THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION OF THE BASMACI MOVEMENT AND THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE SOVIETS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MUSTAFA ÇOKAY’S WRITINGS (1917-1930)

Talgat Zholdassuly

Makale detayları

THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION OF THE BASMACI MOVEMENT AND THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE SOVIETS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MUSTAFA ÇOKAY’S WRITINGS (1917-1930)

Yazarlar:

Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 49, pp.867-903

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334752

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The article examines the religious landscape of Central Asia in the aftermath of the October Revolution, highlighting the initial Islamic policies implemented by the Bolsheviks and the emergence of the Basmachi movement as a Muslim response to these policies. Protests against Soviet secular reforms and the governments religious policies, collectively referred to as the Basmachi movement, that spread across Central Asia. In response to these Muslim reactions, the Bolsheviks were compelled to reconsider their atheistic policies. Notably, Enver Pasha, an Ottoman politician active during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, also played a role in the Basmachi uprising. This work primarily draws on the writings of Kazakh intellectual Mustafa Shokay, who resided in Central Asia during this period and was forced to leave the country due to the political climate following the Bolshevik rise to power. Shokay observed the initial religious reforms implemented by the Soviets in the Turkestan region and engaged with various groups, including the Jadidists and Basmachis, who responded differently to these reforms. Consequently, Shokays memoirs and Russian articles published in various periodicals provide valuable historical insights. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial Islamic policies of the Bolsheviks in Turkestan and the fundamentally religious nature of the Basmachi movement, which emerged as a response to these policies, as articulated in Shokays writings. Additionally, the study will examine the changes in Soviet religious policy prompted by the Basmachi movement, alongside the actions of the Jadidists and issues concerning women. While it is acknowledged that the publishing movement had political, social, and economic underpinnings, this study will primarily focus on its religious dimensions. In summary, it can be argued that the Islamic policy of the Soviets in Turkestan evolved in response to the political dynamics represented by the Basmachi movement, leading to a temporary suspension of their anti-Islamic measures.

 The article examines the religious landscape of Central Asia in the aftermath of the October Revolution, highlighting the initial Islamic policies implemented by the Bolsheviks and the emergence of the Basmachi movement as a Muslim response to these policies. Protests against Soviet secular reforms and the governments religious policies, collectively referred to as the Basmachi movement, that spread across Central Asia. In response to these Muslim reactions, the Bolsheviks were compelled to reconsider their atheistic policies. Notably, Enver Pasha, an Ottoman politician active during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, also played a role in the Basmachi uprising. This work primarily draws on the writings of Kazakh intellectual Mustafa Shokay, who resided in Central Asia during this period and was forced to leave the country due to the political climate following the Bolshevik rise to power. Shokay observed the initial religious reforms implemented by the Soviets in the Turkestan region and engaged with various groups, including the Jadidists and Basmachis, who responded differently to these reforms. Consequently, Shokays memoirs and Russian articles published in various periodicals provide valuable historical insights. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial Islamic policies of the Bolsheviks in Turkestan and the fundamentally religious nature of the Basmachi movement, which emerged as a response to these policies, as articulated in Shokays writings. Additionally, the study will examine the changes in Soviet religious policy prompted by the Basmachi movement, alongside the actions of the Jadidists and issues concerning women. While it is acknowledged that the publishing movement had political, social, and economic underpinnings, this study will primarily focus on its religious dimensions. In summary, it can be argued that the Islamic policy of the Soviets in Turkestan evolved in response to the political dynamics represented by the Basmachi movement, leading to a temporary suspension of their anti-Islamic measures.

 The article examines the religious landscape of Central Asia in the aftermath of the October Revolution, highlighting the initial Islamic policies implemented by the Bolsheviks and the emergence of the Basmachi movement as a Muslim response to these policies. Protests against Soviet secular reforms and the governments religious policies, collectively referred to as the Basmachi movement, that spread across Central Asia. In response to these Muslim reactions, the Bolsheviks were compelled to reconsider their atheistic policies. Notably, Enver Pasha, an Ottoman politician active during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, also played a role in the Basmachi uprising. This work primarily draws on the writings of Kazakh intellectual Mustafa Shokay, who resided in Central Asia during this period and was forced to leave the country due to the political climate following the Bolshevik rise to power. Shokay observed the initial religious reforms implemented by the Soviets in the Turkestan region and engaged with various groups, including the Jadidists and Basmachis, who responded differently to these reforms. Consequently, Shokays memoirs and Russian articles published in various periodicals provide valuable historical insights. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial Islamic policies of the Bolsheviks in Turkestan and the fundamentally religious nature of the Basmachi movement, which emerged as a response to these policies, as articulated in Shokays writings. Additionally, the study will examine the changes in Soviet religious policy prompted by the Basmachi movement, alongside the actions of the Jadidists and issues concerning women. While it is acknowledged that the publishing movement had political, social, and economic underpinnings, this study will primarily focus on its religious dimensions. In summary, it can be argued that the Islamic policy of the Soviets in Turkestan evolved in response to the political dynamics represented by the Basmachi movement, leading to a temporary suspension of their anti-Islamic measures.

 Çalışmada Ekim devrimini takip eden yıllardaki Orta Asyadaki dinî koşullar, Bolşeviklerin ilk İslam politikaları ve Müslümanların bu politikalara karşı tepki olarak ortaya çıkan Basmacı hareketi hakkında anlatılmaktadır. Sovyetlerin laik reformlarına ve dinî duruşuna karşı Basmacı hareketi olarak bilinen protestolar tüm Orta Asyaya yayılmıştır. Bu siyasi koşullar nedeniyle Sovyetlerin din politikası da değişime uğramıştır. Osmanlı Devletinin son yıllarında etkin olan Osmanlı siyasetçisi Enver Paşa da Basmacı ayaklanmasına katılmıştır. Çalışma esas olarak o dönemde Orta Asyada yaşayan ve Bolşeviklerin iktidara gelmesinden sonra siyasi koşullar nedeniyle yurt dışına çıkmak zorunda kalan Kazak aydını Mustafa Çokayın yazılarına dayanmaktadır. Çokay, Türkistan coğrafyasındaki Sovyetlerin ilk dinî reformlarına, bu reformlara farklı tepkiler veren Cedidçiler ile Basmacıların eylemlerine tanıklık etmiş ve siyasi hayatında bu gruplarla etkileşime girmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmaya kaynaklık eden Çokayın söz konusu konuyla ilgili anıları ve çeşitli süreli yayınlarda yayımlanan Rusça yazıları tarihsel veri açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı da Çokayın yazılarına göre Bolşeviklerin Türkistandaki ilk genel İslami politikasını ve ona tepki olarak meydana gelen Basmacı hareketinin sadece dinî niteliğini göstermektir. Bununla birlikte Çokayın yazılarından yola çıkarak Sovyetlerin din politikasında Basmacı hareketi nedeniyle oluşan değişikliklere, Cedidçilerin eylemlerine ve kadın sorunlarına değinilecektir. Basmacı hareketinin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik nedenlerinin olduğunu da inkar edilmez ancak bu çalışmada bu hareketin sadece dinî niteliği üzerinde durulacaktır. Kısacası söz konusu dönemde Türkistandaki Sovyetlerin İslami politikasının siyasi şartlara, yani Basmacı hareketine bağlı olarak değiştiği ve İslama yönelik saldırıyı geçici olarak askıya almak zorunda kaldıkları söylenebilir.

Makale detayları

THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION OF THE BASMACI MOVEMENT AND THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE SOVIETS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MUSTAFA ÇOKAY’S WRITINGS (1917-1930)

Yazarlar:

Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 49, pp.867-903

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334752

pISSN:

1300-0756

Soviets

Bolsheviks

Turkestan

Islam

Muslims

Enver Pasha.Sovyetler

Bolşevikler

Türkistan

İslam

Müslümanlar

Enver Paşa.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 49, pp.867-903

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001334752

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 49, pp.867-903

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334752

pISSN:

1300-0756