The Concept of Ribā and the Term Interest from the Ḥanafī Jurisprudential Tradition to Financial Modernity

Ahmet Kavut; Nasi Aslan

Makale detayları

The Concept of Ribā and the Term Interest from the Ḥanafī Jurisprudential Tradition to Financial Modernity

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Kavut | Nasi Aslan

Yayıncı:

Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.311-337

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350352

pISSN:

2149-0872

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study comparatively analyzes the classical Ḥanafī jurisprudential concept of ribā and the contemporary economic concept of interest including usury. The primary objective of this research is to identify the conceptual boundaries of ribā within the Ḥanafī legal tradition and evaluate the extent to which these boundaries correspond to modern interest-based practices. According to the findings, various civilizations throughout history have either entirely prohibited or strictly regulated interest due to its disruptive societal effects. This historical reality indicates that opposition to interest cannot be reduced solely to a specific legal tradition or ideological stance. In Ḥanafī sources, ribā is treated in relation to concepts such as the uniformity of genus and measurement cins and miqdār, invalid contracts ʿuqūd fāsida, and any form of unilateral gain without due compensation, with particular attention given to its underlying legal cause ʿilla and its inherently ambiguous mujmal nature. In a modern context, the term interest is structurally differentiated into two distinct forms: regulatory, legally permitted interest interest and exploitative, usurious practices usury. The study concludes that the concepts of ribā and interest belong to distinct systems and therefore differ fundamentally in their definitions and implications. Nevertheless, due to an inclusive interpretation guided by caution, these terms have been evaluated within a narrow and cautious framework on a shared conceptual plane. However, it also concludes that certain types of contemporary interest practices aimed strictly at protecting against loss of value and governed by stringent conditions could potentially be reconsidered from a jurisprudential fiqhī perspective.

 This study comparatively analyzes the classical Ḥanafī jurisprudential concept of ribā and the contemporary economic concept of interest including usury. The primary objective of this research is to identify the conceptual boundaries of ribā within the Ḥanafī legal tradition and evaluate the extent to which these boundaries correspond to modern interest-based practices. According to the findings, various civilizations throughout history have either entirely prohibited or strictly regulated interest due to its disruptive societal effects. This historical reality indicates that opposition to interest cannot be reduced solely to a specific legal tradition or ideological stance. In Ḥanafī sources, ribā is treated in relation to concepts such as the uniformity of genus and measurement cins and miqdār, invalid contracts ʿuqūd fāsida, and any form of unilateral gain without due compensation, with particular attention given to its underlying legal cause ʿilla and its inherently ambiguous mujmal nature. In a modern context, the term interest is structurally differentiated into two distinct forms: regulatory, legally permitted interest interest and exploitative, usurious practices usury. The study concludes that the concepts of ribā and interest belong to distinct systems and therefore differ fundamentally in their definitions and implications. Nevertheless, due to an inclusive interpretation guided by caution, these terms have been evaluated within a narrow and cautious framework on a shared conceptual plane. However, it also concludes that certain types of contemporary interest practices aimed strictly at protecting against loss of value and governed by stringent conditions could potentially be reconsidered from a jurisprudential fiqhī perspective.

 This study comparatively analyzes the classical Ḥanafī jurisprudential concept of ribā and the contemporary economic concept of interest including usury. The primary objective of this research is to identify the conceptual boundaries of ribā within the Ḥanafī legal tradition and evaluate the extent to which these boundaries correspond to modern interest-based practices. According to the findings, various civilizations throughout history have either entirely prohibited or strictly regulated interest due to its disruptive societal effects. This historical reality indicates that opposition to interest cannot be reduced solely to a specific legal tradition or ideological stance. In Ḥanafī sources, ribā is treated in relation to concepts such as the uniformity of genus and measurement cins and miqdār, invalid contracts ʿuqūd fāsida, and any form of unilateral gain without due compensation, with particular attention given to its underlying legal cause ʿilla and its inherently ambiguous mujmal nature. In a modern context, the term interest is structurally differentiated into two distinct forms: regulatory, legally permitted interest interest and exploitative, usurious practices usury. The study concludes that the concepts of ribā and interest belong to distinct systems and therefore differ fundamentally in their definitions and implications. Nevertheless, due to an inclusive interpretation guided by caution, these terms have been evaluated within a narrow and cautious framework on a shared conceptual plane. However, it also concludes that certain types of contemporary interest practices aimed strictly at protecting against loss of value and governed by stringent conditions could potentially be reconsidered from a jurisprudential fiqhī perspective.

 Bu çalışma, Hanefî fıkıh geleneğinde ele alınan ribâ kavramı ile çağdaş ekonomik sistemde câri olan faiz ve tefecilik terimini karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle analiz etmektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, Hanefî fıkıh literatüründe ribâya dair kavramsal sınırları ortaya koymak ve bu sınırların çağdaş faiz uygulamalarıyla ne ölçüde örtüşüp örtüşmediğini değerlendirmektir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, tarih boyunca farklı medeniyetler, toplumsal düzeni bozucu etkilerinden ötürü faizi ya topyekûn kaldırma ya da düzenleme gereği duymuşlardır. Bu durum, faizle mücadelenin belirli bir hukuk sistemine veya belirli bir görüş ve fikriyata indirgenemeyeceğini göstermektedir. Hanefî kaynaklarda ribâ, cinsölçü birliği, fâsit akitler ve her türlü karşılıksız menfaat olarak ele alınmakta, özellikle illetinin ne olduğu ve mücmel niteliği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Modern bağlamda ise faiz terimi, interest düzenleyici, yasal faiz ile usury sömürüye dayalı tefecilik bağlamında yapısal bir ayrıma tabi tutulmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ribâ kavramı ve faiz teriminin farklı sistemlere ait tanımlamalar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmış; bununla birlikte, ihtiyata dayalı kapsayıcı yorum gereği, ribâfaiz tanımlamalarının aynı düzlemde, daraltıcı bir şekilde değerlendirildiği görülmüştür. Ancak, değer kaybının önlenmesini amaçlayan ve sıkı şartlarla sınırlı tutulan günümüz iktisadi anlamında bazı faiz türlerinin, fıkhî açıdan yeniden değerlendirilmesinin mümkün olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Makale detayları

The Concept of Ribā and the Term Interest from the Ḥanafī Jurisprudential Tradition to Financial Modernity

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Kavut | Nasi Aslan

Yayıncı:

Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.311-337

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350352

pISSN:

2149-0872

Islamic Law

Ḥanafī Jurisprudence

Ribā

Interest

Usuryİslâm Hukuku

Hanefî Fıkhı

Ribâ

Faiz

Tefecilik.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Kavut | Nasi Aslan

Yayıncı: Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.311-337

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350352

pISSN: 2149-0872

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Kavut | Nasi Aslan

Yayıncı:

Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.311-337

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350352

pISSN:

2149-0872