FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN THE DETERMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN THE ATATURK PERIOD: THE ROLE OF THE OLDENBURG REPORT

Nurullah Kırkpınar

Makale detayları

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN THE DETERMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN THE ATATURK PERIOD: THE ROLE OF THE OLDENBURG REPORT

Yazarlar:

Nurullah Kırkpınar

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.733-789

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308180

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the early Republican Period, Turkey had serious problems in the field of agriculture. Those who shaped the agricultural policy of the period had to solve these problems in order to develop the new Turkey after the difficult war years. Turkeys economy was largely based on agriculture during this period. But the agricultural structure of the country had significant shortcomings. Foremost among these were the fields of agricultural education and research. In the postwar period in Turkey, the shortage of qualified manpower in almost every field also manifested itself in the field of agriculture. Despite some attempts, agriculture is still carried out by prudent methods throughout the country, and modern agricultural methods were not known enough. For this reason, important steps have been taken to develop agriculture since the first years of the Republic. Various reports were prepared through experts brought from abroad. In this context, in the first fifteenyear period of the Republic, Germany was the country that benefited the most in the field of agriculture. In 1928, Dr. Oldenburg from Germany was invited to develop and modernize agriculture. In line with the reports prepared by the experts in the Agriculture Committee, the countrys agricultural education-research policy was directed. Thus, after the World Economic Depression of 1929, important developments were made in the field of agriculture in Turkey. In this study, the transcription of the 152page Oldenburg Report, which is included in the catalogs of the Prime Ministers Office Republican Archive, was taken as a basis. The effects of the relevant records on the development of related fields in the context of agricultural educationresearch policies in Turkey were emphasized. The report of the Higher Agricultural Institute, which is an extremely important step in terms of the development of Turkish agriculture, in addition to its establishment, the reflections of the recommendations presented in line with the principles determined in the report on the agricultural education and research policies of the period will be examined.

 In the early Republican Period, Turkey had serious problems in the field of agriculture. Those who shaped the agricultural policy of the period had to solve these problems in order to develop the new Turkey after the difficult war years. Turkeys economy was largely based on agriculture during this period. But the agricultural structure of the country had significant shortcomings. Foremost among these were the fields of agricultural education and research. In the postwar period in Turkey, the shortage of qualified manpower in almost every field also manifested itself in the field of agriculture. Despite some attempts, agriculture is still carried out by prudent methods throughout the country, and modern agricultural methods were not known enough. For this reason, important steps have been taken to develop agriculture since the first years of the Republic. Various reports were prepared through experts brought from abroad. In this context, in the first fifteenyear period of the Republic, Germany was the country that benefited the most in the field of agriculture. In 1928, Dr. Oldenburg from Germany was invited to develop and modernize agriculture. In line with the reports prepared by the experts in the Agriculture Committee, the countrys agricultural education-research policy was directed. Thus, after the World Economic Depression of 1929, important developments were made in the field of agriculture in Turkey. In this study, the transcription of the 152page Oldenburg Report, which is included in the catalogs of the Prime Ministers Office Republican Archive, was taken as a basis. The effects of the relevant records on the development of related fields in the context of agricultural educationresearch policies in Turkey were emphasized. The report of the Higher Agricultural Institute, which is an extremely important step in terms of the development of Turkish agriculture, in addition to its establishment, the reflections of the recommendations presented in line with the principles determined in the report on the agricultural education and research policies of the period will be examined.

 In the early Republican Period, Turkey had serious problems in the field of agriculture. Those who shaped the agricultural policy of the period had to solve these problems in order to develop the new Turkey after the difficult war years. Turkeys economy was largely based on agriculture during this period. But the agricultural structure of the country had significant shortcomings. Foremost among these were the fields of agricultural education and research. In the postwar period in Turkey, the shortage of qualified manpower in almost every field also manifested itself in the field of agriculture. Despite some attempts, agriculture is still carried out by prudent methods throughout the country, and modern agricultural methods were not known enough. For this reason, important steps have been taken to develop agriculture since the first years of the Republic. Various reports were prepared through experts brought from abroad. In this context, in the first fifteenyear period of the Republic, Germany was the country that benefited the most in the field of agriculture. In 1928, Dr. Oldenburg from Germany was invited to develop and modernize agriculture. In line with the reports prepared by the experts in the Agriculture Committee, the countrys agricultural education-research policy was directed. Thus, after the World Economic Depression of 1929, important developments were made in the field of agriculture in Turkey. In this study, the transcription of the 152page Oldenburg Report, which is included in the catalogs of the Prime Ministers Office Republican Archive, was taken as a basis. The effects of the relevant records on the development of related fields in the context of agricultural educationresearch policies in Turkey were emphasized. The report of the Higher Agricultural Institute, which is an extremely important step in terms of the development of Turkish agriculture, in addition to its establishment, the reflections of the recommendations presented in line with the principles determined in the report on the agricultural education and research policies of the period will be examined.

 Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiyenin tarım alanında ciddi sorunları vardı. Dönemin tarım politikasına yön verenler zorlu savaş yıllarının ardından yeni Türkiyeyi kalkındırmak için bu sorunları çözmek durumundaydı. Türkiyenin ekonomisi bu dönemde büyük ölçüde tarıma dayanıyordu. Fakat, ülkenin tarımsal yapısının önemli eksiklikleri vardı. Bunların başında tarımsal eğitimaraştırma alanları geliyordu. Türkiyede savaş sonrası dönemde hemen her alanda karşılaşılan nitelikli insan gücü açığı, tarım sahasında da kendisini göstermişti. Tarım, kimi girişimlere karşın ülke genelinde hâlâ iptidai yöntemlerle yapılıyor modern tarım teknikleri yeterince bilinmiyordu. Bu sebeple Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren tarımı geliştirebilmek için önemli adımlar atıldı. Yurt dışından getirilen uzmanlar aracılığıyla çeşitli raporlar hazırlandı. Bu çerçevede Cumhuriyetin ilk on beş yıllık periyodunda tarım alanında en çok yararlanılan ülke Almanya oldu. 1928 yılında tarımın geliştirilmesi ve modernleştirilmesi için Almanyadan davet edilen Dr. Oldenburg ve Tarım Heyetinde yer alan bilim insanlarının hazırladıkları raporlar doğrultusunda ülkenin tarımsal modernleşme politikasına yön verildi. Böylece 1929 Dünya İktisadi Buhranı sonrasında Türkiyede tarım alanında önemli gelişmeler kaydedildi. Bu çalışmada, Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi katalogları arasında yer alan 152 sayfalık Oldenburg Raporunun transkripsiyonu temel alınarak, ilgili kayıtların Türkiyedeki tarımsal eğitimaraştırma politikaları bağlamında ilgili alanların gelişimine olan etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır. Raporun Türkiye tarımının gelişimi bakımından son derece önemli bir adımı olan Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsünün kuruluşunun yanı sıra raporda belirlenen esaslar doğrultusunda sunulan önerilerin dönemin tarımsal eğitimaraştırma politikalarına yansımaları incelenecektir.

Makale detayları

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN THE DETERMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN THE ATATURK PERIOD: THE ROLE OF THE OLDENBURG REPORT

Yazarlar:

Nurullah Kırkpınar

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.733-789

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308180

pISSN:

1300-0756

Republic of Turkey

Germany

Foreign Expert

Dr. Oldenburg and Agriculture Delegation

Agricultural Modernization.Türkiye Cumhuriyeti

Almanya

Yabancı Uzman

Dr. Oldenburg ve Tarım Heyeti

Tarımsal Modernleşme.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Nurullah Kırkpınar

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.733-789

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001308180

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Nurullah Kırkpınar

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.733-789

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308180

pISSN:

1300-0756