FIGHT AGAINST EPIDEMICS IN DİYARBAKIR (1934-1960)

Sevilay Özer; Esra Hep

Makale detayları

FIGHT AGAINST EPIDEMICS IN DİYARBAKIR (1934-1960)

Yazarlar:

Sevilay Özer | Esra Hep

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 27, pp.63-84

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310485

pISSN:

2146-4456

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Epidemic diseases are one of the greatest disasters humanity has encountered throughout history. The spread of these epidemics, which caused the death of thousands or even millions of people, increased even more during war periods and It has become almost impossible to fight these epidemics. The Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, established during the War of Independence, included the fight against epidemic diseases in the health program it prepared in 1925. Because diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, typhus and trachoma are run rampant in Anatolia. The people, who experienced the devastating effects of epidemics during the war years, were helpless against these diseases. Based on the bitter experiences, the Republic Governments first initiated work to eliminate these epidemics. There is almost no place in Anatolia where these diseases are not seen and Diyarbakır is one of these places, where diseases such as oriental boils, typhus, tuberculosis, smallpox and typhoid occur, although malaria and trachoma are common. In Diyarbakır, which was included in the malaria fight zone in 1936, the increase in the number of malaria cases during World War II reached a remarkable level. In 1945, Diyarbakırs malaria control area was expanded. It is noteworthy that Diyarbakır Peoples House played an active role in this struggle. Again, a treatment house was opened within the Diyarbakır Community Center in 1935 to struggle trachoma. The struggle continued with the opening of the Trachoma Hospital in 1937. Studies aimed at raising public awareness also constituted an important part of this process. Positive results were obtained from the fight against epidemics with preventive and therapeutic health services, the spread of diseases decreased and, as a result, the number of cases decreased. The sutreggle in Diyarbakır is also important as it constitutes an example of the struggle against epidemics across the country. In this study, the epidemics seen in Diyarbakır and the fight against these epidemics and their results were tried to be revealed by using the archive documents in the Presidency State Archives Directorate, official publications, periodicals and literatüre.

 Epidemic diseases are one of the greatest disasters humanity has encountered throughout history. The spread of these epidemics, which caused the death of thousands or even millions of people, increased even more during war periods and It has become almost impossible to fight these epidemics. The Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, established during the War of Independence, included the fight against epidemic diseases in the health program it prepared in 1925. Because diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, typhus and trachoma are run rampant in Anatolia. The people, who experienced the devastating effects of epidemics during the war years, were helpless against these diseases. Based on the bitter experiences, the Republic Governments first initiated work to eliminate these epidemics. There is almost no place in Anatolia where these diseases are not seen and Diyarbakır is one of these places, where diseases such as oriental boils, typhus, tuberculosis, smallpox and typhoid occur, although malaria and trachoma are common. In Diyarbakır, which was included in the malaria fight zone in 1936, the increase in the number of malaria cases during World War II reached a remarkable level. In 1945, Diyarbakırs malaria control area was expanded. It is noteworthy that Diyarbakır Peoples House played an active role in this struggle. Again, a treatment house was opened within the Diyarbakır Community Center in 1935 to struggle trachoma. The struggle continued with the opening of the Trachoma Hospital in 1937. Studies aimed at raising public awareness also constituted an important part of this process. Positive results were obtained from the fight against epidemics with preventive and therapeutic health services, the spread of diseases decreased and, as a result, the number of cases decreased. The sutreggle in Diyarbakır is also important as it constitutes an example of the struggle against epidemics across the country. In this study, the epidemics seen in Diyarbakır and the fight against these epidemics and their results were tried to be revealed by using the archive documents in the Presidency State Archives Directorate, official publications, periodicals and literatüre.

 Epidemic diseases are one of the greatest disasters humanity has encountered throughout history. The spread of these epidemics, which caused the death of thousands or even millions of people, increased even more during war periods and It has become almost impossible to fight these epidemics. The Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, established during the War of Independence, included the fight against epidemic diseases in the health program it prepared in 1925. Because diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, typhus and trachoma are run rampant in Anatolia. The people, who experienced the devastating effects of epidemics during the war years, were helpless against these diseases. Based on the bitter experiences, the Republic Governments first initiated work to eliminate these epidemics. There is almost no place in Anatolia where these diseases are not seen and Diyarbakır is one of these places, where diseases such as oriental boils, typhus, tuberculosis, smallpox and typhoid occur, although malaria and trachoma are common. In Diyarbakır, which was included in the malaria fight zone in 1936, the increase in the number of malaria cases during World War II reached a remarkable level. In 1945, Diyarbakırs malaria control area was expanded. It is noteworthy that Diyarbakır Peoples House played an active role in this struggle. Again, a treatment house was opened within the Diyarbakır Community Center in 1935 to struggle trachoma. The struggle continued with the opening of the Trachoma Hospital in 1937. Studies aimed at raising public awareness also constituted an important part of this process. Positive results were obtained from the fight against epidemics with preventive and therapeutic health services, the spread of diseases decreased and, as a result, the number of cases decreased. The sutreggle in Diyarbakır is also important as it constitutes an example of the struggle against epidemics across the country. In this study, the epidemics seen in Diyarbakır and the fight against these epidemics and their results were tried to be revealed by using the archive documents in the Presidency State Archives Directorate, official publications, periodicals and literatüre.

 Salgın hastalıklar tarih boyunca insanlığın karşılaştığı en büyük felaketlerden biridir. Binlerce hatta milyonlarca kişinin ölümüne neden olan bu salgınların savaş dönemlerinde yayılma hızı daha da artmış ve bu salgınlarla mücadele etmek neredeyse imkânsız hale gelmiştir. Milli Mücadele Döneminde kurulan Sıhhiye ve Muavenet-i İçtimaiye Vekâleti, 1925 yılında hazırladığı sağlık programında salgın hastalıklarla mücadeleye yer vermiştir. Zira Anadoluda sıtma, verem, tifüs, trahom gibi hastalıklar kol gezmektedir. Savaş yıllarında salgın hastalıkların yıkıcı etkisini deneyimlemiş olan halk söz konusu hastalıklara karşı çaresiz kalmıştır. Yaşanan acı tecrübelerden hareketle Cumhuriyet Hükümetleri öncelikle bu salgınların ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik çalışma başlatmıştır. Anadoluda söz konusu hastalıkların görülmediği yer yok gibidir, sıtma ve trahom yoğun olmakla birlikte Şark çıbanı, tifüs, verem, çiçek, tifo gibi hastalıkların görüldüğü Diyarbakır da bu yerlerden biridir. 1936 yılında sıtma mücadele mıntıkasına dahil edilen Diyarbakırda, II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında sıtma vaka sayısındaki artış dikkat çekici boyuta ulaşmıştır. 1945 yılında Diyarbakırın sıtma mücadele alanı genişletilmiştir. Diyarbakır Halkevinin bu mücadelede etkin rol oynadığı dikkati çekmektedir. Yine trahomla mücadele için 1935 yılında Diyarbakır Halkevi bünyesinde tedavi evi açılmıştır. 1937 yılında Trahom Hastanesinin açılmasıyla mücadeleye devam edilmiştir. Halkın bilinçlendirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar da bu sürecin önemli bir parçasını teşkil etmiştir. Koruyucu ve tedavici edici sağlık hizmetleriyle salgınlara karşı verilen mücadeleden olumlu netice alınmış, hastalıkların yayılma hızı düşmüş ve neticede vaka sayısı azaltılmıştır. Diyarbakırda verilen mücadele, ülke çapında salgınlara karşı yürütülen mücadelenin bir örneğini teşkil etmesi açısından da önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığından elde edilen arşiv belgeleri, resmi yayınlar, süreli yayınlar ve literatürden yararlanılarak Diyarbakırda görülen salgınlar ve söz konusu salgınlara karşı yürütülen mücadele ve sonuçları ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Makale detayları

FIGHT AGAINST EPIDEMICS IN DİYARBAKIR (1934-1960)

Yazarlar:

Sevilay Özer | Esra Hep

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 27, pp.63-84

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310485

pISSN:

2146-4456

Diyarbakır

Epidemics

Malaria

Cholera

Trachoma

Cutaneous LeishmaniasisDiyarbakır

Salgın hastalık

sıtma

trahom

Şark çıbanı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Sevilay Özer | Esra Hep

Yayıncı: Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Belgi Dergisi Issue 27, pp.63-84

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310485

pISSN: 2146-4456

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Sevilay Özer | Esra Hep

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 27, pp.63-84

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310485

pISSN:

2146-4456