANDONMENT AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE AMERICAN PRESS

Yazarlar:

Engin Çağdaş Bulut

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Askeri Sosyoloji

Dergi:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.64 Issue 1, pp.515-537

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319792

pISSN:

2459-0150

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Turkish National Struggle has continued under great difficulties since the first day it started. The centre of the struggle was the Grand National Assembly of Turkey opened in Ankara. This steppe city in the centre of Anatolia faced a great danger after the Kütahya-Eskişehir Battles. In these battles, Afyon, Kütahya and Eskişehir were lost and there was a possibility that Greek forces might advance towards Ankara. Faced with this danger, the Turkish Government decided to transfer the Parliament from Ankara to another place. Thus, a panic emerged among the people of Ankara and migration movements accelerated. Although the American press had announced Sivas as the place to be moved to, Turkish sources had identified the city as Kayseri from the very beginning. However, this decision was met with resistance from members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, and the decision was revised to send only families, archives and weights. As many members of parliament were unwilling to withdraw without a fight, the Assembly was allowed to remain in Ankara. Towards the end of August, the fate of the Turkish army, which had retreated behind Sakarya, was again in a difficult situation. Mustafa Kemal Pasha personally decided to transfer the Turkish Parliament from Ankara for the second time, but before this decision could be implemented, the Turkish victory at Sakarya was finalized. With the Turkish offensive and advance, the debate on the transfer of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ended for a long time. Throughout this process, many preparations were made in Ankara and Kayseri. This study analyses the discussions on the transfer of Ankara, the preparations made and the situation in Ankara in the light of various archival documents, memoirs, American newspapers, official publications and other sources.

 The Turkish National Struggle has continued under great difficulties since the first day it started. The centre of the struggle was the Grand National Assembly of Turkey opened in Ankara. This steppe city in the centre of Anatolia faced a great danger after the Kütahya-Eskişehir Battles. In these battles, Afyon, Kütahya and Eskişehir were lost and there was a possibility that Greek forces might advance towards Ankara. Faced with this danger, the Turkish Government decided to transfer the Parliament from Ankara to another place. Thus, a panic emerged among the people of Ankara and migration movements accelerated. Although the American press had announced Sivas as the place to be moved to, Turkish sources had identified the city as Kayseri from the very beginning. However, this decision was met with resistance from members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, and the decision was revised to send only families, archives and weights. As many members of parliament were unwilling to withdraw without a fight, the Assembly was allowed to remain in Ankara. Towards the end of August, the fate of the Turkish army, which had retreated behind Sakarya, was again in a difficult situation. Mustafa Kemal Pasha personally decided to transfer the Turkish Parliament from Ankara for the second time, but before this decision could be implemented, the Turkish victory at Sakarya was finalized. With the Turkish offensive and advance, the debate on the transfer of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ended for a long time. Throughout this process, many preparations were made in Ankara and Kayseri. This study analyses the discussions on the transfer of Ankara, the preparations made and the situation in Ankara in the light of various archival documents, memoirs, American newspapers, official publications and other sources.

 The Turkish National Struggle has continued under great difficulties since the first day it started. The centre of the struggle was the Grand National Assembly of Turkey opened in Ankara. This steppe city in the centre of Anatolia faced a great danger after the Kütahya-Eskişehir Battles. In these battles, Afyon, Kütahya and Eskişehir were lost and there was a possibility that Greek forces might advance towards Ankara. Faced with this danger, the Turkish Government decided to transfer the Parliament from Ankara to another place. Thus, a panic emerged among the people of Ankara and migration movements accelerated. Although the American press had announced Sivas as the place to be moved to, Turkish sources had identified the city as Kayseri from the very beginning. However, this decision was met with resistance from members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, and the decision was revised to send only families, archives and weights. As many members of parliament were unwilling to withdraw without a fight, the Assembly was allowed to remain in Ankara. Towards the end of August, the fate of the Turkish army, which had retreated behind Sakarya, was again in a difficult situation. Mustafa Kemal Pasha personally decided to transfer the Turkish Parliament from Ankara for the second time, but before this decision could be implemented, the Turkish victory at Sakarya was finalized. With the Turkish offensive and advance, the debate on the transfer of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ended for a long time. Throughout this process, many preparations were made in Ankara and Kayseri. This study analyses the discussions on the transfer of Ankara, the preparations made and the situation in Ankara in the light of various archival documents, memoirs, American newspapers, official publications and other sources.

 Türk Milli Mücadelesi başladığı ilk günden beri büyük zorluklar içerisinde sürmüştür. Mücadelenin merkezi, Ankarada açılan Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi olmuştur. Anadolunun ortasında bulunan bu bozkır kenti Kütahya-Eskişehir Muharebelerinden sonra büyük bir tehlikeyle karşılaşmıştır. Bu muharebelerde Afyon, Kütahya ve Eskişehir kaybedilmiş, Yunan kuvvetlerinin Ankaraya doğru ilerleme ihtimali belirmişti. Bu tehlike karşısında Türk Hükümeti Meclisin Ankaradan başka bir yere nakline karar vermiştir. Böylece Ankaralılar arasında bir panik ortaya çıkmış ve göç hareketleri hızlanmıştır. Her ne kadar Amerikan basınında taşınacak yer Sivas olarak ilan edilse de Türk kaynaklarında bu şehrin Kayseri olduğu en başından beri kesin olarak belirlenmişti. Fakat TBMM üyelerinin direnişiyle karşılaşan bu karar, sadece aileler, arşivler ve ağırlıkların gönderilmesi şeklinde güncellenmiştir. Bir çok mebus savaşmadan geri çekilmek istemediği için Meclisin Ankarada kalması sağlanmıştır. Sakaryanın gerisine çekilen Türk ordusunun akibeti Ağustos ayı sonlarına doğru yeniden zor duruma düşmüştür. Bizzat Mustafa Kemal Paşa tarafından ikinci kez Ankaradan nakil kararı verilmiş ancak bu karar uygulanamadan Sakaryada Türklerin zaferi kesinleşmiştir. Türklerin taarruza kalkıp ilerlemesiyle birlikte TBMMnin nakli tartışmaları uzun süreliğine sona ermiştir. Bu süreç boyunca Ankarada ve Kayseride birçok hazırlık yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada çeşitli arşiv belgeleri, hatıratlar, Amerikan gazeteleri, resmi yayınlar ve diğer kaynaklar ışığında Ankaranın nakli tartışmaları, yapılan hazırlıklar ve Ankaradaki durum ele alınmıştır.

Makale detayları

BETWEEN LINE DEFENCE AND AREA DEFENCE: THE ISSUE OF ANKARA'S ABANDONMENT AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE AMERICAN PRESS

Yazarlar:

Engin Çağdaş Bulut

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Askeri Sosyoloji

Dergi:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.64 Issue 1, pp.515-537

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319792

pISSN:

2459-0150

Ankara

Kayseri

TGNA

National Struggle

Kütahya-Eskişehir Battles

Sakarya Pitched BattleAnkara

Kayseri

TBMM

Milli Mücadele

Kütahya-Eskişehir Muharebeleri

Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Engin Çağdaş Bulut

Yayıncı: Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar: Askeri Sosyoloji

Dergi: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.64 Issue 1, pp.515-537

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319792

pISSN: 2459-0150

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Engin Çağdaş Bulut

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Askeri Sosyoloji

Dergi:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.64 Issue 1, pp.515-537

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319792

pISSN:

2459-0150