CONVERGENCE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES OF SELECTED OECD COUNTRIES TO THE UNITED STATES: APPLICATION OF WAVELET-BASED FOURIER UNIT ROOT TESTS

Zerrin Dürrü

Makale detayları

CONVERGENCE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES OF SELECTED OECD COUNTRIES TO THE UNITED STATES: APPLICATION OF WAVELET-BASED FOURIER UNIT ROOT TESTS

Yazarlar:

Zerrin Dürrü

Yayıncı:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uygulamalı Makro Ekonometri | Sağlık Ekonomisi

Dergi:

Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 3, pp.1047-1079

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359393

pISSN:

2147-9208

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Health is one of the largest sectors in the world economy and its importance is increasing. For more than the last thirty years, there has been a sharp and continuous rapid increase in health expenditures in generel most developed countries. High-income countries in particular have a share in this rapid increase, with the United States of America having the highest share. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of high-income OECD countries such as Australia, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom, which have a high annual average share of gross domestic product allocated to total health expenditures, to the United States, which has the highest health expenditure both within the selected OECD and worldwide, with wavelet-based linear and non-linear new Fourier unit root tests that take into account the smooth structural changes and frequency domain in the series. The findings of the study indicate that Canada and the United Kingdom converge to the USA in total health expenditures, while Australia, Germany, Norway, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, the Netherlands and New Zealand diverged from the USA.

 Health is one of the largest sectors in the world economy and its importance is increasing. For more than the last thirty years, there has been a sharp and continuous rapid increase in health expenditures in generel most developed countries. High-income countries in particular have a share in this rapid increase, with the United States of America having the highest share. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of high-income OECD countries such as Australia, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom, which have a high annual average share of gross domestic product allocated to total health expenditures, to the United States, which has the highest health expenditure both within the selected OECD and worldwide, with wavelet-based linear and non-linear new Fourier unit root tests that take into account the smooth structural changes and frequency domain in the series. The findings of the study indicate that Canada and the United Kingdom converge to the USA in total health expenditures, while Australia, Germany, Norway, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, the Netherlands and New Zealand diverged from the USA.

 Health is one of the largest sectors in the world economy and its importance is increasing. For more than the last thirty years, there has been a sharp and continuous rapid increase in health expenditures in generel most developed countries. High-income countries in particular have a share in this rapid increase, with the United States of America having the highest share. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of high-income OECD countries such as Australia, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom, which have a high annual average share of gross domestic product allocated to total health expenditures, to the United States, which has the highest health expenditure both within the selected OECD and worldwide, with wavelet-based linear and non-linear new Fourier unit root tests that take into account the smooth structural changes and frequency domain in the series. The findings of the study indicate that Canada and the United Kingdom converge to the USA in total health expenditures, while Australia, Germany, Norway, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, the Netherlands and New Zealand diverged from the USA.

 Sağlık, dünya ekonomisindeki en büyük sektörlerden birisi olarak payını almakta ve önemi giderek artmaktadır. Son otuz yıldan daha fazla süredir çoğu gelişmiş ülkede sağlık harcamalarında keskin ve sürekli bir hızlı artış eğilimi dikkat çekmektedir. Bu hızlı artışta özellikle yüksek gelirli ülkeler payını almakta iken, en yüksek payı alan ülke Amerika Birleşik Devletleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise, 1972-2022 arası dönemde gayri safi yurtiçi hasıladan toplam sağlık harcamalarına ayırdıkları yıllık ortalama payı yüksek olan Avustralya, Kanada, Almanya, Hollanda, Yeni Zelanda, Norveç, İsveç, İsviçre, Birleşik Krallık gibi yüksek gelirli seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinin hem seçilmiş OECD içinde hem de dünya çapında en fazla sağlık harcaması yapan ABDye yakınsamasını serilerdeki yumuşak yapısal değişiklikleri ve frekans bileşenlerini dikkate alan dalgacık tabanlı doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan yeni Fourier birim kök testleri ile araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın bulguları toplam sağlık harcamalarında Kanada ve Birleşik Krallıkın ABDye yakınsadığını, Avustralya, Almanya, Norveç, İsveç ve İsviçre, Hollanda ve Yeni Zelandanın ise ABDden ıraksadığını göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

CONVERGENCE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES OF SELECTED OECD COUNTRIES TO THE UNITED STATES: APPLICATION OF WAVELET-BASED FOURIER UNIT ROOT TESTS

Yazarlar:

Zerrin Dürrü

Yayıncı:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uygulamalı Makro Ekonometri | Sağlık Ekonomisi

Dergi:

Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 3, pp.1047-1079

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359393

pISSN:

2147-9208

Health Expenditures

OECD countries

Wavelet unit root test

Fourier function

Stochastic ConvergenceSağlık Harcamaları

OECD Ülkeleri

Dalgacık Birim Kök Testi

Fourier Fonksiyon

Stokastik Yakınsama

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Zerrin Dürrü

Yayıncı: Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar: Uygulamalı Makro Ekonometri | Sağlık Ekonomisi

Dergi: Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 3, pp.1047-1079

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001359393

pISSN: 2147-9208

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Zerrin Dürrü

Yayıncı:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uygulamalı Makro Ekonometri | Sağlık Ekonomisi

Dergi:

Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 3, pp.1047-1079

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359393

pISSN:

2147-9208