Threats, Inspections and Precautions: Some Efforts to Protect Public Health in Istanbul (1885)

Erol Karcı

Makale detayları

Threats, Inspections and Precautions: Some Efforts to Protect Public Health in Istanbul (1885)

Yazarlar:

Erol Karcı

Yayıncı:

Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetleri | Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri

Dergi:

Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.870-880

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359178

pISSN:

1309-8004

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Objective: This study aims to reveal what measures the Municipal Council took against situations that could threaten public health, based on the reports written by a chief inspector and a physician appointed by the Municipal Council in September 1885 following their inspections in certain districts of Istanbul. Method: Conducted between 15 March and 4 July 2025, this study employed classical methods used in historical research. Within this framework, documents from various classifications of the Ottoman Archives and research works related to the subject were utilised. Findings: The concept of public health emerged in the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat period. With the Tanzimat, modernisation was pursued in many areas, including municipal administration. Cholera epidemics in Istanbul increased attention to street and environmental cleanliness. On 16 August 1854, the Şehremaneti Municipality was established by official decree. Furthermore, over t ime, certain legal regulations were enacted to protect public health. Among the duties of the municipal organisation, which developed to cover the whole of Istanbul, was to control food and beverages and those who produced and sold them in order to protect public health. In September 1885, the Municipal Council conducted a series of inspections through its chief inspector and physician. The reports of these inspections are important in that they reveal situations that could threaten public health in Istanbul and the measures taken. Conclusion: Inspections concentrated in the areas of Hasköy, Piri Paşa, Balat, Kasım Paşa and Kantarcılar, covering shops in various trades and bachelor quarters. It is evident that priority was given to inspecting establishments producing and selling food and beverages, as well as places where people gathered in large numbers. The measures taken demonstrate that the Municipal Council prioritised public health.

 Objective: This study aims to reveal what measures the Municipal Council took against situations that could threaten public health, based on the reports written by a chief inspector and a physician appointed by the Municipal Council in September 1885 following their inspections in certain districts of Istanbul. Method: Conducted between 15 March and 4 July 2025, this study employed classical methods used in historical research. Within this framework, documents from various classifications of the Ottoman Archives and research works related to the subject were utilised. Findings: The concept of public health emerged in the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat period. With the Tanzimat, modernisation was pursued in many areas, including municipal administration. Cholera epidemics in Istanbul increased attention to street and environmental cleanliness. On 16 August 1854, the Şehremaneti Municipality was established by official decree. Furthermore, over t ime, certain legal regulations were enacted to protect public health. Among the duties of the municipal organisation, which developed to cover the whole of Istanbul, was to control food and beverages and those who produced and sold them in order to protect public health. In September 1885, the Municipal Council conducted a series of inspections through its chief inspector and physician. The reports of these inspections are important in that they reveal situations that could threaten public health in Istanbul and the measures taken. Conclusion: Inspections concentrated in the areas of Hasköy, Piri Paşa, Balat, Kasım Paşa and Kantarcılar, covering shops in various trades and bachelor quarters. It is evident that priority was given to inspecting establishments producing and selling food and beverages, as well as places where people gathered in large numbers. The measures taken demonstrate that the Municipal Council prioritised public health.

 Objective: This study aims to reveal what measures the Municipal Council took against situations that could threaten public health, based on the reports written by a chief inspector and a physician appointed by the Municipal Council in September 1885 following their inspections in certain districts of Istanbul. Method: Conducted between 15 March and 4 July 2025, this study employed classical methods used in historical research. Within this framework, documents from various classifications of the Ottoman Archives and research works related to the subject were utilised. Findings: The concept of public health emerged in the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat period. With the Tanzimat, modernisation was pursued in many areas, including municipal administration. Cholera epidemics in Istanbul increased attention to street and environmental cleanliness. On 16 August 1854, the Şehremaneti Municipality was established by official decree. Furthermore, over t ime, certain legal regulations were enacted to protect public health. Among the duties of the municipal organisation, which developed to cover the whole of Istanbul, was to control food and beverages and those who produced and sold them in order to protect public health. In September 1885, the Municipal Council conducted a series of inspections through its chief inspector and physician. The reports of these inspections are important in that they reveal situations that could threaten public health in Istanbul and the measures taken. Conclusion: Inspections concentrated in the areas of Hasköy, Piri Paşa, Balat, Kasım Paşa and Kantarcılar, covering shops in various trades and bachelor quarters. It is evident that priority was given to inspecting establishments producing and selling food and beverages, as well as places where people gathered in large numbers. The measures taken demonstrate that the Municipal Council prioritised public health.

 Amaç: Bu çalışma, Eylül 1885te Şehremaneti Belediye tarafından görevlendirilen bir baş müfettiş ile tabibin İstanbulun bazı semtlerinde yaptığı teftişler sonucunda kaleme aldıkları raporlara dayanarak, Şehremanetinin kamu sağlığını tehdit edebilecek durumlara karşı ne gibi önlemler aldığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: 15 Mart-4 Temmuz 2025 tarihleri arasında yapılan bu çalışmada tarih araştırmalarında kullanılan klasik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede Osmanlı Arşivinin farklı tasniflerinde yer alan belgelerden ve konuyla ilgili araştırma eserlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Osmanlı Devletinde kamu sağlığı anlayışının ortaya çıkması Tanzimat Döneminde olmuştur. Tanzimatla birlikte birçok alanda olduğu gibi belediyecilik alanında da modernleşme yoluna gidilmiştir. İstanbulda görülen kolera salgınları sokak ve çevre temizliğine dikkati arttırmıştır. 16 Ağustos 1854te resmi bir tebliğ ile Şehremaneti Belediye kurulmuştur. Ayrıca zaman içerisinde kamu sağlığını koruma adına bazı yasal düzenlemeler de yapılmıştır. İstanbulun tamamını kapsayacak şekilde gelişen belediye teşkilatının görevleri arasında halkın sağlığını korumak için yiyecek ve içecekler ile bunları üretip satanları kontrol etmek de bulunmaktaydı. Şehremaneti, Eylül 1885te görevlendirdiği baş müfettiş ve tabip marifetiyle bir dizi teftiş gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu teftişlere ait raporlar İstanbulda kamu sağlığını tehdit edebilecek nitelikteki durumları ve alınan önlemleri göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Sonuç: Hasköy, Piri Paşa, Balat, Kasım Paşa ve Kantarcılar çevresinde yoğunlaşan teftişlerde çeşitli iş kollarındaki dükkanlar ve bekar odaları teftiş edilmiştir. Yiyecek-içecek üreten ve satan mekanlar ile insanların toplu olarak bir arada bulundukları yerlerin teftişine önem verildiği görülmektedir. Alınan önlemler Şehremanetinin kamu sağlığını dikkate aldığını göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

Threats, Inspections and Precautions: Some Efforts to Protect Public Health in Istanbul (1885)

Yazarlar:

Erol Karcı

Yayıncı:

Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetleri | Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri

Dergi:

Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.870-880

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359178

pISSN:

1309-8004

Ottoman

İstanbul

Public Health

inspection

diseaseOsmanlı

İstanbul

Kamu Sağlığı

teftiş

hastalık

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Erol Karcı

Yayıncı: Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar: Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetleri | Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri

Dergi: Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.870-880

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001359178

pISSN: 1309-8004

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Erol Karcı

Yayıncı:

Mersin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetleri | Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri

Dergi:

Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.870-880

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359178

pISSN:

1309-8004