Different Approaches in Interpreting the Mutashabih Verses: Zamakshari and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Example

Ahmet İşeri

Makale detayları

Different Approaches in Interpreting the Mutashabih Verses: Zamakshari and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Example

Yazarlar:

Ahmet İşeri

Yayıncı:

Adıyaman University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

İslami İlimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 15, pp.67-101

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322127

pISSN:

2587-1757

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The issue of understandinginterpreting the anthropomorphic expressions, which are types of metaphorical expressions in the Holy Quran and which are attributed to Almighty Allah, in a way befitting the glory of Allah, has remained up-to-date and has been discussed until today. The followers of this issue can also have evaluated mutashabih expressions, which have implicit meanings or may contain different meanings, as an area where their sectarian interpretations gain legitimacy. The fact that many issues vary from sect to sect, from the definition of the concepts of muhkam, mutashabih or tawil to the wisdom of mutashabihs, from the criteria required for a verse to be accepted in the muhkammutashabih category to the meanings attributed to such expressions, is accepted as the most concrete indicator of this situation. In order to better understand the subject, individual topics related to these important issues were first focused on. Subsequently, within the scope of the study, metaphors such as Allahs hand, face, eye, rope, paint, camel, trick, istiwa, istihza, mentioned in the verses and examined, and which are mentioned in the el-Kashshaf and Ahl al-Sunnah tafsir of Zamakhshari, an important figure of the Mutazili tafsir understanding and Râzîs works named Mefâtîḥul-ġayb, which are accepted as an important source were compared to each other. With this comparison, it was aimed to determine to what extent two exegetes with sectarian affiliations reflected their theological disagreements on the attributes of Allah in their interpretations of the relevant verses. While the Mutazila approached these metaphorical expressions based on the principle of monotheism of Usul al-Khamsa, on which they based their view that Allah has no attributes other than Himself, the Asharites, on the other hand, attributed meaning to these attributes of Allah on a basis whose quality and nature we do not know. In this sense, even though the background is different, since both schools have a pure stance against simile, they have brought very close interpretations to these allegorical expressions such as the attributes of Allah. Regarding the issue of Ruyatullah, Zamakhshari used the same verses as evidence to prove that Allah cannot be seen, while Razi used the same verses as evidence to prove that Allah can be seen. In this context, what makes our study different from the other studies in this field is that we try to explain the relationship of comments with presupposi-tionsbackground when appropriate. These topics, which find wide coverage in tafsir works, lead to significant studies today, especially in academic circles. All of these show that this issue remains fresh and that the last word cannot been said in the field.

 The issue of understandinginterpreting the anthropomorphic expressions, which are types of metaphorical expressions in the Holy Quran and which are attributed to Almighty Allah, in a way befitting the glory of Allah, has remained up-to-date and has been discussed until today. The followers of this issue can also have evaluated mutashabih expressions, which have implicit meanings or may contain different meanings, as an area where their sectarian interpretations gain legitimacy. The fact that many issues vary from sect to sect, from the definition of the concepts of muhkam, mutashabih or tawil to the wisdom of mutashabihs, from the criteria required for a verse to be accepted in the muhkammutashabih category to the meanings attributed to such expressions, is accepted as the most concrete indicator of this situation. In order to better understand the subject, individual topics related to these important issues were first focused on. Subsequently, within the scope of the study, metaphors such as Allahs hand, face, eye, rope, paint, camel, trick, istiwa, istihza, mentioned in the verses and examined, and which are mentioned in the el-Kashshaf and Ahl al-Sunnah tafsir of Zamakhshari, an important figure of the Mutazili tafsir understanding and Râzîs works named Mefâtîḥul-ġayb, which are accepted as an important source were compared to each other. With this comparison, it was aimed to determine to what extent two exegetes with sectarian affiliations reflected their theological disagreements on the attributes of Allah in their interpretations of the relevant verses. While the Mutazila approached these metaphorical expressions based on the principle of monotheism of Usul al-Khamsa, on which they based their view that Allah has no attributes other than Himself, the Asharites, on the other hand, attributed meaning to these attributes of Allah on a basis whose quality and nature we do not know. In this sense, even though the background is different, since both schools have a pure stance against simile, they have brought very close interpretations to these allegorical expressions such as the attributes of Allah. Regarding the issue of Ruyatullah, Zamakhshari used the same verses as evidence to prove that Allah cannot be seen, while Razi used the same verses as evidence to prove that Allah can be seen. In this context, what makes our study different from the other studies in this field is that we try to explain the relationship of comments with presupposi-tionsbackground when appropriate. These topics, which find wide coverage in tafsir works, lead to significant studies today, especially in academic circles. All of these show that this issue remains fresh and that the last word cannot been said in the field.

 The issue of understandinginterpreting the anthropomorphic expressions, which are types of metaphorical expressions in the Holy Quran and which are attributed to Almighty Allah, in a way befitting the glory of Allah, has remained up-to-date and has been discussed until today. The followers of this issue can also have evaluated mutashabih expressions, which have implicit meanings or may contain different meanings, as an area where their sectarian interpretations gain legitimacy. The fact that many issues vary from sect to sect, from the definition of the concepts of muhkam, mutashabih or tawil to the wisdom of mutashabihs, from the criteria required for a verse to be accepted in the muhkammutashabih category to the meanings attributed to such expressions, is accepted as the most concrete indicator of this situation. In order to better understand the subject, individual topics related to these important issues were first focused on. Subsequently, within the scope of the study, metaphors such as Allahs hand, face, eye, rope, paint, camel, trick, istiwa, istihza, mentioned in the verses and examined, and which are mentioned in the el-Kashshaf and Ahl al-Sunnah tafsir of Zamakhshari, an important figure of the Mutazili tafsir understanding and Râzîs works named Mefâtîḥul-ġayb, which are accepted as an important source were compared to each other. With this comparison, it was aimed to determine to what extent two exegetes with sectarian affiliations reflected their theological disagreements on the attributes of Allah in their interpretations of the relevant verses. While the Mutazila approached these metaphorical expressions based on the principle of monotheism of Usul al-Khamsa, on which they based their view that Allah has no attributes other than Himself, the Asharites, on the other hand, attributed meaning to these attributes of Allah on a basis whose quality and nature we do not know. In this sense, even though the background is different, since both schools have a pure stance against simile, they have brought very close interpretations to these allegorical expressions such as the attributes of Allah. Regarding the issue of Ruyatullah, Zamakhshari used the same verses as evidence to prove that Allah cannot be seen, while Razi used the same verses as evidence to prove that Allah can be seen. In this context, what makes our study different from the other studies in this field is that we try to explain the relationship of comments with presupposi-tionsbackground when appropriate. These topics, which find wide coverage in tafsir works, lead to significant studies today, especially in academic circles. All of these show that this issue remains fresh and that the last word cannot been said in the field.

 Kurân-ı Kerîmdeki müteşâbih ifadelerin bir türü olan ve Yüce Allaha izafe edilen insanbiçimciantropomorfik anlatımların, Allahın şanına yakışır bir şekilde anlaşılmasıyorumlanması meselesi güncelliğini koruyarak günümüze kadar tartışılagelmiştir. Anlamı kapalı veya farklı mânaları barındırabilen müteşâbih ifadeler, müntesipleri tarafından mezhebî yorumların meşruiyet kazanma alanı olarak da değerlendirilebilmiştir. Muhkem, müteşâbih veya tevil kavramlarının tanımından müteşâbihlerin hikmetlerine, bir âyetin muhkemmüteşâbih kategoride kabul edilmesi için şart koşulan kriterlerden bu tür ifadelere yüklenen anlamlara kadar birçok meselenin mezhepten mezhebe değişiklik göstermesi bu durumun en somut göstergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Konunun daha iyi anlaşılması için öncelikle bu önemli meselelerle ilintili müstakil başlıklar üzerinde duruldu. Akabinde ise çalışma kapsamında incelenen âyetlerde geçen Allahın eli, yüzü, gözü, ipi, boyası, deve-si, mekr, istivâ, istihzâ gibi müteşabihler; Mutezilî tefsir anlayışının önemli siması Zemah-şerînin el-Keşşâf ve Ehl-i sünnet tefsirinde mühim bir kaynak olarak kabul görmüş Râzînin Mefâtîḥul-ġayb isimli eserleri üzerinden mukayese edildi. Bu mukayese ile mezhebî aidiyetleri olan iki müfessirin, Allahın sıfatları konusundaki kelâmî ihtilaflarının, ilgili ayetlerin tefsirine ne kadar yansıttıklarının tespit edilmesi hedeflendi. Mutezile, Allahın zatı dışın-da hiçbir sıfatının olmayacağı görüşünü temellendirdiği usûl-i hamsenin tevhid prensibinden hareketle söz konusu müteşâbih lafızlara yaklaşırken; Eşârîler ise keyfiyetini ve mahiyetini bilemeyeceğimiz bir esas ile Allahın bu sıfatlarına anlam yüklemişlerdir. Bu mânada arka plan farklı olsa bile iki ekolün de teşbihe karşı tenzihî bir duruş sergilemelerinden dolayı Allahın sıfatları türdeki bu müteşâbih ifadelere çok yakın yorumlar getirmişlerdir. Rüyetullah meselesinde ise, Zemahşerî Allahın görülemeyeceğini, Râzî ise görülebileceğini ispatlamak için aynı âyetleri delil olarak kullanmışlardır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızı, bu minvaldeki diğer çalışmalardan farklı kılan özellik ise; yeri geldikçe yorumların varsa ön kabullerlearka planla ilişkisini açıklamaya çalışmamızdır. Tefsir eserlerinde kendisine geniş yer bulan bu konular, günümüzde özellikle akademik çevrede ciddi çalışmaların çıkmasına vesile olmuştur. Bütün bunlar hem bu konunun tazeliğini koruduğunu hem de bu alanda son sözün söylenemeyeceğini göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

Different Approaches in Interpreting the Mutashabih Verses: Zamakshari and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Example

Yazarlar:

Ahmet İşeri

Yayıncı:

Adıyaman University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

İslami İlimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 15, pp.67-101

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322127

pISSN:

2587-1757

Tafsir

Ta'wil

Tanzih

Sect

Mutashabih

Ru'yetullahTefsir

Te’vil

Tenzih

Müteşâbih

Mezhep

Rü'yetullah

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet İşeri

Yayıncı: Adıyaman University

Ana Başlıklar: Tefsir

Dergi: İslami İlimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 15, pp.67-101

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001322127

pISSN: 2587-1757

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet İşeri

Yayıncı:

Adıyaman University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

İslami İlimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 15, pp.67-101

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322127

pISSN:

2587-1757