Family Policies in the Context of Welfare State Typologies: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey’s Position

Eray Karagöz

Makale detayları

Family Policies in the Context of Welfare State Typologies: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey’s Position

Yazarlar:

Eray Karagöz

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Aile Sosyolojisi

Dergi:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.27 Issue Aile Özel Sayısı, pp.300-314

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348042

pISSN:

1302-1265

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study examines the position of states within different welfare regime typologies by analyzing structural indicators such as parental leave policies, public expenditures on family support e.g., childcare, cash transfers, and maternal employment rates. The study builds on the classical welfare regime literature and adopts the welfare state strategy classification proposed by Misra, Budig, and Moller 2006 as its main theoretical framework. Thirteen OECD countries, including three representative countries for each strategy type, along with Turkey, are categorized under four main welfare strategies Country-level data were drawn from the OECD Family Database and analyzed based on five structural indicators: duration of paid maternity leave, total paid parental leave, public family expenditure as a percentage of GDP, and maternal employment rates. The findings reveal that countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, which follow the earnercarer model, offer a more inclusive policy framework grounded in gender equality. In contrast, conservative and liberal regimes tend to rely on fragmented or market-based solutions. Turkey, with its low level of public support and family-centered policy orientation, represents a hybrid model that struggles to reconcile womens dual burden of paid labor and caregiving responsibilities. The study concludes with shortlong term policy recommendations aimed at supporting Turkeys transition toward a more equitable and gender-sensitive welfare architecture.

 This study examines the position of states within different welfare regime typologies by analyzing structural indicators such as parental leave policies, public expenditures on family support e.g., childcare, cash transfers, and maternal employment rates. The study builds on the classical welfare regime literature and adopts the welfare state strategy classification proposed by Misra, Budig, and Moller 2006 as its main theoretical framework. Thirteen OECD countries, including three representative countries for each strategy type, along with Turkey, are categorized under four main welfare strategies Country-level data were drawn from the OECD Family Database and analyzed based on five structural indicators: duration of paid maternity leave, total paid parental leave, public family expenditure as a percentage of GDP, and maternal employment rates. The findings reveal that countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, which follow the earnercarer model, offer a more inclusive policy framework grounded in gender equality. In contrast, conservative and liberal regimes tend to rely on fragmented or market-based solutions. Turkey, with its low level of public support and family-centered policy orientation, represents a hybrid model that struggles to reconcile womens dual burden of paid labor and caregiving responsibilities. The study concludes with shortlong term policy recommendations aimed at supporting Turkeys transition toward a more equitable and gender-sensitive welfare architecture.

 This study examines the position of states within different welfare regime typologies by analyzing structural indicators such as parental leave policies, public expenditures on family support e.g., childcare, cash transfers, and maternal employment rates. The study builds on the classical welfare regime literature and adopts the welfare state strategy classification proposed by Misra, Budig, and Moller 2006 as its main theoretical framework. Thirteen OECD countries, including three representative countries for each strategy type, along with Turkey, are categorized under four main welfare strategies Country-level data were drawn from the OECD Family Database and analyzed based on five structural indicators: duration of paid maternity leave, total paid parental leave, public family expenditure as a percentage of GDP, and maternal employment rates. The findings reveal that countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, which follow the earnercarer model, offer a more inclusive policy framework grounded in gender equality. In contrast, conservative and liberal regimes tend to rely on fragmented or market-based solutions. Turkey, with its low level of public support and family-centered policy orientation, represents a hybrid model that struggles to reconcile womens dual burden of paid labor and caregiving responsibilities. The study concludes with shortlong term policy recommendations aimed at supporting Turkeys transition toward a more equitable and gender-sensitive welfare architecture.

 Bu çalışma, devletlerin ebeveyn izni uygulamaları, aileye yönelik kamu harcamaları çocuk bakımı, nakdi yardımlar vb. ve anne istihdam oranları gibi yapısal göstergeler üzerinden, farklı refah devleti tipolojileri içindeki konumlarını incelemektedir. Klasik refah rejimlerine dair literatürün tartışıldığı çalışmada, temel kuramsal çerçeve olarak Misra, Budig ve Moller 2006 tarafından önerilen refah devleti stratejisi sınıflaması benimsenmiştir. Her biri bir strateji tipini temsil eden üçer OECD ülkesi ile Türkiye dahil olmak üzere toplam 13 ülke, dört temel refah rejimi altında gruplandırılmıştır. Bu ülkelere ait veriler, OECD Family Database temel alınarak analiz edilmiş; başlıca göstergeler olarak ücretli doğum izni süresi, ebeveyn izni süresi, aile harcamalarının GSYİH içindeki oranı ve anne istihdam oranı ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, İsveç, Norveç ve Danimarka gibi çift kazanç sağlayıcıçift bakıcı modelini benimseyen ülkelerin, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini önceleyen, daha kapsayıcı bir politika mimarisi sunduğunu; muhafazakâr ve liberal rejimlerin ise daha çok parçalı veya piyasa temelli çözümlerle sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Türkiye ise düşük düzeyli kamusal destek ve aile temelli politika yapısıyla, kadınların ücretli emek ve bakım yükü arasında denge kurmasını zorlaştıran melez bir model sergilemektedir. Çalışma, Türkiyenin daha adil ve cinsiyet eşitliğine duyarlı bir refah mimarisi geliştirmesine katkı sunabilecek kısa ve uzun vadeli politika önerileriyle sonlandırılmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Family Policies in the Context of Welfare State Typologies: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey’s Position

Yazarlar:

Eray Karagöz

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Aile Sosyolojisi

Dergi:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.27 Issue Aile Özel Sayısı, pp.300-314

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348042

pISSN:

1302-1265

welfare regime typologies

family policy

women

parental leave

Turkey

gender equality

childcarerefah devleti tipolojileri

aile politikası

kadın istihdamı

ebeveyn izni

Türkiye

toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği

çocuk bakımı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Eray Karagöz

Yayıncı: Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar: Aile Sosyolojisi

Dergi: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.27 Issue Aile Özel Sayısı, pp.300-314

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001348042

pISSN: 1302-1265

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Eray Karagöz

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Aile Sosyolojisi

Dergi:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.27 Issue Aile Özel Sayısı, pp.300-314

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348042

pISSN:

1302-1265