TEKELI TURKMANS IN THE SAFEVI STATE

Arif Sarı

Makale detayları

TEKELI TURKMANS IN THE SAFEVI STATE

Yazarlar:

Arif Sarı

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.179-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319630

pISSN:

1306-8253

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Safavidism, a Sunni sect that originated in Ardabil, evolved into Shiism, spread rapidly and became a political organization in a short time. Although many works have been written on this subject, the issue has not yet been revealed in all its aspects. There is a need for detailed studies, especially on the impact of the emergence of the Safavid state on the Ottoman Empire and Anatolian principalities. A review in this sense of the thesis put forward by the late Faruk Sümer about fifty years ago, that Turkmans went to Iran under the pressure of the Ottoman central administration, that the Safavids recruited population from Anatolia with the rebellions that broke out in the Ottoman lands directly at the shahs discretion, and that the Turkmans who moved to Iran gained a privileged life. When the Turcoman tribes included in the Safavid confederation are considered individually, it is determined that different factors were effective in their participation in the Safavid union. For example, the Tekeli Turkmans lived outside the Ottoman administration, in the lands of the Karamanoglu Principality, during the period when the Safavid sect spread and became a state. Contrary to what is claimed, the Safavid shah was not involved in the beginning of the Shah Kulu Baba rebellion, and it was not their first wish for the Tekeli Turkmans to move into Safavid territory after the rebellion. In fact, considering the losses suffered by the Tekeli Turkmans who went to Iran during the Safavid internal conflicts, they could not have a prosperous life compared to their situation in Anatolia. These findings indicate that the views that explain the migration of Turcoman tribes from Anatolia to Iran with the same reasons and assume that the Safavid state was established thanks to the population migrating from Anatolia contain anachronistic errors. In this sense, examining the relations of the Tekeli Turkmans with the Safavids by comparing contemporary Safavid and Ottoman sources is important in two respects. The first of these is to reveal the ways in which the Tekeli contacted the Safavid sect, the reason for the Shah Kulu rebellion and its outcome, and the situation of the Tekeli people who went to Iran within the Safavid state. The second expected benefit is to consider the other Turcoman tribes that were part of the Safavid confederation separately, through the Tekeli Turkmans example, thus presenting a new research model on Safavidism.

 Safavidism, a Sunni sect that originated in Ardabil, evolved into Shiism, spread rapidly and became a political organization in a short time. Although many works have been written on this subject, the issue has not yet been revealed in all its aspects. There is a need for detailed studies, especially on the impact of the emergence of the Safavid state on the Ottoman Empire and Anatolian principalities. A review in this sense of the thesis put forward by the late Faruk Sümer about fifty years ago, that Turkmans went to Iran under the pressure of the Ottoman central administration, that the Safavids recruited population from Anatolia with the rebellions that broke out in the Ottoman lands directly at the shahs discretion, and that the Turkmans who moved to Iran gained a privileged life. When the Turcoman tribes included in the Safavid confederation are considered individually, it is determined that different factors were effective in their participation in the Safavid union. For example, the Tekeli Turkmans lived outside the Ottoman administration, in the lands of the Karamanoglu Principality, during the period when the Safavid sect spread and became a state. Contrary to what is claimed, the Safavid shah was not involved in the beginning of the Shah Kulu Baba rebellion, and it was not their first wish for the Tekeli Turkmans to move into Safavid territory after the rebellion. In fact, considering the losses suffered by the Tekeli Turkmans who went to Iran during the Safavid internal conflicts, they could not have a prosperous life compared to their situation in Anatolia. These findings indicate that the views that explain the migration of Turcoman tribes from Anatolia to Iran with the same reasons and assume that the Safavid state was established thanks to the population migrating from Anatolia contain anachronistic errors. In this sense, examining the relations of the Tekeli Turkmans with the Safavids by comparing contemporary Safavid and Ottoman sources is important in two respects. The first of these is to reveal the ways in which the Tekeli contacted the Safavid sect, the reason for the Shah Kulu rebellion and its outcome, and the situation of the Tekeli people who went to Iran within the Safavid state. The second expected benefit is to consider the other Turcoman tribes that were part of the Safavid confederation separately, through the Tekeli Turkmans example, thus presenting a new research model on Safavidism.

 Safavidism, a Sunni sect that originated in Ardabil, evolved into Shiism, spread rapidly and became a political organization in a short time. Although many works have been written on this subject, the issue has not yet been revealed in all its aspects. There is a need for detailed studies, especially on the impact of the emergence of the Safavid state on the Ottoman Empire and Anatolian principalities. A review in this sense of the thesis put forward by the late Faruk Sümer about fifty years ago, that Turkmans went to Iran under the pressure of the Ottoman central administration, that the Safavids recruited population from Anatolia with the rebellions that broke out in the Ottoman lands directly at the shahs discretion, and that the Turkmans who moved to Iran gained a privileged life. When the Turcoman tribes included in the Safavid confederation are considered individually, it is determined that different factors were effective in their participation in the Safavid union. For example, the Tekeli Turkmans lived outside the Ottoman administration, in the lands of the Karamanoglu Principality, during the period when the Safavid sect spread and became a state. Contrary to what is claimed, the Safavid shah was not involved in the beginning of the Shah Kulu Baba rebellion, and it was not their first wish for the Tekeli Turkmans to move into Safavid territory after the rebellion. In fact, considering the losses suffered by the Tekeli Turkmans who went to Iran during the Safavid internal conflicts, they could not have a prosperous life compared to their situation in Anatolia. These findings indicate that the views that explain the migration of Turcoman tribes from Anatolia to Iran with the same reasons and assume that the Safavid state was established thanks to the population migrating from Anatolia contain anachronistic errors. In this sense, examining the relations of the Tekeli Turkmans with the Safavids by comparing contemporary Safavid and Ottoman sources is important in two respects. The first of these is to reveal the ways in which the Tekeli contacted the Safavid sect, the reason for the Shah Kulu rebellion and its outcome, and the situation of the Tekeli people who went to Iran within the Safavid state. The second expected benefit is to consider the other Turcoman tribes that were part of the Safavid confederation separately, through the Tekeli Turkmans example, thus presenting a new research model on Safavidism.

 Erdebilde neşet etmiş Sünni bir tarikat olan Safevîliğin Şiîliğe evrilerek hızla yayılması ve kısa sürede siyasî bir teşekkül halini alması tarihin müstesna hadiselerindendir. Bu konuda çok sayıda eser telif edilmiş olmakla beraber halen mesele tüm yönleriyle ortaya konulabilmiş değildir. Bilhassa Safevî devletinin ortaya çıkışının Osmanlı Devleti ve Anadolu beyliklerine tesiri hususunda etraflı tetkiklere ihtiyaç vardır. Merhum Faruk Sümerin yaklaşık elli yıl önce ileri sürdüğü, Türkmenlerin Osmanlı merkezi idaresinin tazyikiyle İrana gittikleri, Osmanlı topraklarında doğrudan şahın ihtiyariyle çıkan isyanlarla Safevîlerin Anadoludan nüfus devşirdikleri ve İrana geçen Türkmenlerin imtiyazlı bir hayata kavuştukları tezinin bu anlamda gözden geçirilmesi icap etmektedir. Zira Safevî konfederasyonuna dahil olan Türkmen boyları münferiden ele alındığında bunların Safevî birliğine katılmalarında farklı amillerin etkili olduğu tespit edilmektedir. Örneğin Tekeliler, Safevî tarikatının yayıldığı ve devletleştiği süreçte Osmanlı idaresinin dışında, Karamanoğullarının topraklarında yaşmaktaydılar. İddia edilenin aksine Şah Kulu Baba isyanının başlamasında Safevî şahının dahli olmadığı gibi isyan sonrasında Tekelilerin Safevî topraklarına geçmeleri de onların ilk arzusu değildi. Hatta İrana giden Tekelilerin Safevî iç çekişmelerinde uğradıkları zaiyata bakılırsa onlar Anadoludaki vaziyetlerine nazaran müreffeh bir hayata da kavuşamadılar. Bu tespitler Türkmen boylarının Anadoludan İrana göç etmelerini aynı gerekçelerle izah eden ve Safevî devletinin Anadoludan giden nüfus sayesinde kurulduğunu varsayan görüşlerin anakronik hatalar barındırdığına delalet etmektedir. Bu anlamda muasır Safevî ve Osmanlı kaynaklarının mukayesesiyle Tekelilerin Safevîlerle münasebetlerinin tetkiki iki bakımdan ehemmiyet kesp etmektedir. Bunlardan ilki Tekelilerin hangi yollarla Safevî tarikatıyla irtibat kurdukları, Şah Kulu isyanının ne sebeple çıktığı ve neticesi, İrana giden Tekelilerin Safevî devleti içerisindeki hallerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Beklenilen ikinci fayda ise Tekeliler örneği üzerinden Safevî konfederasyonunun parçası olan sair Türkmen boylarının da ayrı ayrı ele alınması böylece Safevîlik konusunda yeni bir araştırma modeli sunmaktır.

Makale detayları

TEKELI TURKMANS IN THE SAFEVI STATE

Yazarlar:

Arif Sarı

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.179-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319630

pISSN:

1306-8253

Safavidism

Tekeli Turkmans

Şahkulu rebellionSafevilik

Şah İsmail

Şah Tahmasb

Tekeli Türkmenleri

Şahkulu İsyanı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Arif Sarı

Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar: Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi: Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.179-198

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319630

pISSN: 1306-8253

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Arif Sarı

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.179-198

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319630

pISSN:

1306-8253