OTTOMAN CITIZENS IN FRENCH PRISON CAMPS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (NUTRITION, SHELTER AND CLOTHING)

İbrahim Halil Tanık; Hacer Kırmızıgöz

Makale detayları

OTTOMAN CITIZENS IN FRENCH PRISON CAMPS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (NUTRITION, SHELTER AND CLOTHING)

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Halil Tanık | Hacer Kırmızıgöz

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.53-82

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324156

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The First World War had devastating consequences for the Ottoman State. In this war, which lasted four years, many lands were lost for the Ottoman State and an armistice with harsh conditions was signed. Material and moral losses experienced by the state are among the consequences of war. However, another consequence of war is captivity, which involves many difficulties. Some of them lost their lives in the war in which they participated as soldiers, some were able to return, and some were captured. Apart from soldiers, many civilians and non-Muslim Ottoman citizens were subjected to captivity. Most of the studies on the First World War and Turkish-French relations have focused on the diplomatic, political and military aspects of the war. In addition, the manpower of the army, casualties or the number of prisoners have been the subject of various studies. In this study, traces of how the captivity process progressed, other than war, were sought. In the study, which focuses on the three basic elements of life: shelter, nutrition and clothing, the captivity processes of Ottoman citizens in France constitute a limitation. In the preparation of the study, primary sources such as the Turkish State Archives and the Red Crescent Archive were consulted, and copyrighted works were also used. Among the findings of the study are that in the reports of the Red Cross Committee, the captives were more optimistic during their captivity, and in the captivity letters, the captives encountered some difficulties and reported these to their families and the state, and that they tried to keep themselves fit during the captivity process.

 The First World War had devastating consequences for the Ottoman State. In this war, which lasted four years, many lands were lost for the Ottoman State and an armistice with harsh conditions was signed. Material and moral losses experienced by the state are among the consequences of war. However, another consequence of war is captivity, which involves many difficulties. Some of them lost their lives in the war in which they participated as soldiers, some were able to return, and some were captured. Apart from soldiers, many civilians and non-Muslim Ottoman citizens were subjected to captivity. Most of the studies on the First World War and Turkish-French relations have focused on the diplomatic, political and military aspects of the war. In addition, the manpower of the army, casualties or the number of prisoners have been the subject of various studies. In this study, traces of how the captivity process progressed, other than war, were sought. In the study, which focuses on the three basic elements of life: shelter, nutrition and clothing, the captivity processes of Ottoman citizens in France constitute a limitation. In the preparation of the study, primary sources such as the Turkish State Archives and the Red Crescent Archive were consulted, and copyrighted works were also used. Among the findings of the study are that in the reports of the Red Cross Committee, the captives were more optimistic during their captivity, and in the captivity letters, the captives encountered some difficulties and reported these to their families and the state, and that they tried to keep themselves fit during the captivity process.

 The First World War had devastating consequences for the Ottoman State. In this war, which lasted four years, many lands were lost for the Ottoman State and an armistice with harsh conditions was signed. Material and moral losses experienced by the state are among the consequences of war. However, another consequence of war is captivity, which involves many difficulties. Some of them lost their lives in the war in which they participated as soldiers, some were able to return, and some were captured. Apart from soldiers, many civilians and non-Muslim Ottoman citizens were subjected to captivity. Most of the studies on the First World War and Turkish-French relations have focused on the diplomatic, political and military aspects of the war. In addition, the manpower of the army, casualties or the number of prisoners have been the subject of various studies. In this study, traces of how the captivity process progressed, other than war, were sought. In the study, which focuses on the three basic elements of life: shelter, nutrition and clothing, the captivity processes of Ottoman citizens in France constitute a limitation. In the preparation of the study, primary sources such as the Turkish State Archives and the Red Crescent Archive were consulted, and copyrighted works were also used. Among the findings of the study are that in the reports of the Red Cross Committee, the captives were more optimistic during their captivity, and in the captivity letters, the captives encountered some difficulties and reported these to their families and the state, and that they tried to keep themselves fit during the captivity process.

 Osmanlı Devleti açısından Birinci Dünya Savaşı, yıkıcı sonuçlara sebep olmuştur. Dört yıl süren bu savaşta, Osmanlı Devleti açısından pek çok toprak kaybedildiği ve ağır şartlar içeren bir mütareke imzalanmıştır. Devlet nezdinde yaşanan maddi ve manevi kayıplar savaşın sonuçları arasınadır. Oysa savaşın diğer bir sonucu da pek çok zorluğu içeren esarettir. Asker olarak katıldığı savaştan bazıları hayatını kaybetmiş, bazıları geri dönebilmiş, bazıları da esir düşmüştür. Askerlerden başka pek çok sivil ve gayrimüslim Osmanlı vatandaşı esarete maruz kalmıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşına ve Türk-Fransız ilişkilerine dair yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir kısmı, savaşın diplomatik, siyasi ve askeri yönüne odaklanmıştır. Bundan başka ordunun insan gücü, can kayıpları veya esirlerin miktarı muhtelif çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, savaştan başka esaret sürecinin nasıl seyrettiğine dair izler aranmıştır. Üç temel yaşam unsuru olan, barınma, beslenme ve giyim temaları merkeze alınan çalışmada, Osmanlı vatandaşlarının Fransadaki esaret süreçleri sınırlılığı oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın ortaya çıkmasında Devlet Arşivleri, Kızılay Arşivi gibi birincil kaynaklara müracaat edilmiş, ayrıca telif eserlerden yararlanılmıştır. Kızılhaç Heyetinin raporlarında esirlerin, esaret süreçlerinin daha iyimser bir şekilde seyrettiği, esir mektuplarında ise esirler birtakım zorluklarla karşılaştıkları, bunu ailelerine ve devletine bildirdikleri, esaret sürecinde kendilerini zinde tutmaya çaba gösterdikleri, çalışmanın bulguları arasındadır.

Makale detayları

OTTOMAN CITIZENS IN FRENCH PRISON CAMPS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (NUTRITION, SHELTER AND CLOTHING)

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Halil Tanık | Hacer Kırmızıgöz

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.53-82

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324156

pISSN:

1300-0756

The Ottoman and France

Turkish Prisoners

Turkish Red Crescent

The Red CrossOsmanlı ve Fransa

Türk Esirler

Türk Kızılayı

Kızılhaç

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İbrahim Halil Tanık | Hacer Kırmızıgöz

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.53-82

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001324156

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Halil Tanık | Hacer Kırmızıgöz

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.53-82

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324156

pISSN:

1300-0756