Effects of virtual reality usage on kappa angle, accommodation, pupil, depth perception, and examination of the relationship of these parameters with discomfort perception

Volkan Dericioğlu

Makale detayları

Effects of virtual reality usage on kappa angle, accommodation, pupil, depth perception, and examination of the relationship of these parameters with discomfort perception

Yazarlar:

Volkan Dericioğlu

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Surgery (Other)

Dergi:

Marmara Medical Journal Vol.37 Issue 1, pp.59-62

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302656

pISSN:

1019-1941

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality VR usage on the eyes and investigate the parameters responsible for the subsequent discomfort sensation. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers who were engaged in a 10-minute VR game session. Refractive errors, kappa angles, phoria presence, accommodative responses, and scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillometry values were recorded before and after using VR. A Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire VRSQ was applied to assess discomfort, and the relation with evaluated parameters was investigated. Results: Twenty volunteers mean age 29.800.57 years included 11 females 55 and 9 males 45. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was  1.940.28 diopters and 5 25 volunteers had phoria. Average kappa angles were 0.230.02 mm x-axis and 0.110.01 mm y-axis. Post-VR, the median interquartile range IQR stereopsis decreased from 30 30-60 to 60 60-60 arc seconds P0.001. Pupil sizes increased significantly across all lighting conditions P0.001. Accommodation did not significantly change post-VR P0.05. VRSQ scores correlated positively with phoria and kappa-x angle r0.458, P0.003 and r0.330, P0.038 while negatively with stereopsis and kappa-y angle r-0.375, P0.017 and r-0.326, P0.04. Conclusion: Virtual reality use reduces depth perception and induces significant mydriasis across lighting conditions. Post-VR discomfort feeling may be related to phoria, kappa angle, and stereopsis.

 Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality VR usage on the eyes and investigate the parameters responsible for the subsequent discomfort sensation. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers who were engaged in a 10-minute VR game session. Refractive errors, kappa angles, phoria presence, accommodative responses, and scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillometry values were recorded before and after using VR. A Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire VRSQ was applied to assess discomfort, and the relation with evaluated parameters was investigated. Results: Twenty volunteers mean age 29.800.57 years included 11 females 55 and 9 males 45. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was  1.940.28 diopters and 5 25 volunteers had phoria. Average kappa angles were 0.230.02 mm x-axis and 0.110.01 mm y-axis. Post-VR, the median interquartile range IQR stereopsis decreased from 30 30-60 to 60 60-60 arc seconds P0.001. Pupil sizes increased significantly across all lighting conditions P0.001. Accommodation did not significantly change post-VR P0.05. VRSQ scores correlated positively with phoria and kappa-x angle r0.458, P0.003 and r0.330, P0.038 while negatively with stereopsis and kappa-y angle r-0.375, P0.017 and r-0.326, P0.04. Conclusion: Virtual reality use reduces depth perception and induces significant mydriasis across lighting conditions. Post-VR discomfort feeling may be related to phoria, kappa angle, and stereopsis.

 Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality VR usage on the eyes and investigate the parameters responsible for the subsequent discomfort sensation. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers who were engaged in a 10-minute VR game session. Refractive errors, kappa angles, phoria presence, accommodative responses, and scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillometry values were recorded before and after using VR. A Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire VRSQ was applied to assess discomfort, and the relation with evaluated parameters was investigated. Results: Twenty volunteers mean age 29.800.57 years included 11 females 55 and 9 males 45. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was  1.940.28 diopters and 5 25 volunteers had phoria. Average kappa angles were 0.230.02 mm x-axis and 0.110.01 mm y-axis. Post-VR, the median interquartile range IQR stereopsis decreased from 30 30-60 to 60 60-60 arc seconds P0.001. Pupil sizes increased significantly across all lighting conditions P0.001. Accommodation did not significantly change post-VR P0.05. VRSQ scores correlated positively with phoria and kappa-x angle r0.458, P0.003 and r0.330, P0.038 while negatively with stereopsis and kappa-y angle r-0.375, P0.017 and r-0.326, P0.04. Conclusion: Virtual reality use reduces depth perception and induces significant mydriasis across lighting conditions. Post-VR discomfort feeling may be related to phoria, kappa angle, and stereopsis.

 Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality VR usage on the eyes and investigate the parameters responsible for the subsequent discomfort sensation. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers who were engaged in a 10-minute VR game session. Refractive errors, kappa angles, phoria presence, accommodative responses, and scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillometry values were recorded before and after using VR. A Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire VRSQ was applied to assess discomfort, and the relation with evaluated parameters was investigated. Results: Twenty volunteers mean age 29.800.57 years included 11 females 55 and 9 males 45. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was  1.940.28 diopters and 5 25 volunteers had phoria. Average kappa angles were 0.230.02 mm x-axis and 0.110.01 mm y-axis. Post-VR, the median interquartile range IQR stereopsis decreased from 30 30-60 to 60 60-60 arc seconds P0.001. Pupil sizes increased significantly across all lighting conditions P0.001. Accommodation did not significantly change post-VR P0.05. VRSQ scores correlated positively with phoria and kappa-x angle r0.458, P0.003 and r0.330, P0.038 while negatively with stereopsis and kappa-y angle r-0.375, P0.017 and r-0.326, P0.04. Conclusion: Virtual reality use reduces depth perception and induces significant mydriasis across lighting conditions. Post-VR discomfort feeling may be related to phoria, kappa angle, and stereopsis.

Makale detayları

Effects of virtual reality usage on kappa angle, accommodation, pupil, depth perception, and examination of the relationship of these parameters with discomfort perception

Yazarlar:

Volkan Dericioğlu

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Surgery (Other)

Dergi:

Marmara Medical Journal Vol.37 Issue 1, pp.59-62

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302656

pISSN:

1019-1941

Virtual reality

Accommodation

Kappa

Stereopsis

Pupillometry

Sayı

Makale detayları

Effects of virtual reality usage on kappa angle, accommodation, pupil, depth perception, and examination of the relationship of these parameters with discomfort perception

Yazarlar: Volkan Dericioğlu

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Surgery (Other)

Dergi: Marmara Medical Journal Vol.37 Issue 1, pp.59-62

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302656

pISSN: 1019-1941

Virtual reality

Accommodation

Kappa

Stereopsis

Pupillometry

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Volkan Dericioğlu

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Surgery (Other)

Dergi:

Marmara Medical Journal Vol.37 Issue 1, pp.59-62

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302656

pISSN:

1019-1941