GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO TSARIST RUSSIA AND THE STATUS OF GERMANS LIVING IN THE COUNTRY DURING THE SOVIET UNION ACCORDING TO CENSUSES

Murat Gündoğdu

Makale detayları

GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO TSARIST RUSSIA AND THE STATUS OF GERMANS LIVING IN THE COUNTRY DURING THE SOVIET UNION ACCORDING TO CENSUSES

Yazarlar:

Murat Gündoğdu

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Dergi:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 72, pp.150-168

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289729

pISSN:

1303-5290

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, the population of Russian Germans in the Soviet Union, which is a part of the cosmopolitan structure of the Soviet Union, was examined. In the census results, the total population of the USSR and the Germans, their distribution by gender and place of residence are given in detailed tables. The main source of the study is the census results made in the Soviet Union. The fact that these censuses are a primary source adds importance to the study. The aim of this study is to examine the demographic structure of Russian Germans living in Russia through the census results. In this context, migration and war etc. Which affect population mobility, are emphasized. As a result of the study, it was observed that the Russian Germans living in the Soviet Union were subjected to certain periods of immigration and pressure in the country, although the population increased slightly in each census. In addition, it has been determined that the German population in the country has increased from west to east as a result of immigration and that the female population is more than the male population. In this increase, the bad conditions of the men sent to the labor camps and the death caused by the war were effective in the decrease in the male population. On the other hand, in 1964, it was observed that the German population immigrated to the western parts of the country, with the deportation decision of 1941 and the annulment of its provisions. Finally, it was determined that the German population was the highest in Soviet Kazakhstan in 1970 and after, and the least population was in Soviet Armenia.

 In this study, the population of Russian Germans in the Soviet Union, which is a part of the cosmopolitan structure of the Soviet Union, was examined. In the census results, the total population of the USSR and the Germans, their distribution by gender and place of residence are given in detailed tables. The main source of the study is the census results made in the Soviet Union. The fact that these censuses are a primary source adds importance to the study. The aim of this study is to examine the demographic structure of Russian Germans living in Russia through the census results. In this context, migration and war etc. Which affect population mobility, are emphasized. As a result of the study, it was observed that the Russian Germans living in the Soviet Union were subjected to certain periods of immigration and pressure in the country, although the population increased slightly in each census. In addition, it has been determined that the German population in the country has increased from west to east as a result of immigration and that the female population is more than the male population. In this increase, the bad conditions of the men sent to the labor camps and the death caused by the war were effective in the decrease in the male population. On the other hand, in 1964, it was observed that the German population immigrated to the western parts of the country, with the deportation decision of 1941 and the annulment of its provisions. Finally, it was determined that the German population was the highest in Soviet Kazakhstan in 1970 and after, and the least population was in Soviet Armenia.

 In this study, the population of Russian Germans in the Soviet Union, which is a part of the cosmopolitan structure of the Soviet Union, was examined. In the census results, the total population of the USSR and the Germans, their distribution by gender and place of residence are given in detailed tables. The main source of the study is the census results made in the Soviet Union. The fact that these censuses are a primary source adds importance to the study. The aim of this study is to examine the demographic structure of Russian Germans living in Russia through the census results. In this context, migration and war etc. Which affect population mobility, are emphasized. As a result of the study, it was observed that the Russian Germans living in the Soviet Union were subjected to certain periods of immigration and pressure in the country, although the population increased slightly in each census. In addition, it has been determined that the German population in the country has increased from west to east as a result of immigration and that the female population is more than the male population. In this increase, the bad conditions of the men sent to the labor camps and the death caused by the war were effective in the decrease in the male population. On the other hand, in 1964, it was observed that the German population immigrated to the western parts of the country, with the deportation decision of 1941 and the annulment of its provisions. Finally, it was determined that the German population was the highest in Soviet Kazakhstan in 1970 and after, and the least population was in Soviet Armenia.

 Bu çalışmada, Sovyetler Birliğinin kozmopolit yapısının bir parçası olan Rusya Almanlarının Sovyetler Birliğindeki nüfusu incelenmiştir. Nüfus sayım sonuçlarında, SSCB ve Almanların toplam nüfusu, cinsiyete ve yerleşim yerlerine göre dağılımları detaylı tablolar halinde verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ana kaynağını Sovyetler Birliğinde yapılan nüfus sayım sonuçları oluşturmaktadır. Bu nüfus sayımlarının birinci el kaynak olması çalışmaya önem katmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Rusyada yaşayan Rusya Almanlarının demografik yapısını nüfus sayım sonuçları üzerinden incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, nüfus hareketliliğini etkileyen göç ve savaş vb. gibi nedenler üzerine durulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Sovyetler Birliğinde yaşayan Rusya Almanlarının ülkede belirli dönemler göçlere ve baskılara tabi tutulduğu, buna rağmen nüfusunun her nüfus sayımında az da olsa artış gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca ülkede Alman nüfusunun yapılan göçler sonucunda batıdan doğuya doğru artış gösterdiği ve kadın nüfusun erkek nüfustan daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu artışta, çalışma kamplarına gönderilen erkeklerin kötü şartlarda yaşaması ve savaşın getirdiği ölüm, erkek nüfusunun azalmasında etkili olmuştur. Diğer taraftan 1964 yılında, 1941 yılı sürgün kararı ve hükümlerinin iptal edilmesiyle birlikte Alman nüfusunun ülkenin batı kısımlarına doğru göç ettikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak, Alman nüfusun 1970 yılı ve sonrasında en fazla Sovyet Kazakistanında en az nüfusun ise Sovyet Ermenistanında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO TSARIST RUSSIA AND THE STATUS OF GERMANS LIVING IN THE COUNTRY DURING THE SOVIET UNION ACCORDING TO CENSUSES

Yazarlar:

Murat Gündoğdu

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Dergi:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 72, pp.150-168

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289729

pISSN:

1303-5290

German

Migration

Population

Russia

Soviet UnionAlman

Göç

Nüfus

Rusya

Sovyetler Birliği

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Murat Gündoğdu

Yayıncı: Ankara University

Dergi: Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 72, pp.150-168

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001289729

pISSN: 1303-5290

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Murat Gündoğdu

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Dergi:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 72, pp.150-168

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289729

pISSN:

1303-5290