LEGAL REGULATIONS MADE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VILLAGE INSTITUTE (1937-1966)

Recep Büyüktolu; Oral Ateş

Makale detayları

LEGAL REGULATIONS MADE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VILLAGE INSTITUTE (1937-1966)

Yazarlar:

Recep Büyüktolu | Oral Ateş

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.319-354

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324150

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The village institutes were an important educational move that brought the values of Republican Turkey to the remotest corners of the country, brought the villagers together with the new regime, and aimed to integrate them and rural development. It is the product of the idea of realizing and developing economic, social and cultural activities that will facilitate life in the countryside with a modern and universal consciousness, as well as the educational activities needed in the villages. After the decisions taken in 1939 at the First Education Council, village institutes were first opened on April 17, 1940. Although these schools, which were given special importance by President İsmet İnönü and the Republican Peoples Party government, started their activities during Hasan Ali Yücels Ministry of National Education, the architect of the schools was İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, the General Director of Primary Education. In the following years, the number of these schools reached 21. The program implemented in these schools, which had a five-year education period, consisted of cultural courses, agricultural courses and practices, technical courses and practices, music and folklore practices. These schools, whose activities and graduates were the subject of great controversy from time to time, were closed down in 1954, during the presidency of Celal Bayar and the Democrat Party government, by being transformed into primary teacher schools. In our research, the legal arrangements made in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the reasons such as the opening, organization,elimination of the problems experienced and closure of the village institutes, which started to be discussed in the first half of the 1930s and continued their education and training activities in many parts of Turkey between 1940-1954, are included.

 The village institutes were an important educational move that brought the values of Republican Turkey to the remotest corners of the country, brought the villagers together with the new regime, and aimed to integrate them and rural development. It is the product of the idea of realizing and developing economic, social and cultural activities that will facilitate life in the countryside with a modern and universal consciousness, as well as the educational activities needed in the villages. After the decisions taken in 1939 at the First Education Council, village institutes were first opened on April 17, 1940. Although these schools, which were given special importance by President İsmet İnönü and the Republican Peoples Party government, started their activities during Hasan Ali Yücels Ministry of National Education, the architect of the schools was İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, the General Director of Primary Education. In the following years, the number of these schools reached 21. The program implemented in these schools, which had a five-year education period, consisted of cultural courses, agricultural courses and practices, technical courses and practices, music and folklore practices. These schools, whose activities and graduates were the subject of great controversy from time to time, were closed down in 1954, during the presidency of Celal Bayar and the Democrat Party government, by being transformed into primary teacher schools. In our research, the legal arrangements made in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the reasons such as the opening, organization,elimination of the problems experienced and closure of the village institutes, which started to be discussed in the first half of the 1930s and continued their education and training activities in many parts of Turkey between 1940-1954, are included.

 The village institutes were an important educational move that brought the values of Republican Turkey to the remotest corners of the country, brought the villagers together with the new regime, and aimed to integrate them and rural development. It is the product of the idea of realizing and developing economic, social and cultural activities that will facilitate life in the countryside with a modern and universal consciousness, as well as the educational activities needed in the villages. After the decisions taken in 1939 at the First Education Council, village institutes were first opened on April 17, 1940. Although these schools, which were given special importance by President İsmet İnönü and the Republican Peoples Party government, started their activities during Hasan Ali Yücels Ministry of National Education, the architect of the schools was İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, the General Director of Primary Education. In the following years, the number of these schools reached 21. The program implemented in these schools, which had a five-year education period, consisted of cultural courses, agricultural courses and practices, technical courses and practices, music and folklore practices. These schools, whose activities and graduates were the subject of great controversy from time to time, were closed down in 1954, during the presidency of Celal Bayar and the Democrat Party government, by being transformed into primary teacher schools. In our research, the legal arrangements made in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the reasons such as the opening, organization,elimination of the problems experienced and closure of the village institutes, which started to be discussed in the first half of the 1930s and continued their education and training activities in many parts of Turkey between 1940-1954, are included.

 Köy enstitüleri Cumhuriyet Türkiyesinin değerlerini ülkenin en ücra köşelerine kadar ulaştıran, köylüleri yeni rejimle buluşturan, kaynaştırmayı ve kırsal kalkınmayı amaçlayan önemli bir eğitim hamlesidir. Köylerde ihtiyaç duyulan öğretim faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra taşradaki yaşamı kolaylaştıracak ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetleri modern ve evrensel bir bilinçle gerçekleştirme, geliştirme düşüncesinin ürünüdür. 1939 yılında toplanan Birinci Maarif Şurasında alınan kararların ardından köy enstitüleri, ilk olarak 17 Nisan 1940 tarihinde açılmıştır. Cumhurbaşkanı İsmet İnönünün ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi iktidarının özel önem verdiği bu okullar Milli Eğitim Bakanı Hasan Ali Yücelin bakanlığı döneminde faaliyetlerine başlamış olsa da okulların mimarı İlköğretim Genel Müdürü İsmail Hakkı Tonguçtur. İlerleyen yıllarda bu okulların sayısı 21e ulaşmıştır. Beş yıllık bir eğitim öğretim süresine sahip bu okullarda uygulanan müfredat; kültür dersleri, tarım dersleri ile uygulamaları, teknik dersler ile uygulamaları, müzik ve folklor uygulamaları gibi çalışmalardan oluşmaktaydı. Faaliyetleri ve mezunları üzerine zaman zaman büyük tartışmaların yaşandığı bu okullar Celal Bayarın cumhurbaşkanlığı ve Demokrat Parti iktidarı döneminde, 1954 yılında, ilk öğretmen okullarına dönüştürülerek kapatılmıştır. Çalışmada 1930lu yılların ilk yarısında tartışılmaya başlanan ve 1940-1954 yılları arasında Türkiyenin pek çok yerinde eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetlerini sürdüren köy enstitülerinin açılması, teşkilatlanması, yaşanan aksaklıkların giderilmesi ve bu okulların kapatılması gibi gerekçelerle Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisinde yapılan yasal düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir.

Makale detayları

LEGAL REGULATIONS MADE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VILLAGE INSTITUTE (1937-1966)

Yazarlar:

Recep Büyüktolu | Oral Ateş

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.319-354

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324150

pISSN:

1300-0756

Village Institutes

Laws

Teacher Training Schools

İsmail Hakkı Tonguç

Education and TrainingKöy Enstitüleri

Yasalar

Öğretmen Okulları

İsmail Hakkı Tonguç

Eğitim ve Öğretim

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Recep Büyüktolu | Oral Ateş

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.319-354

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001324150

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Recep Büyüktolu | Oral Ateş

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.319-354

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324150

pISSN:

1300-0756