Determination and Safety Evaluation of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural in Some Honey Samples by Using a Validated HPLC-DAD Method

Ebru Türköz Acar; Sinem Helvacıoğlu; Ahmet Aydın

Makale detayları

Determination and Safety Evaluation of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural in Some Honey Samples by Using a Validated HPLC-DAD Method

Yazarlar:

Ebru Türköz Acar | Sinem Helvacıoğlu | Ahmet Aydın

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry

Dergi:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.22 Issue 4, pp.519-527

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346454

pISSN:

2630-6344

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 A novel high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in 18 honey samples. An Agilent Poroshell 120 ECC18 150x3 mm 2.7µm particle sized column and isocratic elution with a 0.5 mLmin flow rate were used. The mobile phase was 10mM pH 2.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile and monitoring of analytes was carried on using a DAD detector at 284 nm wavelength. The method was validated according to USP guideline in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and range robustness and ruggedness. According to the obtained results, the concentration levels of hydroxymethylfurfural were between 19.56-209.42 mgkg in honey samples. Observed concentration values of HMF for 5 honey samples were higher than requirements and the highest level of hydroxymethylfurfural was observed in a thyme honey sample 209.42 mgkg. The concentration values of furfural found in honey samples were in the range of 0.34-2.23 mgkg. The highest level of furfura was determined in the thyme honey sample 2.23 mgkg also containing the highest concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural. In this study, the margins of exposure to furfural were also calculated for investigated honey samples. The margins of exposure for all analyzed samples were above the value of 100, indicating the safety of samples regarding to furfural exposure. The excessive hydroxymethylfurfural contents in some samples is a concerning point for public health and the national authority needs to increase its supervision on the honey.

 A novel high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in 18 honey samples. An Agilent Poroshell 120 ECC18 150x3 mm 2.7µm particle sized column and isocratic elution with a 0.5 mLmin flow rate were used. The mobile phase was 10mM pH 2.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile and monitoring of analytes was carried on using a DAD detector at 284 nm wavelength. The method was validated according to USP guideline in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and range robustness and ruggedness. According to the obtained results, the concentration levels of hydroxymethylfurfural were between 19.56-209.42 mgkg in honey samples. Observed concentration values of HMF for 5 honey samples were higher than requirements and the highest level of hydroxymethylfurfural was observed in a thyme honey sample 209.42 mgkg. The concentration values of furfural found in honey samples were in the range of 0.34-2.23 mgkg. The highest level of furfura was determined in the thyme honey sample 2.23 mgkg also containing the highest concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural. In this study, the margins of exposure to furfural were also calculated for investigated honey samples. The margins of exposure for all analyzed samples were above the value of 100, indicating the safety of samples regarding to furfural exposure. The excessive hydroxymethylfurfural contents in some samples is a concerning point for public health and the national authority needs to increase its supervision on the honey.

 A novel high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in 18 honey samples. An Agilent Poroshell 120 ECC18 150x3 mm 2.7µm particle sized column and isocratic elution with a 0.5 mLmin flow rate were used. The mobile phase was 10mM pH 2.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile and monitoring of analytes was carried on using a DAD detector at 284 nm wavelength. The method was validated according to USP guideline in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and range robustness and ruggedness. According to the obtained results, the concentration levels of hydroxymethylfurfural were between 19.56-209.42 mgkg in honey samples. Observed concentration values of HMF for 5 honey samples were higher than requirements and the highest level of hydroxymethylfurfural was observed in a thyme honey sample 209.42 mgkg. The concentration values of furfural found in honey samples were in the range of 0.34-2.23 mgkg. The highest level of furfura was determined in the thyme honey sample 2.23 mgkg also containing the highest concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural. In this study, the margins of exposure to furfural were also calculated for investigated honey samples. The margins of exposure for all analyzed samples were above the value of 100, indicating the safety of samples regarding to furfural exposure. The excessive hydroxymethylfurfural contents in some samples is a concerning point for public health and the national authority needs to increase its supervision on the honey.

 A novel high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in 18 honey samples. An Agilent Poroshell 120 ECC18 150x3 mm 2.7µm particle sized column and isocratic elution with a 0.5 mLmin flow rate were used. The mobile phase was 10mM pH 2.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile and monitoring of analytes was carried on using a DAD detector at 284 nm wavelength. The method was validated according to USP guideline in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and range robustness and ruggedness. According to the obtained results, the concentration levels of hydroxymethylfurfural were between 19.56-209.42 mgkg in honey samples. Observed concentration values of HMF for 5 honey samples were higher than requirements and the highest level of hydroxymethylfurfural was observed in a thyme honey sample 209.42 mgkg. The concentration values of furfural found in honey samples were in the range of 0.34-2.23 mgkg. The highest level of furfura was determined in the thyme honey sample 2.23 mgkg also containing the highest concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural. In this study, the margins of exposure to furfural were also calculated for investigated honey samples. The margins of exposure for all analyzed samples were above the value of 100, indicating the safety of samples regarding to furfural exposure. The excessive hydroxymethylfurfural contents in some samples is a concerning point for public health and the national authority needs to increase its supervision on the honey.

Makale detayları

Determination and Safety Evaluation of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural in Some Honey Samples by Using a Validated HPLC-DAD Method

Yazarlar:

Ebru Türköz Acar | Sinem Helvacıoğlu | Ahmet Aydın

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry

Dergi:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.22 Issue 4, pp.519-527

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346454

pISSN:

2630-6344

High performance liquid chromatography

honey

furfural

hydroxymethylfurfural

Sayı

Makale detayları

Determination and Safety Evaluation of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural in Some Honey Samples by Using a Validated HPLC-DAD Method

Yazarlar: Ebru Türköz Acar | Sinem Helvacıoğlu | Ahmet Aydın

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry

Dergi: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.22 Issue 4, pp.519-527

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001346454

pISSN: 2630-6344

High performance liquid chromatography

honey

furfural

hydroxymethylfurfural

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ebru Türköz Acar | Sinem Helvacıoğlu | Ahmet Aydın

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry

Dergi:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.22 Issue 4, pp.519-527

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346454

pISSN:

2630-6344