Muslim Turcophobia: A Study of Two Missionary Authors

Murat Köylü

Makale detayları

Muslim Turcophobia: A Study of Two Missionary Authors

Yazarlar:

Murat Köylü

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 3, pp.1101-1123

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310322

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Among Turks, major religions with universal messages have always been welcomed with tolerance. The fact that Turks generally did not convert to religions other than Islam led to the interpretation of Islam as the most suitable religion for the character and national culture of Turks, and for this reason, Turks accepted Islam voluntarily, not by force. The proximity of the Turks to the Muslim regions made it easier for them to become Muslims and they became Muslims in groups. The statement in the Qurānic Ayat âl -Kursi; His pulpit has encompassed the heavens and the earth كرسيه السموات والارض ولا يؤده حفظهما وهو العلي العظيم the similarity in the fact that Gök Tengri, which they have believed in since the beginning of their existence, is both in the sky and much closer to them closer than their jugular veins has facilitated the change of belief in the Turks. The seven stories of the sky, which their ancestors saw as Uçmak, the fact that hell is seven stories below the earth, free thought and tolerance in both religions and the fact that there is only one God religion. The compatibility of the belief in God with hundreds of years of customs and traditions facilitated the acceptance of the idea that Islam was a suitable religion for them. The enmity against Muslim Turks, which started in the Christian world with the progress of Turkish tribes towards the West after the adoption of Islam, has increased the efforts of fanatical missionary Christian writers to create prejudice with their publications, which are far from historical facts, to demonize Turks in the Western public opinion. The common characteristics of these writers are that they fictionalize alleged inhumane crimes against Christians and present them as if they were true, and that they unconditionally support Greeks and Armenians, whom they see as the real owners of Anatolia. In this way, they accelerated the spread of Islamophobia in Western public opinion, and the persecution and massacres of Muslims were ignored. However, neither the Holy Qurān, the Turks, nor the Prophet Muhammad deserve these accusations and slanders. However, the literature review revealed that no specific research thesis, book, article has been conducted on the subject. In this context, although Muslim-Turkish enmity has been used in different ways in original studies conducted by researchers, the impact of missionary activities that started especially in the 19th century and the main reasons for this enmity have not been investigated specifically by missionary writers. The publications of the two missionary authors researched in this study have not been translated into Turkish until today. As a methodology, the literature review on the impact of missionary and missionary activities on Muslim Turcophobia was applied in the form of the publications and analysis of the missionary authors taken as an example for the study during the period. The study aims to investigate the root causes of Muslim Turcophobia and to draw the attention of researchers to the issue in the context of two missionary writers George Horton d. 1942, Sir Edwin Pears d. 1919 who insulted, slandered, and attacked Muslims and saw Muslims as a threat to Christianity in the Turkish nation.

 Among Turks, major religions with universal messages have always been welcomed with tolerance. The fact that Turks generally did not convert to religions other than Islam led to the interpretation of Islam as the most suitable religion for the character and national culture of Turks, and for this reason, Turks accepted Islam voluntarily, not by force. The proximity of the Turks to the Muslim regions made it easier for them to become Muslims and they became Muslims in groups. The statement in the Qurānic Ayat âl -Kursi; His pulpit has encompassed the heavens and the earth كرسيه السموات والارض ولا يؤده حفظهما وهو العلي العظيم the similarity in the fact that Gök Tengri, which they have believed in since the beginning of their existence, is both in the sky and much closer to them closer than their jugular veins has facilitated the change of belief in the Turks. The seven stories of the sky, which their ancestors saw as Uçmak, the fact that hell is seven stories below the earth, free thought and tolerance in both religions and the fact that there is only one God religion. The compatibility of the belief in God with hundreds of years of customs and traditions facilitated the acceptance of the idea that Islam was a suitable religion for them. The enmity against Muslim Turks, which started in the Christian world with the progress of Turkish tribes towards the West after the adoption of Islam, has increased the efforts of fanatical missionary Christian writers to create prejudice with their publications, which are far from historical facts, to demonize Turks in the Western public opinion. The common characteristics of these writers are that they fictionalize alleged inhumane crimes against Christians and present them as if they were true, and that they unconditionally support Greeks and Armenians, whom they see as the real owners of Anatolia. In this way, they accelerated the spread of Islamophobia in Western public opinion, and the persecution and massacres of Muslims were ignored. However, neither the Holy Qurān, the Turks, nor the Prophet Muhammad deserve these accusations and slanders. However, the literature review revealed that no specific research thesis, book, article has been conducted on the subject. In this context, although Muslim-Turkish enmity has been used in different ways in original studies conducted by researchers, the impact of missionary activities that started especially in the 19th century and the main reasons for this enmity have not been investigated specifically by missionary writers. The publications of the two missionary authors researched in this study have not been translated into Turkish until today. As a methodology, the literature review on the impact of missionary and missionary activities on Muslim Turcophobia was applied in the form of the publications and analysis of the missionary authors taken as an example for the study during the period. The study aims to investigate the root causes of Muslim Turcophobia and to draw the attention of researchers to the issue in the context of two missionary writers George Horton d. 1942, Sir Edwin Pears d. 1919 who insulted, slandered, and attacked Muslims and saw Muslims as a threat to Christianity in the Turkish nation.

 Among Turks, major religions with universal messages have always been welcomed with tolerance. The fact that Turks generally did not convert to religions other than Islam led to the interpretation of Islam as the most suitable religion for the character and national culture of Turks, and for this reason, Turks accepted Islam voluntarily, not by force. The proximity of the Turks to the Muslim regions made it easier for them to become Muslims and they became Muslims in groups. The statement in the Qurānic Ayat âl -Kursi; His pulpit has encompassed the heavens and the earth كرسيه السموات والارض ولا يؤده حفظهما وهو العلي العظيم the similarity in the fact that Gök Tengri, which they have believed in since the beginning of their existence, is both in the sky and much closer to them closer than their jugular veins has facilitated the change of belief in the Turks. The seven stories of the sky, which their ancestors saw as Uçmak, the fact that hell is seven stories below the earth, free thought and tolerance in both religions and the fact that there is only one God religion. The compatibility of the belief in God with hundreds of years of customs and traditions facilitated the acceptance of the idea that Islam was a suitable religion for them. The enmity against Muslim Turks, which started in the Christian world with the progress of Turkish tribes towards the West after the adoption of Islam, has increased the efforts of fanatical missionary Christian writers to create prejudice with their publications, which are far from historical facts, to demonize Turks in the Western public opinion. The common characteristics of these writers are that they fictionalize alleged inhumane crimes against Christians and present them as if they were true, and that they unconditionally support Greeks and Armenians, whom they see as the real owners of Anatolia. In this way, they accelerated the spread of Islamophobia in Western public opinion, and the persecution and massacres of Muslims were ignored. However, neither the Holy Qurān, the Turks, nor the Prophet Muhammad deserve these accusations and slanders. However, the literature review revealed that no specific research thesis, book, article has been conducted on the subject. In this context, although Muslim-Turkish enmity has been used in different ways in original studies conducted by researchers, the impact of missionary activities that started especially in the 19th century and the main reasons for this enmity have not been investigated specifically by missionary writers. The publications of the two missionary authors researched in this study have not been translated into Turkish until today. As a methodology, the literature review on the impact of missionary and missionary activities on Muslim Turcophobia was applied in the form of the publications and analysis of the missionary authors taken as an example for the study during the period. The study aims to investigate the root causes of Muslim Turcophobia and to draw the attention of researchers to the issue in the context of two missionary writers George Horton d. 1942, Sir Edwin Pears d. 1919 who insulted, slandered, and attacked Muslims and saw Muslims as a threat to Christianity in the Turkish nation.

 Türkler arasında evrensel mesajlar içeren büyük dinler her zaman hoşgörü ile karşılanmıştır. Türklerin genellikle İslamiyet dışındaki dinlere geçmemeleri, İslamiyetin Türklerin karakterine ve milli kültürüne en uygun din olarak yorumlanmasına yol açmış, bu nedenle Türkler İslamiyeti zorla değil, gönüllü olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Türklerin, Müslüman Bölgelerine yakınlığı onların Müslüman olmasını kolaylaştırmış, topluluklar halinde Müslüman olmuşlardır. Kurân Ayeti- âl-Kürsideki ifadesi ile; Onun minberi gökleri ve yeri kuşatmıştır كرسيه السموات والارض ولا يؤده حفظهما وهو العلي العظيم, varoluşlarının başlangıcından beri inandıkları Gök Tengrinin hem Gökte hem de onlara çok daha yakın şah damarlarından daha yakın olmasındaki benzerlik Türklerdeki inanç değişimini kolaylaştırmıştır. Atalarının Uçmak olarak gördükleri yedi kat gök, cehennemin yerin yedi kat altında olması, her iki dinde de özgür düşünce ve hoşgörü olması, tek Tanrılı bir din olması. Allah inancının yüzlerce yıllık örf ve adetlerle uyumluluğu İslamiyetin kendilerine uygun bir din olduğu fikrinin kabulünü kolaylaştırmıştır. Türk kavimlerinin İslamiyeti kabulünden sonra Batıya doğru ilerleyişi ile de Hristiyan dünyasında başlayan Müslüman Türk düşmanlığı, fanatik misyoner Hristiyan yazarların, Türkleri, Batı kamuoyunda şeytanlaştırmaya yönelik, tarihi gerçeklerden çok uzak yayınlarıyla önyargı yaratma çabalarını artırmıştır. Bu yazarların ortak özellikleri; Hristiyanlara yönelik, insanlık dışı olduğu iddia edilen suçları kurgulayarak, gerçekmiş gibi sunmaları, Anadolunun gerçek sahibi olarak gördükleri Rum ve Ermenilere, koşulsuz destek vermeleridir. Böylelikle batı kamuoyunda İslamofobinin yayılmasını hızlandırmış, Müslümanlara yapılan zulüm ve katliamlar görmezden gelinirmiştir. Oysa bu itham ve iftiraları ne Kurân, ne Türkler, ne de Hz. Muhammet hak etmektedir. Ancak, yapılan literatür taramasında konuyla ilgili özel olarak bir araştırma tez, kitap, makale yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, Müslüman Türk düşmanlığı, araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan özgün çalışmalarda farklı şekillerde kullanılmış olsa da düşmanlığın, özellikle 19. Yüzyılda başlayan misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin etkisi ve temel nedenleri misyoner yazarlar özelinde araştırılmamıştır. Hatta çalışma kapsamında araştırılan iki misyoner yazarın yayınları bugüne kadar Türkçeye çevrilmemiştir. Metodoloji olarak, misyonerlik ve misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin Müslüman Türk düşmanlığına olan literatür taraması, dönem içinde çalışmaya örnek olarak alınan misyoner yazarların yayınları ve analizi şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Müslüman Türk düşmanlığı yapan misyoner yazarların Müslümanlığa karşı hakaret, iftira ve saldırılarının bulunduğu ve Türk milleti özelinde Müslümanlığı, Hristiyanlık karşısında bir tehdit olarak gören iki misyoner yazar George Horton öl. 1942, Sir Edwin Pears öl. 1919 özelinde Müslüman Türk düşmanlığının temel nedenlerini araştırmak ve araştırmacıların konuya dikkatini çekmektir.

Makale detayları

Muslim Turcophobia: A Study of Two Missionary Authors

Yazarlar:

Murat Köylü

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 3, pp.1101-1123

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310322

pISSN:

2528-9861

History of Religions

Muslim Turkophobia

Missionary

Sir Edwin Pears

George HortonDinler Tarihi

Müslüman Türk Düşmanlığı

Misyonerlik

Sir Edwin Pears

George Horton

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Murat Köylü

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 3, pp.1101-1123

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310322

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Murat Köylü

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 3, pp.1101-1123

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310322

pISSN:

2528-9861