Muarrij al-Sadusi and and the Content of His Book Kitāb al-Amthāl, His Methodology and Contribution to the Proverb Literature

Mehmet Demirbilek

Makale detayları

Muarrij al-Sadusi and and the Content of His Book Kitāb al-Amthāl, His Methodology and Contribution to the Proverb Literature

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Demirbilek

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.151-169

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334832

pISSN:

1304-639X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, Muarrij al-Sadusi d. 204820 or later and his Kitāb al-amthāl which he wrote in the field of proverbs, are focused on. In this context, first of all, Muarrijs life, scientific and literary personality are mentioned, his teachers and students are pointed out, and information about his works is given. Then, Kitāb al-amthāl was discussed; It was examined in terms of its content, classification and commentary method, and its contribution to the proverb literature. After spending part of his life in the desert and learning Arabic from Bedouin Arabs, Muarrij came to Basra and educated himself by taking lessons from various teachers in fields such as hadith, lineage and history, especially linguistics. Also, in addition to Kitāb al-amthāl, he wrote works such as Kitābu Hazf min nesebi Quraysh, Kitāb al-Anvâ, Ansâbu Şaybân, Cemâhîrul-kabâil, Garîbül-Qurân, Kitābu al-Maʿânî and Maʿânî al-Qurʾân also sheds light on his competence in many fields. Although Muarrij is a scholar who has written works in various fields, he has come to the fore mostly in linguistic sciences. In this context, qualities such as being the greatest of linguists, a scholar in Arabic, and the leader of grammarians have been attributed to him. It was also said that he was a star among Halil ibn Ahmeds students who knew vocabulary and poetry well. Unfortunately, only two couplets of Muarrij, who is said to have been a poet and the author of many poems in addition to his knowledge of poetry, have survived to the present day. It has been stated that these two couplets are the best poems ever written on the subject on which they were written. Muarrijs Kitāb al-amthāl is the second book written in the field of proverbs that has survived to the present day. In addition to proverbs, this book contains Arabic words, unfamiliar words, itbaʿ type words, poems, hadiths and a verse from the Quran. Although the author usually explained the unfamiliar words, he included in his work by bringing witnesses from the poem, he rarely mentioned the parable in which it was included. While it is seen that he used the hadiths and itbaʿs in his book as proverbs, he brought the verse of the Quran as a witness to the meaning of a word. The author mentioned many poems in his work, used poems as a source of istishhad for the explanation of unfamiliar words while explaining proverbs or to show that the proverbs he mentioned in his work were mentioned in poems. Apart from these, it is also seen that he included poems without any purpose and did not provide an explanation for them. For a long time, in the writing of proverbs books, the historical method, which corresponds to including events and stories related to the proverbs, or the lexical method, which envisages commenting on the strange words in the text, touching on the nuances between word groups, including grammatical analysis and making istishhad for them, have been followed. Kitāb al-amthāl, which was written by using the lexical method of these two methods, is accepted as the first work that has survived to the present day written with the lexical method in proverb literature. It can be said that Muarrijs identity as a grammarian and lexicographer was effective in writing the work with this method. Due to these features, Kitāb al-amthāl is a book that has played a pioneering role in the formation of some understandings and traditions in proverb literature. As a matter of fact, it is the first book of proverbs in which a proverb was classified according to the time and geography in which it appeared, the hadiths that became proverbs were included for the first time, the tradition of accepting itbâʿs as proverbs was started. Kitāb al-amthāl is a work that is accepted in the proverb literature and continues the understandings it puts forward. This is demonstrated by the fact that scholars such as Abu Ubayd al-Qasım, Al-Mufaddal ibn Salama, Abu Bakr ibn Anbari, Abu Hilal al-Askari and Maidani, who wrote books on the subject, quoted and benefited from this book in their works. In addition, when the quotations and transfers made by the mentioned scholars from Kitāb al-amthāl are compared with the current version of the work, it is concluded that some of the transfers are not present in the work we have or are incomplete. This situation reveals that Kitāb al-amthāl was more voluminous and comprehensive and has not survived to the present day in its original form.

 Bu çalışmada Müerric es-Sedûsî öl. 204820 veya sonrası ve mesel alanında kaleme almış olduğu Kitâbül-Emsâli üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çerçevede öncelikle Müerricin hayatı, ilmî ve edebî kişiliğinden söz edilmiş, hocaları ve öğrencilerine değinilmiş ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra Kitâbül-Emsâl ele alınmış; muhteva, tasnif ve şerh yöntemi ile mesel literatürüne katkısı incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Müerric, hayatının bir bölümünü çölde geçirip bedevi Araplardan Arapçayı öğrendikten sonra Basraya gelmiş ve dil ilimleri başta olmak üzere hadis, ensâb ve tarih gibi alanlarda muhtelif hocalardan ders alarak kendisini yetiştirmiştir. Müerricin Kitâbül-Emsâl dışında Kitâbü Hazf min nesebi Kureyş, Kitâbül-Envâ, Ensâbü Şeybân, Cemâhîrul-kabâil, Garîbül-Kurân, Kitâbül-Meʿânî ile Meʿânil-Kurʾân gibi eserleri kaleme almış olması birçok alanda yetkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Müerric, çeşitli alanlarda eserler kaleme almış bir alim olmakla birlikte daha çok dil ilimlerinde ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda ona dilcilerin büyüğü, Arapçada alim ve nahivcilerin önderi gibi vasıflar isnad edilmiştir. Ayrıca kendisinin Halil b. Ahmedin talebeleri arasında lügati ve şiiri iyi bilen bir yıldız olduğu söylenmiştir. Şiire yönelik bilgisinin yanı sıra şair olduğu ve birçok şiir inşâd ettiği söylenen Müerricin ne yazık ki günümüze sadece iki beyti ulaşabilmiştir. Bu iki beytin söylendiği alanda en iyi şiir olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Müerricin Kitâbül-Emsâli, Mufaddal ed-Dabbînin Kitâbül-Emsâlinden sonra mesel alanında yazılan günümüze ulaşabilmiş ikinci kitaptır. Bu kitapta mesellerin yanı sıra Arap kavilleri, garip sözcükler, itbâʿ türünden kelimeler, şiirler, hadisler ve bir Kurân ayeti bulunmaktadır. Müellifin eserine aldığı garip kelimeleri genellikle şiirden şâhid getirerek açıkladığı görülse de nadir olarak içerisinde yer aldığı meseli de zikretmiştir. Kitabında yer verdiği hadisleri ve itbâʿları mesel olarak ele aldığı görülürken Kurân ayetini ise bir kelimenin anlamına şâhid olarak getirmiştir. Eserinde birçok şiir zikreden müellif, bunları meselleri izah ederken garip kelimelerin şerhi için istişhâd kaynağı olarak veya eserinde zikrettiği mesellerin şiirde geçtiğini göstermek için kullanmıştır. Bunların dışında herhangi bir amaç gözetmeksizin şiire yer verdiği ve bunlara bir açıklama getirmediği de görülmektedir. Öteden beri mesel kitaplarının yazımında, meselleri ele alırken onunla alakalı olaylara ve hikayelere yer vermeye karşılık gelen tarihî yöntem ya da metninde bulunan garip kelimelerin şerh edilmesi, kelime grupları arasındaki nüanslara değinilmesi, dilbilgisi tahlillerine yer verilmesi ve bunlar için istişhâtta bulunulmasını ön gören lügavî yöntem takip edilmiştir. Bu iki yöntemden lügavî olanına başvurularak kaleme alınan Kitâbül-Emsâl, mesel literatüründe lügavî metotla yazılmış günümüze ulaşan ilk eser kabul edilmektedir. Eserin bu yöntemle kaleme alınmasında Müerricin nahivci ve lügatçi kimliğinin etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Kitâbül-Emsâl haiz olduğu bu özelliklerden dolayı mesel literatüründe birtakım anlayışların ve geleneklerin oluşmasında öncü rol oynamış bir kitaptır. Nitekim ilgili eser tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla bir meselin ortaya çıktığı zamana ve coğrafyaya göre taksiminin ilk kez yapıldığı, meselleşmiş hadislere ilk defa yer verilen ve itbâʿların mesel olarak kabul edilme geleneğinin başlatıldığı ilk mesel kitabıdır. Kitâbül-Emsâl mesel literatüründe kabul görmüş ve ortaya koyduğu anlayışlar devam ettirilmiştir. Mesel konusunda kitap telif eden Ebû Ubeyd Kâsım b. Sellâm, Mufaddal b. Seleme, İbnül-Enbârî, Ebû Hilâl el-Askerî ve Meydânî gibi alimlerin eserlerinde bu kitaptan alıntılarda bulunmaları ve istifade etmeleri buna işaret etmektedir. Buna ek olarak Kitâbül-Emsâlden sözü edilen alimlerin yaptığı alıntılar ve nakiller, eserin günümüzdeki hâli ile mukayese edildiğinde nakillerin bir kısmının elimizdeki eserde bulunmadığı veya eksik surette olduğu neticesine ulaşılmıştır. Bu durum Kitâbül-Emsâlin aslında daha hacimli ve şümullü olup günümüze orijinal haliyle ulaşmadığını gözler önüne sermektedir.

 In this study, Muarrij al-Sadusi d. 204820 or later and his Kitāb al-amthāl which he wrote in the field of proverbs, are focused on. In this context, first of all, Muarrijs life, scientific and literary personality are mentioned, his teachers and students are pointed out, and information about his works is given. Then, Kitāb al-amthāl was discussed; It was examined in terms of its content, classification and commentary method, and its contribution to the proverb literature. After spending part of his life in the desert and learning Arabic from Bedouin Arabs, Muarrij came to Basra and educated himself by taking lessons from various teachers in fields such as hadith, lineage and history, especially linguistics. Also, in addition to Kitāb al-amthāl, he wrote works such as Kitābu Hazf min nesebi Quraysh, Kitāb al-Anvâ, Ansâbu Şaybân, Cemâhîrul-kabâil, Garîbül-Qurân, Kitābu al-Maʿânî and Maʿânî al-Qurʾân also sheds light on his competence in many fields. Although Muarrij is a scholar who has written works in various fields, he has come to the fore mostly in linguistic sciences. In this context, qualities such as being the greatest of linguists, a scholar in Arabic, and the leader of grammarians have been attributed to him. It was also said that he was a star among Halil ibn Ahmeds students who knew vocabulary and poetry well. Unfortunately, only two couplets of Muarrij, who is said to have been a poet and the author of many poems in addition to his knowledge of poetry, have survived to the present day. It has been stated that these two couplets are the best poems ever written on the subject on which they were written. Muarrijs Kitāb al-amthāl is the second book written in the field of proverbs that has survived to the present day. In addition to proverbs, this book contains Arabic words, unfamiliar words, itbaʿ type words, poems, hadiths and a verse from the Quran. Although the author usually explained the unfamiliar words, he included in his work by bringing witnesses from the poem, he rarely mentioned the parable in which it was included. While it is seen that he used the hadiths and itbaʿs in his book as proverbs, he brought the verse of the Quran as a witness to the meaning of a word. The author mentioned many poems in his work, used poems as a source of istishhad for the explanation of unfamiliar words while explaining proverbs or to show that the proverbs he mentioned in his work were mentioned in poems. Apart from these, it is also seen that he included poems without any purpose and did not provide an explanation for them. For a long time, in the writing of proverbs books, the historical method, which corresponds to including events and stories related to the proverbs, or the lexical method, which envisages commenting on the strange words in the text, touching on the nuances between word groups, including grammatical analysis and making istishhad for them, have been followed. Kitāb al-amthāl, which was written by using the lexical method of these two methods, is accepted as the first work that has survived to the present day written with the lexical method in proverb literature. It can be said that Muarrijs identity as a grammarian and lexicographer was effective in writing the work with this method. Due to these features, Kitāb al-amthāl is a book that has played a pioneering role in the formation of some understandings and traditions in proverb literature. As a matter of fact, it is the first book of proverbs in which a proverb was classified according to the time and geography in which it appeared, the hadiths that became proverbs were included for the first time, the tradition of accepting itbâʿs as proverbs was started. Kitāb al-amthāl is a work that is accepted in the proverb literature and continues the understandings it puts forward. This is demonstrated by the fact that scholars such as Abu Ubayd al-Qasım, Al-Mufaddal ibn Salama, Abu Bakr ibn Anbari, Abu Hilal al-Askari and Maidani, who wrote books on the subject, quoted and benefited from this book in their works. In addition, when the quotations and transfers made by the mentioned scholars from Kitāb al-amthāl are compared with the current version of the work, it is concluded that some of the transfers are not present in the work we have or are incomplete. This situation reveals that Kitāb al-amthāl was more voluminous and comprehensive and has not survived to the present day in its original form.

 In this study, Muarrij al-Sadusi d. 204820 or later and his Kitāb al-amthāl which he wrote in the field of proverbs, are focused on. In this context, first of all, Muarrijs life, scientific and literary personality are mentioned, his teachers and students are pointed out, and information about his works is given. Then, Kitāb al-amthāl was discussed; It was examined in terms of its content, classification and commentary method, and its contribution to the proverb literature. After spending part of his life in the desert and learning Arabic from Bedouin Arabs, Muarrij came to Basra and educated himself by taking lessons from various teachers in fields such as hadith, lineage and history, especially linguistics. Also, in addition to Kitāb al-amthāl, he wrote works such as Kitābu Hazf min nesebi Quraysh, Kitāb al-Anvâ, Ansâbu Şaybân, Cemâhîrul-kabâil, Garîbül-Qurân, Kitābu al-Maʿânî and Maʿânî al-Qurʾân also sheds light on his competence in many fields. Although Muarrij is a scholar who has written works in various fields, he has come to the fore mostly in linguistic sciences. In this context, qualities such as being the greatest of linguists, a scholar in Arabic, and the leader of grammarians have been attributed to him. It was also said that he was a star among Halil ibn Ahmeds students who knew vocabulary and poetry well. Unfortunately, only two couplets of Muarrij, who is said to have been a poet and the author of many poems in addition to his knowledge of poetry, have survived to the present day. It has been stated that these two couplets are the best poems ever written on the subject on which they were written. Muarrijs Kitāb al-amthāl is the second book written in the field of proverbs that has survived to the present day. In addition to proverbs, this book contains Arabic words, unfamiliar words, itbaʿ type words, poems, hadiths and a verse from the Quran. Although the author usually explained the unfamiliar words, he included in his work by bringing witnesses from the poem, he rarely mentioned the parable in which it was included. While it is seen that he used the hadiths and itbaʿs in his book as proverbs, he brought the verse of the Quran as a witness to the meaning of a word. The author mentioned many poems in his work, used poems as a source of istishhad for the explanation of unfamiliar words while explaining proverbs or to show that the proverbs he mentioned in his work were mentioned in poems. Apart from these, it is also seen that he included poems without any purpose and did not provide an explanation for them. For a long time, in the writing of proverbs books, the historical method, which corresponds to including events and stories related to the proverbs, or the lexical method, which envisages commenting on the strange words in the text, touching on the nuances between word groups, including grammatical analysis and making istishhad for them, have been followed. Kitāb al-amthāl, which was written by using the lexical method of these two methods, is accepted as the first work that has survived to the present day written with the lexical method in proverb literature. It can be said that Muarrijs identity as a grammarian and lexicographer was effective in writing the work with this method. Due to these features, Kitāb al-amthāl is a book that has played a pioneering role in the formation of some understandings and traditions in proverb literature. As a matter of fact, it is the first book of proverbs in which a proverb was classified according to the time and geography in which it appeared, the hadiths that became proverbs were included for the first time, the tradition of accepting itbâʿs as proverbs was started. Kitāb al-amthāl is a work that is accepted in the proverb literature and continues the understandings it puts forward. This is demonstrated by the fact that scholars such as Abu Ubayd al-Qasım, Al-Mufaddal ibn Salama, Abu Bakr ibn Anbari, Abu Hilal al-Askari and Maidani, who wrote books on the subject, quoted and benefited from this book in their works. In addition, when the quotations and transfers made by the mentioned scholars from Kitāb al-amthāl are compared with the current version of the work, it is concluded that some of the transfers are not present in the work we have or are incomplete. This situation reveals that Kitāb al-amthāl was more voluminous and comprehensive and has not survived to the present day in its original form.

Makale detayları

Muarrij al-Sadusi and and the Content of His Book Kitāb al-Amthāl, His Methodology and Contribution to the Proverb Literature

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Demirbilek

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.151-169

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334832

pISSN:

1304-639X

Arabic Language and Literature

Proverb

Muarrij al-Sadusi

Kitāb al-amthāl.Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı

Atasözü

Mesel

Müerric es-Sedûsî

Kitâbü’l-Emsâl.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Demirbilek

Yayıncı: Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.151-169

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001334832

pISSN: 1304-639X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Demirbilek

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.151-169

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334832

pISSN:

1304-639X