Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris) Grown in Sarıkamış and Other Pine Species

Vedat Çavuş; Bekir Cihad Bal; Nasır Narlıoğlu

Makale detayları

Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris) Grown in Sarıkamış and Other Pine Species

Yazarlar:

Vedat Çavuş | Bekir Cihad Bal | Nasır Narlıoğlu

Yayıncı:

Bartin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği

Dergi:

Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.251-263

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348066

pISSN:

1302-0943

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Five different pine species naturally grow in Turkeys native forests: Pinus brutia Turkish red pine, Pinus nigra black pine, Pinus sylvestris Scots pine, Pinus pinea stone pine, and Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine. Among them, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris is preferred for various applications due to its superior wood characteristics, such as narrower annual rings, straighter stems, and fewer wood defects compared to other pine species. Factors such as the trees habitat, altitude, aspect, and soil properties significantly affect its wood properties. In this study, several chemical extractives, hemicellulose, and alpha-cellulose, physical density, tangential, radial, and longitudinal swelling, and mechanical bending strength, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, and static hardness properties of Scots pine wood, known for its advantageous technical qualities, were investigated. Chemical analysis revealed that the wood contains 4.42 extractive content, 27.72 hemicellulose, and 45.73 alpha-cellulose. According to physical tests, the oven-dry density was found to be 0.535 gcm³; tangential, radial, longitudinal, and volumetric swelling ratios were 8.0, 4.5, 0.8, and 13.3, respectively. The fiber saturation point was determined to be 25, and the water absorption capacity was 71. Regarding mechanical properties, the average bending strength was recorded as 80.7 Nmm² on the tangential surface, 88.8 Nmm² on the radial surface, and 85.4 Nmm² at approximately 45 diagonal direction. The highest value was observed on the radial surface, while the lowest occurred on the tangential surface. The average modulus of elasticity in bending was found to be 7525.5 Nmm² tangential, 9030.6 Nmm² radial, and 8853.4 Nmm² diagonal direction.

 Five different pine species naturally grow in Turkeys native forests: Pinus brutia Turkish red pine, Pinus nigra black pine, Pinus sylvestris Scots pine, Pinus pinea stone pine, and Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine. Among them, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris is preferred for various applications due to its superior wood characteristics, such as narrower annual rings, straighter stems, and fewer wood defects compared to other pine species. Factors such as the trees habitat, altitude, aspect, and soil properties significantly affect its wood properties. In this study, several chemical extractives, hemicellulose, and alpha-cellulose, physical density, tangential, radial, and longitudinal swelling, and mechanical bending strength, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, and static hardness properties of Scots pine wood, known for its advantageous technical qualities, were investigated. Chemical analysis revealed that the wood contains 4.42 extractive content, 27.72 hemicellulose, and 45.73 alpha-cellulose. According to physical tests, the oven-dry density was found to be 0.535 gcm³; tangential, radial, longitudinal, and volumetric swelling ratios were 8.0, 4.5, 0.8, and 13.3, respectively. The fiber saturation point was determined to be 25, and the water absorption capacity was 71. Regarding mechanical properties, the average bending strength was recorded as 80.7 Nmm² on the tangential surface, 88.8 Nmm² on the radial surface, and 85.4 Nmm² at approximately 45 diagonal direction. The highest value was observed on the radial surface, while the lowest occurred on the tangential surface. The average modulus of elasticity in bending was found to be 7525.5 Nmm² tangential, 9030.6 Nmm² radial, and 8853.4 Nmm² diagonal direction.

 Five different pine species naturally grow in Turkeys native forests: Pinus brutia Turkish red pine, Pinus nigra black pine, Pinus sylvestris Scots pine, Pinus pinea stone pine, and Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine. Among them, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris is preferred for various applications due to its superior wood characteristics, such as narrower annual rings, straighter stems, and fewer wood defects compared to other pine species. Factors such as the trees habitat, altitude, aspect, and soil properties significantly affect its wood properties. In this study, several chemical extractives, hemicellulose, and alpha-cellulose, physical density, tangential, radial, and longitudinal swelling, and mechanical bending strength, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, and static hardness properties of Scots pine wood, known for its advantageous technical qualities, were investigated. Chemical analysis revealed that the wood contains 4.42 extractive content, 27.72 hemicellulose, and 45.73 alpha-cellulose. According to physical tests, the oven-dry density was found to be 0.535 gcm³; tangential, radial, longitudinal, and volumetric swelling ratios were 8.0, 4.5, 0.8, and 13.3, respectively. The fiber saturation point was determined to be 25, and the water absorption capacity was 71. Regarding mechanical properties, the average bending strength was recorded as 80.7 Nmm² on the tangential surface, 88.8 Nmm² on the radial surface, and 85.4 Nmm² at approximately 45 diagonal direction. The highest value was observed on the radial surface, while the lowest occurred on the tangential surface. The average modulus of elasticity in bending was found to be 7525.5 Nmm² tangential, 9030.6 Nmm² radial, and 8853.4 Nmm² diagonal direction.

 Türkiyenin doğal ormanlarında beş farklı çam türü yetişmektedir. Bunlar; Kızılçam, Karaçam, Sarıçam, Fıstıkçamı ve Halep çamıdır. Sarıçam ağacının odunu, diğer çam türleri odunlarına göre daha dar yıllık halka, daha düzgün gövde, daha az odun kusuru bulundurması gibi nedenlerden dolayı birçok kullanım yeri için tercih edilmektedir. Ağaçların yetişme yeri, rakım, bakı, toprak özellikleri gibi etkenler odun özelliklerini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, üstün odun özellikleri nedeniyle tercih edilen Sarıçam odununun bazı kimyasal ekstraktif, hemiselüloz ve alfa selüloz, fiziksel yoğunluk, teğet yönde genişleme radyal genişleme ve boyuna genişleme ve mekanik özellikleri eğilme direnci, elastikiyet modülü, vida tutma direnci, statik sertlik araştırılmıştır. Kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre Sarıçam odununun 4,42 oranında ekstraktif madde, 27,72 oranında hemiselüloz ve 45,73 oranında alfa selüloz içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Fiziksel özelliklerin belirlenmesi için yapılan testler sonunda; tam kuru yoğunluk 0,535 grcm3, teğet, radyal, boyuna ve hacimsel genişleme yüzdeleri sırasıyla 8,0-4,5-0,8-13,3, lif doygunluk noktası 25 ve su alma miktarı 71 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mekanik özelliklerden; eğilme direnci ortalama değerleri teğet yüzeyde 80,7 Nmm2, radyal yüzeyde 88,8 Nmm2 ve çapraz yönde 45 85,4 Nmm2 olarak en yüksek değer radyal yüzeyde elde edilirken en düşük değer teğet yüzeyde elde edilmiştir. Eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ortalama değerleri teğet yüzeyde 7525,5 Nmm2, radyal yüzeyde 9030,6 Nmm2 ve çapraz yönde 45 8853,4 Nmm2 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Makale detayları

Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris) Grown in Sarıkamış and Other Pine Species

Yazarlar:

Vedat Çavuş | Bekir Cihad Bal | Nasır Narlıoğlu

Yayıncı:

Bartin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği

Dergi:

Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.251-263

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348066

pISSN:

1302-0943

Scots Pine

chemical properties

physical properties

mechanical propertiesFiziksel özellikler

kimyasal özellikler

mekanik özellikler Sarıçam

Sarıkamış.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Vedat Çavuş | Bekir Cihad Bal | Nasır Narlıoğlu

Yayıncı: Bartin University

Ana Başlıklar: Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği

Dergi: Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.251-263

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001348066

pISSN: 1302-0943

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Vedat Çavuş | Bekir Cihad Bal | Nasır Narlıoğlu

Yayıncı:

Bartin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği

Dergi:

Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.251-263

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348066

pISSN:

1302-0943