A Less Known Practice from Olympos Church No. 3 in the Light of Recent Finds: Mosaic Pavement on Wooden Upper Floor

Seçkin Evcim

Makale detayları

A Less Known Practice from Olympos Church No. 3 in the Light of Recent Finds: Mosaic Pavement on Wooden Upper Floor

Yazarlar:

Seçkin Evcim

Yayıncı:

Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301369

pISSN:

1309-047X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Various types of antique mosaics are mostly seen as installed to the ground on a thick foundation or laid onto wall and ceiling surfaces with setting bed. However, it is understood that the wooden upper floors could also covered with a layer of concrete surfaced with tile or tesserae, thanks to the instructions for floor construction in Vitruvius De Architectura and some few archaeological remains. Such floors and their application methods are not well known because archaeological data is limited due to this type of flooring -probably- was not common. In the excavations of the Lycian Olympos, materials found at the aisles of Church No. 3 indicating that such a pavement may have been applied in the opus tessellatum technique on the gallery floors above the aisles. According to the traces that can be seen today, the gallery floors of the church were constructed with timber joists and planks carried by the walls and nave arcades. The beam holes on the walls and the ruins of the nave arcades and galleries clearly show this. Mosaic fragments, tesserae, and subfloor materials which do not belong to the ground floor, were found just below the ruins of the nave arcades at both aisles, and these remains are thought to belong to the floor pavements of wooden constructed galleries. In this study, it is explained how the mosaic pavements were constructed on the wooden upper floor decks through the findings in Church No. 3 of Olympos with reference to some other examples.

 Various types of antique mosaics are mostly seen as installed to the ground on a thick foundation or laid onto wall and ceiling surfaces with setting bed. However, it is understood that the wooden upper floors could also covered with a layer of concrete surfaced with tile or tesserae, thanks to the instructions for floor construction in Vitruvius De Architectura and some few archaeological remains. Such floors and their application methods are not well known because archaeological data is limited due to this type of flooring -probably- was not common. In the excavations of the Lycian Olympos, materials found at the aisles of Church No. 3 indicating that such a pavement may have been applied in the opus tessellatum technique on the gallery floors above the aisles. According to the traces that can be seen today, the gallery floors of the church were constructed with timber joists and planks carried by the walls and nave arcades. The beam holes on the walls and the ruins of the nave arcades and galleries clearly show this. Mosaic fragments, tesserae, and subfloor materials which do not belong to the ground floor, were found just below the ruins of the nave arcades at both aisles, and these remains are thought to belong to the floor pavements of wooden constructed galleries. In this study, it is explained how the mosaic pavements were constructed on the wooden upper floor decks through the findings in Church No. 3 of Olympos with reference to some other examples.

 Various types of antique mosaics are mostly seen as installed to the ground on a thick foundation or laid onto wall and ceiling surfaces with setting bed. However, it is understood that the wooden upper floors could also covered with a layer of concrete surfaced with tile or tesserae, thanks to the instructions for floor construction in Vitruvius De Architectura and some few archaeological remains. Such floors and their application methods are not well known because archaeological data is limited due to this type of flooring -probably- was not common. In the excavations of the Lycian Olympos, materials found at the aisles of Church No. 3 indicating that such a pavement may have been applied in the opus tessellatum technique on the gallery floors above the aisles. According to the traces that can be seen today, the gallery floors of the church were constructed with timber joists and planks carried by the walls and nave arcades. The beam holes on the walls and the ruins of the nave arcades and galleries clearly show this. Mosaic fragments, tesserae, and subfloor materials which do not belong to the ground floor, were found just below the ruins of the nave arcades at both aisles, and these remains are thought to belong to the floor pavements of wooden constructed galleries. In this study, it is explained how the mosaic pavements were constructed on the wooden upper floor decks through the findings in Church No. 3 of Olympos with reference to some other examples.

 Antik çağın çeşitli tipteki mozaik uygulamaları günümüzde karşımıza çoğunlukla sağlam bir altyapı üzerine zemine serilmiş olarak veya yatak harcı ile duvar ve örtü sistemi yüzeylerine uygulanmış olarak çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Vitruviusun De Architectura adlı eserindeki zemin yapım talimatları ve bazı az sayıdaki arkeolojik kalıntı sayesinde ahşap üst kat zeminlerinin de konsantre alt katmanlı taş plakalarla veya tesseralarla kaplanabildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu yöntem ve uygulama şekli bu tip döşemelerin muhtemelen yaygın olmayışından dolayı arkeolojik verilerin yetersiz kalmasıyla pek fazla tanınmamaktadır. Olympos Antik Kenti kazılarında, 3 Nolu Kilisenin yan neflerinde bu tip bir döşemenin nefler üzerindeki galerilerin zemininde opus tessellatum tekniğinde uygulanmış olabileceğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Eldeki verilere göre kilisenin galerileri, duvarlar ve nef ayrımı tarafından taşınan ahşap kiriş ve kaplama ile oluşturulmuştur. Duvarlardaki kiriş yuvaları ve taşıyıcı sisteme ait yıkıntı bunu açık bir şekilde göstermektedir. Her iki yan nef zemini üzerinde ve nef ayrımına ait yıkıntının hemen altında nef zeminine ait olmayan, parçalanmış durumda mozaik parçalarına, tesseralara ve bunların alt tabakalarına dair kalıntılara rastlanmış olup, bu kalıntıların ahşap konstrüksiyonlu galerilerin zemin döşemesine ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Olympos 3 Nolu Kilisedeki bulgular üzerinden ahşap üst kat zeminlerine mozaik döşemelerin nasıl inşa edildiği diğer bazı örneklere de değinilerek açıklanmaktadır.

Makale detayları

A Less Known Practice from Olympos Church No. 3 in the Light of Recent Finds: Mosaic Pavement on Wooden Upper Floor

Yazarlar:

Seçkin Evcim

Yayıncı:

Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301369

pISSN:

1309-047X

Flooring methods

mosaic on wooden upper floor

Contignatio

Olympos

Early Byzantine basilicaDöşeme teknikleri

ahşap kat üzerine mozaik

Contignatio

Olympos

Erken Bizans bazilikası

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Seçkin Evcim

Yayıncı: Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar: Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi: Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001301369

pISSN: 1309-047X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Seçkin Evcim

Yayıncı:

Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301369

pISSN:

1309-047X