Family Model, Masculinity and Femininity Stressed in Republic Era High School Sociology Textbooks: Case of “Mehmet İzzet”

Nebile Eroğul

Makale detayları

Family Model, Masculinity and Femininity Stressed in Republic Era High School Sociology Textbooks: Case of “Mehmet İzzet”

Yazarlar:

Nebile Eroğul

Yayıncı:

Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji Eğitimi | Cinsiyet | Cinsellik ve Eğitim

Dergi:

Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1723-1747

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355668

pISSN:

2459-1912

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Together with the rise of the nation state understanding, textbooks have become a tool used for making citizens adopt the ideology of the government. In this context, this study analysed the family subject in a textbook, one of the first sociology textbooks written by Mehmet İzzet 1931 and taught in high schools during the Republic Era, using a qualitative method via content analysis. The reason for choosing Mehmet İzzets textbook in the study was because he had adopted a scientific point of view rather than social dogmatism. In the study, it was required to review the ideological discourses of masculinity and femininity practices simply because in the context of family institution, family is both a natural institution that existed in the past and an area of ideological discourse practice that has changed and been put in order in the historical process. In the study, it was found that femininity was stressed with discourses such as giving away a daughter in marriage, sinner Saliha, a higher state of femininity, whereas masculinity was stressed with discourses such as father as the head of household, masculinity continuing the bloodline, man as an obligation to adopt a son and man as the imam of his own household. In addition, it was considered that the family model stressed in the textbook was a modern nuclear family type due to the effect of social change and modernization. The textbook expressed that marriage obliged monogamy, and marriage and divorce in a family depended on certain conditions. It also expressed that although marriages contained specific troubles, husbands and wives needed to endure their marriage not to wreck the root of society and to raise healthy children.

 Together with the rise of the nation state understanding, textbooks have become a tool used for making citizens adopt the ideology of the government. In this context, this study analysed the family subject in a textbook, one of the first sociology textbooks written by Mehmet İzzet 1931 and taught in high schools during the Republic Era, using a qualitative method via content analysis. The reason for choosing Mehmet İzzets textbook in the study was because he had adopted a scientific point of view rather than social dogmatism. In the study, it was required to review the ideological discourses of masculinity and femininity practices simply because in the context of family institution, family is both a natural institution that existed in the past and an area of ideological discourse practice that has changed and been put in order in the historical process. In the study, it was found that femininity was stressed with discourses such as giving away a daughter in marriage, sinner Saliha, a higher state of femininity, whereas masculinity was stressed with discourses such as father as the head of household, masculinity continuing the bloodline, man as an obligation to adopt a son and man as the imam of his own household. In addition, it was considered that the family model stressed in the textbook was a modern nuclear family type due to the effect of social change and modernization. The textbook expressed that marriage obliged monogamy, and marriage and divorce in a family depended on certain conditions. It also expressed that although marriages contained specific troubles, husbands and wives needed to endure their marriage not to wreck the root of society and to raise healthy children.

 Together with the rise of the nation state understanding, textbooks have become a tool used for making citizens adopt the ideology of the government. In this context, this study analysed the family subject in a textbook, one of the first sociology textbooks written by Mehmet İzzet 1931 and taught in high schools during the Republic Era, using a qualitative method via content analysis. The reason for choosing Mehmet İzzets textbook in the study was because he had adopted a scientific point of view rather than social dogmatism. In the study, it was required to review the ideological discourses of masculinity and femininity practices simply because in the context of family institution, family is both a natural institution that existed in the past and an area of ideological discourse practice that has changed and been put in order in the historical process. In the study, it was found that femininity was stressed with discourses such as giving away a daughter in marriage, sinner Saliha, a higher state of femininity, whereas masculinity was stressed with discourses such as father as the head of household, masculinity continuing the bloodline, man as an obligation to adopt a son and man as the imam of his own household. In addition, it was considered that the family model stressed in the textbook was a modern nuclear family type due to the effect of social change and modernization. The textbook expressed that marriage obliged monogamy, and marriage and divorce in a family depended on certain conditions. It also expressed that although marriages contained specific troubles, husbands and wives needed to endure their marriage not to wreck the root of society and to raise healthy children.

 Ulus devlet anlayışının ortaya çıkması ile ders kitapları iktidarın ideolojisini bireylerine yerleştirmek için kullanılan bir araca dönüşmüştür. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, Cumhuriyet döneminde liselerde okutulan ilk sosyoloji ders kitaplarından Mehmet İzzet 1931 tarafından yazılan ders kitabının aile konusu, nitel bir yöntemle ele alınıp içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada Mehmet İzzetin yazmış olduğu ders kitabının seçilme nedeni İzzetin toplumsal dogmacılık yerine bilimsel şüphecilik bakış açısını benimsemiş olmasıdır. Araştırmada aile kurumu bağlamında hem ailenin geçmişte de var olan doğal bir kurum olması hem tarihsel süreç içerisinde değişen, çekidüzen verilen bir ideolojik söylem pratiği alanı olması nedeniyle kadınlık ve erkeklik pratiklerinin ideolojik söylemleri incelenme gereği duyulmuştur. Araştırmada kadınlığın kız verme, günahkâr Saliha, yüksek bir kadınlık hâli söylemleri ile erkekliğin ise evin reisi olarak baba, soyunu devam ettiren erkeklik, erkek evlat edinme zorunluluğu olan erkek ve kendi evinin imamı olarak erkek söylemleri ile vurgulandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte ders kitabında vurgulanan aile modeli olarak toplumsal değişme ve modernleşmenin etkisi ile muasır çekirdek aile modeli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Evliliğin tek eşliliği zorunlu kıldığı, ailede evliliğin ve boşanmanın belirli şartlara bağlandığı da ifade edilmektedir. Karı kocaların cemiyetin kökünü baltalamamak için evlilikleri bazı ıstıraplar taşısa da sağlıklı çocuklar yetiştirmek için evliliklerine katlanmaları gerektiğine de yer verilmektedir.

Makale detayları

Family Model, Masculinity and Femininity Stressed in Republic Era High School Sociology Textbooks: Case of “Mehmet İzzet”

Yazarlar:

Nebile Eroğul

Yayıncı:

Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji Eğitimi | Cinsiyet | Cinsellik ve Eğitim

Dergi:

Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1723-1747

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355668

pISSN:

2459-1912

Sociology teaching

Gender

Family model

Feminity

MasculinitySosyoloji öğretimi

Toplumsal cinsiyet

Aile modeli

Kadınlık

Erkeklik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Nebile Eroğul

Yayıncı: Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Sosyoloji Eğitimi | Cinsiyet | Cinsellik ve Eğitim

Dergi: Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1723-1747

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001355668

pISSN: 2459-1912

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Nebile Eroğul

Yayıncı:

Gazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji Eğitimi | Cinsiyet | Cinsellik ve Eğitim

Dergi:

Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1723-1747

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355668

pISSN:

2459-1912