Galata and the Black Sea Trade in the Second Half of the 16th Century

Kerim İlker Bulunur

Makale detayları

Galata and the Black Sea Trade in the Second Half of the 16th Century

Yazarlar:

Kerim İlker Bulunur

Yayıncı:

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Akdeniz Tarihi

Dergi:

BELLEK Uluslararası Tarih ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.129-139

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335798

pISSN:

2717-6142

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Genoese established a commercial colony in Galata during the 13th century by securing privileges from the Byzantine emperors and surrounding the district with walls. This colony quickly became a hub of attraction not only for Genoese merchants but also for traders of all nationalities. The Genoese and Venetians developed a significant trade and transportation network connecting their colonies along the Black Sea coast with Galata and Istanbul. Through this network, they generated substantial income by exporting goods purchased from the Black Sea region to the West. After the conquest of Istanbul, the Genoese and Venetians managed to maintain some of their colonies along the Black Sea coast for a while. However, this situation did not last long, and during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, all settlements along the Black Sea coast came under Ottoman control. Trade between Galata and the Black Sea regained its former vitality shortly after 1453. Under Ottoman rule, the primary actors in Black Sea trade became Muslims, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, the majority of whom were Ottoman subjects. Although Venetian and Genoese influence in the Black Sea diminished compared to earlier periods, it persisted until the late 15th century. By the end of the 16th century, their direct involvement in Black Sea trade was limited to special permits. This article focuses on the commercial activities between the city of Galata and the Black Sea. The primary source used in the study is the Galata court records şeriyye sicilleri from the second half of the 16th century. These records provide direct and indirect significant insights into Ottoman trade history. They offer valuable information on commercial agreements or disputes, customs procedures, trade financing, ports, commercial goods, and much more. The aim of the article is to analyze the information provided by the court records on specific aspects of trade between IstanbulGalata and the Black Sea.

 The Genoese established a commercial colony in Galata during the 13th century by securing privileges from the Byzantine emperors and surrounding the district with walls. This colony quickly became a hub of attraction not only for Genoese merchants but also for traders of all nationalities. The Genoese and Venetians developed a significant trade and transportation network connecting their colonies along the Black Sea coast with Galata and Istanbul. Through this network, they generated substantial income by exporting goods purchased from the Black Sea region to the West. After the conquest of Istanbul, the Genoese and Venetians managed to maintain some of their colonies along the Black Sea coast for a while. However, this situation did not last long, and during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, all settlements along the Black Sea coast came under Ottoman control. Trade between Galata and the Black Sea regained its former vitality shortly after 1453. Under Ottoman rule, the primary actors in Black Sea trade became Muslims, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, the majority of whom were Ottoman subjects. Although Venetian and Genoese influence in the Black Sea diminished compared to earlier periods, it persisted until the late 15th century. By the end of the 16th century, their direct involvement in Black Sea trade was limited to special permits. This article focuses on the commercial activities between the city of Galata and the Black Sea. The primary source used in the study is the Galata court records şeriyye sicilleri from the second half of the 16th century. These records provide direct and indirect significant insights into Ottoman trade history. They offer valuable information on commercial agreements or disputes, customs procedures, trade financing, ports, commercial goods, and much more. The aim of the article is to analyze the information provided by the court records on specific aspects of trade between IstanbulGalata and the Black Sea.

 The Genoese established a commercial colony in Galata during the 13th century by securing privileges from the Byzantine emperors and surrounding the district with walls. This colony quickly became a hub of attraction not only for Genoese merchants but also for traders of all nationalities. The Genoese and Venetians developed a significant trade and transportation network connecting their colonies along the Black Sea coast with Galata and Istanbul. Through this network, they generated substantial income by exporting goods purchased from the Black Sea region to the West. After the conquest of Istanbul, the Genoese and Venetians managed to maintain some of their colonies along the Black Sea coast for a while. However, this situation did not last long, and during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, all settlements along the Black Sea coast came under Ottoman control. Trade between Galata and the Black Sea regained its former vitality shortly after 1453. Under Ottoman rule, the primary actors in Black Sea trade became Muslims, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, the majority of whom were Ottoman subjects. Although Venetian and Genoese influence in the Black Sea diminished compared to earlier periods, it persisted until the late 15th century. By the end of the 16th century, their direct involvement in Black Sea trade was limited to special permits. This article focuses on the commercial activities between the city of Galata and the Black Sea. The primary source used in the study is the Galata court records şeriyye sicilleri from the second half of the 16th century. These records provide direct and indirect significant insights into Ottoman trade history. They offer valuable information on commercial agreements or disputes, customs procedures, trade financing, ports, commercial goods, and much more. The aim of the article is to analyze the information provided by the court records on specific aspects of trade between IstanbulGalata and the Black Sea.

 Cenevizliler, 13. yüzyılda Bizans imparatorlarından elde ettikleri imtiyazlarla Galatayı surlarla çevirerek burada ticari bir koloni kurdular. Bu koloni kısa sürede sadece Cenevizli değil her milletten tüccar için bir cazibe merkezi haline geldi. Ceneviz ve Venedikliler Karadeniz kıyısındaki diğer kolonileri ile Galata ve İstanbul arasında önemli bir ticaret ve nakliye ağı kurmuşlardı. Kurmuş oldukları bu ticari ağ sayesinde Karadenizden satın aldıkları malları batıya ihraç ederek önemli bir gelir elde ediyorlardı. İstanbulun fethinden sonra Ceneviz ve Venedikliler Karadeniz kıyısındaki diğer kolonilerini bir müddet daha muhafazaya etmeye devam ettiler. Ancak bu durum fazla uzun sürmedi ve II. Bayezid zamanında Karadeniz kıyısındaki bütün yerleşimler Osmanlı hâkimiyetine girdi. Galata ve Karadeniz arasındaki ticari faaliyetler 1453ten bir müddet sonra tekrar eski canlılığına kavuştu. Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altında Karadeniz ticaretinin aktörleri artık büyük bir çoğunluğu Osmanlı tebaası olan Müslümanlar, Rumlar, Ermeniler ve Yahudiler idi. Venedik ve Cenevizlilerin Karadenizdeki etkinliği, eskiye nazaran azalmakla birlikte, 15. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar devam etti. Ancak bu etkinlik zamanla azaldı ve 16. yüzyılın sonlarına gelindiğinde verilen özel izinler dışında Karadeniz ticaretine doğrudan katılamadılar. Bu makale, Galata şehri ile Karadeniz arasındaki ticari faaliyetlere odaklanmaktadır. Makalede kullanılan ana kaynak, 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına ait Galata şeriyye sicilleridir. Şeriyye sicilleri Osmanlı ticaret tarihi ile ilgili doğrudan ve dolaylı önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Her türlü ticari anlaşma ya da anlaşmazlık, gümrük işlemleri, ticaretin finansmanı, limanlar, ticari emtia ve daha birçok konuda şeriyye sicillerinden önemli bilgiler edinmek mümkündür. Makalenin amacı şeriyye sicillerinin İstanbulGalata ile Karadeniz ticaretinin belirli konuları üzerinde sunduğu bilgileri değerlendirmektir.

Makale detayları

Galata and the Black Sea Trade in the Second Half of the 16th Century

Yazarlar:

Kerim İlker Bulunur

Yayıncı:

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Akdeniz Tarihi

Dergi:

BELLEK Uluslararası Tarih ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.129-139

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335798

pISSN:

2717-6142

Galata

Black Sea

Trade

Venice

Genoa

CaffaGalata

Karadeniz

Ticaret

Venedik

Ceneviz

Kefe

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Kerim İlker Bulunur

Yayıncı: Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar: Çağdaş Akdeniz Tarihi

Dergi: BELLEK Uluslararası Tarih ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.129-139

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001335798

pISSN: 2717-6142

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Kerim İlker Bulunur

Yayıncı:

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Akdeniz Tarihi

Dergi:

BELLEK Uluslararası Tarih ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.129-139

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335798

pISSN:

2717-6142