The Nafs al-Amr-Name Texts as a Popular Genre of Social Criticism in Ottoman Literary Culture: Their Linguistic, Thematic, and Stylistic Features

Fikret Turan

Makale detayları

The Nafs al-Amr-Name Texts as a Popular Genre of Social Criticism in Ottoman Literary Culture: Their Linguistic, Thematic, and Stylistic Features

Yazarlar:

Fikret Turan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.139-156

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295974

pISSN:

1015-2091

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The literary culture of Ottoman Turkish has a certain group of prose texts known as the Nafs al-amr-name that first appeared in the 16th century and focused on criticizing and satirizing certain behaviors of ordinary people and public officials as their main theme and tone. Lāmiʿī Çelebi is considered the author of the pioneering text of this humorous genre, which also contains many slang words as part of its diction. Apart from Lāmiʿī Çelebi, other known authors of the genre include Niksarizāde Efendi and Kurbi Mehmed Said Efendi. In some of sample texts from later periods, the authors names are not shown. The syntactic structure of these texts is based on compound-complex sentences. One important part of the criticized attitudes and behaviors concerns the habits of eating and drinking, dressing, speaking, and other social behaviors. In order to criticize and condemn those who display undesirable attitudes, the authors extensively employed insulting and derogatory slang words that mostly occur in everyday colloquial language. The comic effect is usually based on the ironic and contradictory situations in these texts. Currently, three variants of the Nafs al-amr-name by Lāmiʿī Çelebi are known. The fact that authors names are not mentioned in some copies of the later texts indicates that the genre was seen as a type of anonymous polyphonic public forum for the discourse of social opposition. The fact that texts have been copied numerous times with minor differences and are found in various bound handwritten anthologies in which dissenting social views and criticisms are also reflected indicates the function of the genre to have been as a literary public forum.

 The literary culture of Ottoman Turkish has a certain group of prose texts known as the Nafs al-amr-name that first appeared in the 16th century and focused on criticizing and satirizing certain behaviors of ordinary people and public officials as their main theme and tone. Lāmiʿī Çelebi is considered the author of the pioneering text of this humorous genre, which also contains many slang words as part of its diction. Apart from Lāmiʿī Çelebi, other known authors of the genre include Niksarizāde Efendi and Kurbi Mehmed Said Efendi. In some of sample texts from later periods, the authors names are not shown. The syntactic structure of these texts is based on compound-complex sentences. One important part of the criticized attitudes and behaviors concerns the habits of eating and drinking, dressing, speaking, and other social behaviors. In order to criticize and condemn those who display undesirable attitudes, the authors extensively employed insulting and derogatory slang words that mostly occur in everyday colloquial language. The comic effect is usually based on the ironic and contradictory situations in these texts. Currently, three variants of the Nafs al-amr-name by Lāmiʿī Çelebi are known. The fact that authors names are not mentioned in some copies of the later texts indicates that the genre was seen as a type of anonymous polyphonic public forum for the discourse of social opposition. The fact that texts have been copied numerous times with minor differences and are found in various bound handwritten anthologies in which dissenting social views and criticisms are also reflected indicates the function of the genre to have been as a literary public forum.

 The literary culture of Ottoman Turkish has a certain group of prose texts known as the Nafs al-amr-name that first appeared in the 16th century and focused on criticizing and satirizing certain behaviors of ordinary people and public officials as their main theme and tone. Lāmiʿī Çelebi is considered the author of the pioneering text of this humorous genre, which also contains many slang words as part of its diction. Apart from Lāmiʿī Çelebi, other known authors of the genre include Niksarizāde Efendi and Kurbi Mehmed Said Efendi. In some of sample texts from later periods, the authors names are not shown. The syntactic structure of these texts is based on compound-complex sentences. One important part of the criticized attitudes and behaviors concerns the habits of eating and drinking, dressing, speaking, and other social behaviors. In order to criticize and condemn those who display undesirable attitudes, the authors extensively employed insulting and derogatory slang words that mostly occur in everyday colloquial language. The comic effect is usually based on the ironic and contradictory situations in these texts. Currently, three variants of the Nafs al-amr-name by Lāmiʿī Çelebi are known. The fact that authors names are not mentioned in some copies of the later texts indicates that the genre was seen as a type of anonymous polyphonic public forum for the discourse of social opposition. The fact that texts have been copied numerous times with minor differences and are found in various bound handwritten anthologies in which dissenting social views and criticisms are also reflected indicates the function of the genre to have been as a literary public forum.

 Osmanlı edebî kültüründe 16. yüzyıldan sonra sıradan insanların ve kamu görevlilerinin belirli davranışlarını eleştiren ve Nefsülemr-nâme olarak isimlendirilen mensur metinler görülür. Çok sayıda argo kelimeler de içeren mizahi tonlu bu türün ilk öncü metninin yazarının Lâmii Çelebi olduğu kabul edilir. Bu türe ait yazarı belli Nefsülemr metinlerinin yazarları Lâmii Çelebi, Niksarizâde Efendi ve Kurbi Mehmed Said Efendidir. Bu türün sonraki dönemlerde kaleme alınan örneklerinde bazen yazar ismi gösterilmemiştir. Bu metinlerin sözdizimi yapısı sıralı birleşik cümlelere dayalı oluşturulmuştur. Eleştirilen hâl ve hareketlerin önemli kısmı yeme içme, giyim kuşam, konuşma ve sohbet adabına aykırı davranışlara dairdir. İstenmeyen davranış, hâl ve hareketlere sahip kişileri yermek ve kınamak için çoğunluğu konuşma dilinde kullanılan aşağılayıcı ve küçük düşürücü kelimeler kullanılmıştır. Komik ve güldürü etkisi ironik ve çelişkili durumlar üzerine kurulmuştur. Türün kurucu metni olan Lâmii Çelebiye ait Nefsülemr-nâme risalesinin 3 varyantı vardır. Metinlerin bazı nüshalarında bazen yazar isminin belirtilmemesi türün toplumsal muhalefet söylemi için çok sesli anonim bir kamusal forum türü olarak görüldüğünü gösterir. Birçok kereler küçük farklılıklarla istinsah edilmesi ve muhalif toplumsal görüşlerin ve eleştirilerin de yansıtıldığı çeşitli mecmualar içinde bulunması, bu türün kamusal forum türü işlevine işaret eder.

Makale detayları

The Nafs al-Amr-Name Texts as a Popular Genre of Social Criticism in Ottoman Literary Culture: Their Linguistic, Thematic, and Stylistic Features

Yazarlar:

Fikret Turan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.139-156

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295974

pISSN:

1015-2091

Ottoman Turkish

Lāmiʿī Çelebi (1473-1532)

Niksarizāde Efendi (1538-1616)

Kurbi Mehmed Said Efendi (d. circa 1784)

Ottoman slangOsmanlı Türkçesi

Lâmii Çelebi (1473-1532)

Niksarizâde Efendi (1538-1616)

Kurbi Mehmed Said Efendi (öl. 1784’ten sonra)

Osmanlı argosu ve mizahı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fikret Turan

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi: Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.139-156

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001295974

pISSN: 1015-2091

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fikret Turan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.63 Issue 1, pp.139-156

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295974

pISSN:

1015-2091