The Phenomenon of Tanghīm (Intonation) in Qur’anic Recitation in the Context of the Relationship Between Sound and Meaning

Alaaddin Salihoğlu

Makale detayları

The Phenomenon of Tanghīm (Intonation) in Qur’anic Recitation in the Context of the Relationship Between Sound and Meaning

Yazarlar:

Alaaddin Salihoğlu

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.115-140

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341579

pISSN:

2147-8171

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the recitation of the Qurān, proper articulation of phonetic elements, application of tajwīd rules, and implementation of melodic structures are crucial aspects. Moreover, one of the significant dynamics of Quranic recitation is achieving harmony between sound and meaning. From a phonetic perspective, it is essential to avoid monotony in recitation by preventing the vocal performance from continuing in a flat tone. Instead, it is necessary to follow a dynamic prosodic pattern that reflects the rising and falling tones of the voice, considering both the semantic and phonetic dimensions of the Quranic text. This approach enriches the acoustic features of the recitation while also enhancing the ability to convey the layered meanings of the text more effectively. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of tanghīm intonation, which plays a major role in ensuring sound-meaning harmony in Quranic recitation, through an interdisciplinary approach. By bridging linguistics, phonetics, tajwīd, qirāāt, and tafsir disciplines, this research seeks to examine the place, significance, and impact of tanghīm on meaning in Quranic recitation from an analytical perspective. The study focuses on prosodic concepts related to tanghīm, such as tatrīz, nabr, taghannī, tajwīd, and tartīl. Through a comparative analysis, the semantic content, functional importance, and practical applications of each concept have been explored, and their interrelationships have been mapped. The multi-dimensional prosodic approach adopted in this study presents the linguistic, phonetic, and semantic layers of Quranic recitation in a holistic framework, highlighting the nuances and expressive richness inherent in the recitation of the sacred text. The findings indicate that tanghīm occupies a significant position among the prosodic features of the Arabic language. This phenomenon is directly related to the tension of the vocal cords and manifests as variations in pitch. The ability of tanghīm to alter sentence semantics without additional lexical elements suggests its functional similarity to punctuation marks in written language. Furthermore, tanghīm is observed to form a sentence a prosody that reflects the speakers psychological and emotional state. The study demonstrates that tanghīm generally operates at the sentence level in linguistic analyses. However, when it is limited to specific utterances, it falls under the category of nabr emphasis. The concept of taghannī, defined as the beautification of the voice and the melodic rendering of Quranic recitation, is evaluated as a specialized variant of tanghīm unique to Quranic recitation. In other words, the study concludes that tanghīm serves as a subcomponent of taghannī. Additionally, the study proposes a re-conceptualization of the term tartīl from a contemporary phonetic and linguistic perspective. Within this framework, tartīl is defined as the art of optimizing the phonetic and prosodic features of the Quranic text during recitation. It is emphasized that tartīl adheres to various prosodic elements, such as taghannī, tajwīd, tanghīm, nabr, waqf, and rhythm. In other words, the study concludes that tartīl represents the equivalent of the prosodic reading phenomenon tatrīz in Quranic recitation. The research also investigates the presence of the tanghīm concept in classical Arabic linguistics literature. Although debates regarding this concept persist in the tradion, it has been observed that terminologies reflecting this phenomenon exist in the works of prominent linguists, along with analyses of the impact of tonal variations on meaning. Moreover, the study sheds light on the functional analysis of the tanghīm in the Qurān. Within this scope, the role of tanghīm in the Qurān is categorized into three main functions: emotional-expressive, syntactic-structural, and semantic.

 In the recitation of the Qurān, proper articulation of phonetic elements, application of tajwīd rules, and implementation of melodic structures are crucial aspects. Moreover, one of the significant dynamics of Quranic recitation is achieving harmony between sound and meaning. From a phonetic perspective, it is essential to avoid monotony in recitation by preventing the vocal performance from continuing in a flat tone. Instead, it is necessary to follow a dynamic prosodic pattern that reflects the rising and falling tones of the voice, considering both the semantic and phonetic dimensions of the Quranic text. This approach enriches the acoustic features of the recitation while also enhancing the ability to convey the layered meanings of the text more effectively. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of tanghīm intonation, which plays a major role in ensuring sound-meaning harmony in Quranic recitation, through an interdisciplinary approach. By bridging linguistics, phonetics, tajwīd, qirāāt, and tafsir disciplines, this research seeks to examine the place, significance, and impact of tanghīm on meaning in Quranic recitation from an analytical perspective. The study focuses on prosodic concepts related to tanghīm, such as tatrīz, nabr, taghannī, tajwīd, and tartīl. Through a comparative analysis, the semantic content, functional importance, and practical applications of each concept have been explored, and their interrelationships have been mapped. The multi-dimensional prosodic approach adopted in this study presents the linguistic, phonetic, and semantic layers of Quranic recitation in a holistic framework, highlighting the nuances and expressive richness inherent in the recitation of the sacred text. The findings indicate that tanghīm occupies a significant position among the prosodic features of the Arabic language. This phenomenon is directly related to the tension of the vocal cords and manifests as variations in pitch. The ability of tanghīm to alter sentence semantics without additional lexical elements suggests its functional similarity to punctuation marks in written language. Furthermore, tanghīm is observed to form a sentence a prosody that reflects the speakers psychological and emotional state. The study demonstrates that tanghīm generally operates at the sentence level in linguistic analyses. However, when it is limited to specific utterances, it falls under the category of nabr emphasis. The concept of taghannī, defined as the beautification of the voice and the melodic rendering of Quranic recitation, is evaluated as a specialized variant of tanghīm unique to Quranic recitation. In other words, the study concludes that tanghīm serves as a subcomponent of taghannī. Additionally, the study proposes a re-conceptualization of the term tartīl from a contemporary phonetic and linguistic perspective. Within this framework, tartīl is defined as the art of optimizing the phonetic and prosodic features of the Quranic text during recitation. It is emphasized that tartīl adheres to various prosodic elements, such as taghannī, tajwīd, tanghīm, nabr, waqf, and rhythm. In other words, the study concludes that tartīl represents the equivalent of the prosodic reading phenomenon tatrīz in Quranic recitation. The research also investigates the presence of the tanghīm concept in classical Arabic linguistics literature. Although debates regarding this concept persist in the tradion, it has been observed that terminologies reflecting this phenomenon exist in the works of prominent linguists, along with analyses of the impact of tonal variations on meaning. Moreover, the study sheds light on the functional analysis of the tanghīm in the Qurān. Within this scope, the role of tanghīm in the Qurān is categorized into three main functions: emotional-expressive, syntactic-structural, and semantic.

 In the recitation of the Qurān, proper articulation of phonetic elements, application of tajwīd rules, and implementation of melodic structures are crucial aspects. Moreover, one of the significant dynamics of Quranic recitation is achieving harmony between sound and meaning. From a phonetic perspective, it is essential to avoid monotony in recitation by preventing the vocal performance from continuing in a flat tone. Instead, it is necessary to follow a dynamic prosodic pattern that reflects the rising and falling tones of the voice, considering both the semantic and phonetic dimensions of the Quranic text. This approach enriches the acoustic features of the recitation while also enhancing the ability to convey the layered meanings of the text more effectively. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of tanghīm intonation, which plays a major role in ensuring sound-meaning harmony in Quranic recitation, through an interdisciplinary approach. By bridging linguistics, phonetics, tajwīd, qirāāt, and tafsir disciplines, this research seeks to examine the place, significance, and impact of tanghīm on meaning in Quranic recitation from an analytical perspective. The study focuses on prosodic concepts related to tanghīm, such as tatrīz, nabr, taghannī, tajwīd, and tartīl. Through a comparative analysis, the semantic content, functional importance, and practical applications of each concept have been explored, and their interrelationships have been mapped. The multi-dimensional prosodic approach adopted in this study presents the linguistic, phonetic, and semantic layers of Quranic recitation in a holistic framework, highlighting the nuances and expressive richness inherent in the recitation of the sacred text. The findings indicate that tanghīm occupies a significant position among the prosodic features of the Arabic language. This phenomenon is directly related to the tension of the vocal cords and manifests as variations in pitch. The ability of tanghīm to alter sentence semantics without additional lexical elements suggests its functional similarity to punctuation marks in written language. Furthermore, tanghīm is observed to form a sentence a prosody that reflects the speakers psychological and emotional state. The study demonstrates that tanghīm generally operates at the sentence level in linguistic analyses. However, when it is limited to specific utterances, it falls under the category of nabr emphasis. The concept of taghannī, defined as the beautification of the voice and the melodic rendering of Quranic recitation, is evaluated as a specialized variant of tanghīm unique to Quranic recitation. In other words, the study concludes that tanghīm serves as a subcomponent of taghannī. Additionally, the study proposes a re-conceptualization of the term tartīl from a contemporary phonetic and linguistic perspective. Within this framework, tartīl is defined as the art of optimizing the phonetic and prosodic features of the Quranic text during recitation. It is emphasized that tartīl adheres to various prosodic elements, such as taghannī, tajwīd, tanghīm, nabr, waqf, and rhythm. In other words, the study concludes that tartīl represents the equivalent of the prosodic reading phenomenon tatrīz in Quranic recitation. The research also investigates the presence of the tanghīm concept in classical Arabic linguistics literature. Although debates regarding this concept persist in the tradion, it has been observed that terminologies reflecting this phenomenon exist in the works of prominent linguists, along with analyses of the impact of tonal variations on meaning. Moreover, the study sheds light on the functional analysis of the tanghīm in the Qurān. Within this scope, the role of tanghīm in the Qurān is categorized into three main functions: emotional-expressive, syntactic-structural, and semantic.

 Kuran-ı Kerimin tilâvetinde, fonetik unsurların doğru seslendirilmesi, tecvîd kaidelerinin tatbiki ve melodik yapının uygulanması ehemmiyet arz eden hususlardandır. Bununla beraber, Kuran kıraatinin mühim dinamiklerinden biri de tilâvette ses-mana uyumunun sağlanmasıdır. Kuran okunuşunda, ses icrasının tekdüze bir tonda devam etmesi suretiyle yeknesak bir yapı sergilememesi, aksine Kuran metninin semantik ve fonetik boyutlarını dikkate alarak ses perdesinde tezahür eden yükseliş ve alçalışlarla canlı bir prozodik örüntü takip etmesi, fonetik açıdan zaruri addedilmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, tilâvetin ses örgüsünü zenginleştirirken, aynı zamanda metnin anlam katmanlarını daha etkili bir biçimde yansıtma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kuran tilâvetinde ses-anlam uyumunu sağlamakta büyük rol oynayan tenğîm tonlama olgusunu interdisipliner bir yaklaşımla ele almayı hedeflemektedir. Dilbilim, sesbilim, tecvîd, kıraat ve tefsir ilimleri arasında köprü kurma gayretinde olan bu araştırma, tenğîm olgusunun Kuran tilâvetindeki yerini, önemini ve manaya etkisini analitik bir perspektifle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, başta tenğîm olmak üzere, tatrîz, nebr, teğannî, tecvîd ve tertîl gibi tenğîm ile alakalı prozodik kavramlar üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu minvalde, her bir kavramın delâleti, işlevsel önemi ve tatbiki boyutları mukayeseli bir yöntem çerçevesinde tahlil edilmiş ve aralarındaki münasebetler haritalandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, Arap dili prozodik sistemi içerisinde tenğîm olgusunun müstesna bir yer tuttuğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu olgu, ses tellerinin gerilim derecesiyle doğrudan ilişkili olup, sesin yükseklik ve alçaklığındaki değişimleri ifade etmektedir. Tenğîmin, yeni lafızlar ilave etme ihtiyacı duymaksızın cümle semantiğini değiştirme kabiliyeti, onun sözlü hitaptaki işlevinin yazılı dildeki noktalama işaretleriyle benzerlik gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, tenğîmin konuşmacının psikolojik ve duygusal durumunu yansıtan bir cümle prozodisi oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, tenğîmin dilbilimsel analizlerde genellikle cümle düzeyinde işlevsellik gösterdiğini, ancak spesifik bir lafızda sınırlı kaldığı durumlarda nebr vurgu kategorisine dahil edildiğini göstermektedir. Teğannî kavramı ise, Kuran tilâvetinde sesin güzelleştirilmesi ve melodik bir tarzda seslendirilmesi şeklinde tarif edilmekte olup, tenğîm olgusunun Kuran tilâvetine özgü geliştirilmiş bir versiyonu olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Başka bir tabirle, tenğîm olgusunun, teğannînin bir alt bileşeni olduğunu açıklamaktadır. Araştırma, ayrıca tertîl kavramının çağdaş fonetik ve dilbilim bakımından yeniden kavramsallaştırılmasını önermektedir. Bu bağlamda tertîl, Kuran metninin fonetik açıdan en iyi hala getirilmiş ve prozodik özelliklerinin belirginleştirilmiş bir biçimde telaffuz edilmesi sanatı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tertîlin, başta teğannî olmak üzere, tecvîd, tenğîm, nebr, vakf ve ritim gibi çeşitli prozodik unsurlara riayet ettiğinin altı çizilmiştir. Diğer bir ifadeyle tertîlin, prozodik okuma tatrîz olgusunun Kuran tilâvetindeki muadili olduğu neticesine ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, tenğîm kavramının klasik Arap dilbilimi literatüründeki mevcudiyeti irdelenmiştir. Söz konusu gelenekte mezkûr kavramın varlığına dair tartışmalar süregelse de araştırmalar sonucunda, önde gelen dilbilimcilerin eserlerinde bu olguyu karşılayan terminolojinin kullanıldığı ve ses tonu değişikliklerinin anlam üzerindeki etkisinin incelendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bunu yanı sıra Kuranda tenğîm olgusunun işlevsel analizine ışık tutulmuştur. Bu çerçevede, Tenğîmin Kurandaki rolü üç ana kategoride değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlar; Duygusal-ifadesel işlev, sözdizimsel-yapısal işlev ve anlamsal işlevdir.

Makale detayları

The Phenomenon of Tanghīm (Intonation) in Qur’anic Recitation in the Context of the Relationship Between Sound and Meaning

Yazarlar:

Alaaddin Salihoğlu

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.115-140

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341579

pISSN:

2147-8171

Qur'ān Recitation and Qirā'āt Science

Tilāwah

Tanghīm (Intonation)

Tatrīz (Prosodic Reading)

Taghannī

Tartīl.Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve Kırâat İlmi

Tilâvet

Tenğîm (Tonlama)

Tatrîz (Prozodik Okuma)

Teğannî

Tertîl.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Alaaddin Salihoğlu

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.115-140

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001341579

pISSN: 2147-8171

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Alaaddin Salihoğlu

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.115-140

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341579

pISSN:

2147-8171