Public Transport by Municipal Bus Service as a Public Social Policy: Mersin Case

Fikret Zorlu; Ali Cenap Yoloğlu

Makale detayları

Public Transport by Municipal Bus Service as a Public Social Policy: Mersin Case

Yazarlar:

Fikret Zorlu | Ali Cenap Yoloğlu

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Ulaşım Planlaması

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.18 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342034

pISSN:

2146-9229

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, urban social policy is narrowly defined as a policy that aims to provide a minimum level of welfare for all or to reduce welfare inequalities, and the extent to which public transport service provides social benefits as a social policy instrument is examined. While more concrete and measurable targets are set for rail systems in urban transport planning, the bus system is often left in the background. On the other hand, the number of passengers traveling on rail systems, which are constructed in metropolitan cities by allocating large amounts of public funds, is still far behind the number of passengers transported by buses. This is because rail systems provide access to a limited population on a corridor. If the number of passengers in the relevant corridor is very high, transporting passengers by rail system is an effective approach that can reduce the number of vehicles in traffic on the one hand and provide social benefits on the other hand. On the other hand, the bus system is a transport system that is more flexible according to demand, can provide access to wider areas and population, and therefore has a higher share in total transport. According to the liberal approach, which advocates the provision of public services by the market, bus transport service is one of the biggest cost items for municipalities and should be transferred to the market to reduce losses. In recent years, municipalities have been discussing the method by which the service can be transferred to the private sector based on the recommendations emphasized in various reports of the IMF and the World Bank. However, there is a limited number of studies on how services can be provided more efficiently and effectively by the public sector and how social benefits can be increased. The studies mostly focus on policy analyses for the provision of services by the public or private sector. Some of the studies present technical models and methods to increase the efficiency of the systems. This study, on the other hand, argues that the service provided by buses, when taken together with its indirect benefits, can serve various social policy objectives if it is provided by the public sector based on multidimensional needs and benefit analyses.

 In this study, urban social policy is narrowly defined as a policy that aims to provide a minimum level of welfare for all or to reduce welfare inequalities, and the extent to which public transport service provides social benefits as a social policy instrument is examined. While more concrete and measurable targets are set for rail systems in urban transport planning, the bus system is often left in the background. On the other hand, the number of passengers traveling on rail systems, which are constructed in metropolitan cities by allocating large amounts of public funds, is still far behind the number of passengers transported by buses. This is because rail systems provide access to a limited population on a corridor. If the number of passengers in the relevant corridor is very high, transporting passengers by rail system is an effective approach that can reduce the number of vehicles in traffic on the one hand and provide social benefits on the other hand. On the other hand, the bus system is a transport system that is more flexible according to demand, can provide access to wider areas and population, and therefore has a higher share in total transport. According to the liberal approach, which advocates the provision of public services by the market, bus transport service is one of the biggest cost items for municipalities and should be transferred to the market to reduce losses. In recent years, municipalities have been discussing the method by which the service can be transferred to the private sector based on the recommendations emphasized in various reports of the IMF and the World Bank. However, there is a limited number of studies on how services can be provided more efficiently and effectively by the public sector and how social benefits can be increased. The studies mostly focus on policy analyses for the provision of services by the public or private sector. Some of the studies present technical models and methods to increase the efficiency of the systems. This study, on the other hand, argues that the service provided by buses, when taken together with its indirect benefits, can serve various social policy objectives if it is provided by the public sector based on multidimensional needs and benefit analyses.

 In this study, urban social policy is narrowly defined as a policy that aims to provide a minimum level of welfare for all or to reduce welfare inequalities, and the extent to which public transport service provides social benefits as a social policy instrument is examined. While more concrete and measurable targets are set for rail systems in urban transport planning, the bus system is often left in the background. On the other hand, the number of passengers traveling on rail systems, which are constructed in metropolitan cities by allocating large amounts of public funds, is still far behind the number of passengers transported by buses. This is because rail systems provide access to a limited population on a corridor. If the number of passengers in the relevant corridor is very high, transporting passengers by rail system is an effective approach that can reduce the number of vehicles in traffic on the one hand and provide social benefits on the other hand. On the other hand, the bus system is a transport system that is more flexible according to demand, can provide access to wider areas and population, and therefore has a higher share in total transport. According to the liberal approach, which advocates the provision of public services by the market, bus transport service is one of the biggest cost items for municipalities and should be transferred to the market to reduce losses. In recent years, municipalities have been discussing the method by which the service can be transferred to the private sector based on the recommendations emphasized in various reports of the IMF and the World Bank. However, there is a limited number of studies on how services can be provided more efficiently and effectively by the public sector and how social benefits can be increased. The studies mostly focus on policy analyses for the provision of services by the public or private sector. Some of the studies present technical models and methods to increase the efficiency of the systems. This study, on the other hand, argues that the service provided by buses, when taken together with its indirect benefits, can serve various social policy objectives if it is provided by the public sector based on multidimensional needs and benefit analyses.

 Bu çalışmada kentsel sosyal politika dar anlamıyla herkes için asgari düzeyde refah sağlamayı veya refah eşitsizliklerini azaltmayı amaçlayan bir politika olarak tanımlanmış ve toplu taşıma hizmetinin bir soysal politika aracı olarak ne düzeyde toplumsal yarar sağladığı irdelenmiştir. Kentsel ulaşım planlamasında raylı sistemlere yönelik daha somut ve ölçülebilir hedefler belirlenirken otobüs sistemi çoğunlukla geri planda kalmaktadır. Buna karşın, büyükşehirlerde yüksek miktarda kamu kaynağı ayrılarak yapılan raylı sistem yolcu sayıları henüz otobüslerle taşınan yolcu sayılarının çok gerisinde kalmaktadır. Bunun nedeni raylı sistemlerin bir koridor üzerinde ve sınırlı bir nüfusa erişim sağlamasıdır. İlgili koridorda yolcu sayısının çok yüksek olması durumunda, yolcuların raylı sistemle taşınması, bir yandan trafikteki taşıt sayısının azaltılmasını, diğer yandan da sosyal açıdan kamusal yararlar sağlayabilen etkili bir yaklaşımdır. Buna karşın otobüs sistemi talebe göre daha esnek, daha geniş alanlara ve nüfusa erişim sağlayabilen ve bu nedenle toplam taşımadaki payı daha yüksek olan bir taşıma sistemidir. Kamu hizmetlerinin piyasa eliyle sunulmasını savunan liberal yaklaşıma göre otobüs ulaşım hizmeti belediyeler için en büyük maliyet kalemlerinden biridir ve zararın azaltılması için piyasaya devredilmesi gerekir. Belediyeler son yıllarda IMF ve Dünya Bankasının çeşitli raporlarında vurgulanan tavsiyeler üzerine hizmetin özel sektöre devrinin hangi yöntemle gerçekleştirilebileceğini tartışmaktadır. Buna karşın hizmetin kamu eliyle nasıl daha verimli ve etkin sunulabileceği ve toplumsal yararların nasıl arttırılabileceğine yönelik sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar çoğunlukla hizmetin kamu veya özel sektör eliyle sunumuna yönelik politika analizlerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çalışmaların bir kısmı ise sistemlerin verimliliğini arttırmaya yönelik teknik düzeyde modeller ve yöntemler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ise otobüslerle yapılan hizmetin, dolaylı yararları ile birlikte ele alındığında, kamu eliyle ve çok yönlü ihtiyaç ve yarar analizlerine dayalı olarak sunumunun yapılması durumunda; çeşitli sosyal politika amaçlarına hizmet edebileceğini savunmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Public Transport by Municipal Bus Service as a Public Social Policy: Mersin Case

Yazarlar:

Fikret Zorlu | Ali Cenap Yoloğlu

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Ulaşım Planlaması

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.18 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342034

pISSN:

2146-9229

Municipal bus service

Public transport

Social policyBelediye otobüs hizmeti

Toplu taşıma

Sosyal politika

Sayı

Makale detayları

Public Transport by Municipal Bus Service as a Public Social Policy: Mersin Case

Yazarlar: Fikret Zorlu | Ali Cenap Yoloğlu

Yayıncı: Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar: Ulaşım Planlaması

Dergi: Kent Akademisi Vol.18 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001342034

pISSN: 2146-9229

Municipal bus service

Public transport

Social policyBelediye otobüs hizmeti

Toplu taşıma

Sosyal politika

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fikret Zorlu | Ali Cenap Yoloğlu

Yayıncı:

Ahmet FİDAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Ulaşım Planlaması

Dergi:

Kent Akademisi Vol.18 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342034

pISSN:

2146-9229