Four 19th-Century Greek Orthodox Churches in Şiran

Demet Okuyucu

Makale detayları

Four 19th-Century Greek Orthodox Churches in Şiran

Yazarlar:

Demet Okuyucu

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.422-437

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298632

pISSN:

2822-2725

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Şiran, located in the southwest of Gümüşhane, is in a position between the Black Sea and northwest Anatolia regions. The deep history of the area is traced back to the Karaz culture. The historical process of Şiran, which is in geographical, historical, and cultural proximity to both the Eastern Anatolia region and the Black Sea region, flows within the processes of these regions. With the abolition of the Pontus kingdom by the Roman Empire in the first century BC, the Black Sea region was under the rule of the Roman Empire. As a result of the division of the Roman Empire into two in 395, Gümüşhane was included in the Khaldia theme of the Eastern Roman Empire. The city, which was called Argyropolis due to the silver mines in the region during the Byzantine period, hosted a dense non-Muslim population due to its mining operations from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The first emergence and spread of Christianity in and around Gümüşhane are evaluated together with the process of its reaching and spreading to the Black Sea region. According to general acceptance, Christianity became widespread in the region in the third century. Monasteries, churches, and chapels, whose existence has been known since this century in many cities, especially in Trabzon, have been the centers of religious life in the cities. In the 19th century, it is seen that number of religious structures like churches was built to meet the needs of non-Muslim subjects, especially those working in silver mines and living in settlements. In the political environment of the 19th century, new churches were built in the capital of the period and many parts of the Anatolian geography as a result of the freedom to build churches again, especially with the 1839 Tanzimat and 1856 Islahat edicts. The churches in both Gümüşhane and Şiran, which are dated to this period, are the products of this political environment. Within the scope of this study, four Greek Orthodox churches dated to the 19th century and located in the villages of Erenkaya, Çevrepınarı, Kavaklıdere, and Gökçeler in the Şiran District, southwest of Gümüşhane, were studied.

 Şiran, located in the southwest of Gümüşhane, is in a position between the Black Sea and northwest Anatolia regions. The deep history of the area is traced back to the Karaz culture. The historical process of Şiran, which is in geographical, historical, and cultural proximity to both the Eastern Anatolia region and the Black Sea region, flows within the processes of these regions. With the abolition of the Pontus kingdom by the Roman Empire in the first century BC, the Black Sea region was under the rule of the Roman Empire. As a result of the division of the Roman Empire into two in 395, Gümüşhane was included in the Khaldia theme of the Eastern Roman Empire. The city, which was called Argyropolis due to the silver mines in the region during the Byzantine period, hosted a dense non-Muslim population due to its mining operations from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The first emergence and spread of Christianity in and around Gümüşhane are evaluated together with the process of its reaching and spreading to the Black Sea region. According to general acceptance, Christianity became widespread in the region in the third century. Monasteries, churches, and chapels, whose existence has been known since this century in many cities, especially in Trabzon, have been the centers of religious life in the cities. In the 19th century, it is seen that number of religious structures like churches was built to meet the needs of non-Muslim subjects, especially those working in silver mines and living in settlements. In the political environment of the 19th century, new churches were built in the capital of the period and many parts of the Anatolian geography as a result of the freedom to build churches again, especially with the 1839 Tanzimat and 1856 Islahat edicts. The churches in both Gümüşhane and Şiran, which are dated to this period, are the products of this political environment. Within the scope of this study, four Greek Orthodox churches dated to the 19th century and located in the villages of Erenkaya, Çevrepınarı, Kavaklıdere, and Gökçeler in the Şiran District, southwest of Gümüşhane, were studied.

 Şiran, located in the southwest of Gümüşhane, is in a position between the Black Sea and northwest Anatolia regions. The deep history of the area is traced back to the Karaz culture. The historical process of Şiran, which is in geographical, historical, and cultural proximity to both the Eastern Anatolia region and the Black Sea region, flows within the processes of these regions. With the abolition of the Pontus kingdom by the Roman Empire in the first century BC, the Black Sea region was under the rule of the Roman Empire. As a result of the division of the Roman Empire into two in 395, Gümüşhane was included in the Khaldia theme of the Eastern Roman Empire. The city, which was called Argyropolis due to the silver mines in the region during the Byzantine period, hosted a dense non-Muslim population due to its mining operations from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The first emergence and spread of Christianity in and around Gümüşhane are evaluated together with the process of its reaching and spreading to the Black Sea region. According to general acceptance, Christianity became widespread in the region in the third century. Monasteries, churches, and chapels, whose existence has been known since this century in many cities, especially in Trabzon, have been the centers of religious life in the cities. In the 19th century, it is seen that number of religious structures like churches was built to meet the needs of non-Muslim subjects, especially those working in silver mines and living in settlements. In the political environment of the 19th century, new churches were built in the capital of the period and many parts of the Anatolian geography as a result of the freedom to build churches again, especially with the 1839 Tanzimat and 1856 Islahat edicts. The churches in both Gümüşhane and Şiran, which are dated to this period, are the products of this political environment. Within the scope of this study, four Greek Orthodox churches dated to the 19th century and located in the villages of Erenkaya, Çevrepınarı, Kavaklıdere, and Gökçeler in the Şiran District, southwest of Gümüşhane, were studied.

 Gümüşhanenin güneybatısında yer alan Şiran Karadeniz ile kuzeybatı Anadolu bölgeleri arasındaki bir konumdadır. Bölgenin dip tarihi Karaz kültürüne kadar indirilmektedir. Gerek Doğu Anadolu bölgesi gerekse Karadeniz bölgesi ile hem coğrafi hem de tarihi ve kültürel bir yakınlık içerisinde olan Şiranın tarihi süreci bu bölgelerin süreçleri içerisinde akmaktadır. M.Ö. 1. Yüzyılda Pontus krallığının Roma İmparatorluğu tarafından ortadan kaldırılması ile Karadeniz bölgesi Roma İmparatorluğunun idaresine geçmiştir. 395 yılında Roma İmparatorluğunun ikiye ayrılması sonucunda Gümüşhanede Doğu Roma İmparatorluğunun Khaldia teması içerisinde yer almıştır. Bizans döneminde bölgede bulunan gümüş madenlerinden dolayı Argyropolis adı ile anılan şehir 19.yüzyılın sonu 20. Yüzyılın başlarına kadar maden işletmelerinden dolayı yoğun bir gayrimüslim nüfusuna ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Hıristiyanlığın Gümüşhane ve çevresinde ilk ortaya çıkışı ve yayılması, Karadeniz bölgesine ulaşması ve yayılması süreci ile birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Genel bir kabule göre 3. yüzyılda bölgede Hıristiyanlık yaygınlaşmıştır. Trabzon başta olmak üzere birçok kentte bu yüzyıldan itibaren varlığı bilinen manastır, kilise ve şapeller şehirlerdeki dini hayatın merkezleri olmuştur. 19. yüzyıla gelindiğinde özellikle gümüş madenlerinde çalışan ve yerleşik olarak yaşayan gayrimüslim tebaanın ibadethane ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere çok sayıda kilise vb. dini nitelikli yapının inşa edildiği görülmektedir. 19. yüzyılın siyasi ortamında, özellikle 1839 Tanzimat ve 1856 Islahat fermanları ile gayrimüslimlere verilen yeniden kilise inşa edebilme serbesti neticesinde, dönemin başkentinde ve Anadolu coğrafyasının birçok yerinde yeni kiliseler inşa edilmiştir. Gerek Gümüşhane gerekse Şiranda bulunan ve bu döneme tarihlendirilen kiliseler bu siyasi ortamın birer ürünüdür. Bu çalışma kapsamında Gümüşhanenin güneybatısında bulunan Şiran İlçesinde yer alan Erenkaya, Çevrepınarı, Kavaklıdere ve Gökçeler köylerinde bulunan ve 19. Yüzyıla tarihlendirilen dört Rum Ortodoks kilisesi incelenmiştir.

Makale detayları

Four 19th-Century Greek Orthodox Churches in Şiran

Yazarlar:

Demet Okuyucu

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.422-437

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298632

pISSN:

2822-2725

19th century

church

Greek

Gümüşhane

Orthodox

Şiran19. Yüzyıl

Kilise

Rum

Gümüşhane

Ortodoks

Şiran

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Demet Okuyucu

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.422-437

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001298632

pISSN: 2822-2725

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Demet Okuyucu

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.422-437

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298632

pISSN:

2822-2725