On the Perception of Orthographic Gaps in Compound Words: Is There a Pattern in the Spelling of Compound Words?

Gamze Hallı

Makale detayları

On the Perception of Orthographic Gaps in Compound Words: Is There a Pattern in the Spelling of Compound Words?

Yazarlar:

Gamze Hallı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Dilbilim Issue 43, pp.17-36

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001345347

pISSN:

0255-674X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Compound words CW are structured lexicalised formations that can independently refer to a concept. They possess distinctive linguistic features. Compounding is a productive method for creating new words in Turkish, as in other languages. In linguistic debates, particularly in formal linguistics, the issues concerning whether compound words should be spelled together or separately are often overlooked. The criteria outlined in the spelling guides prepared by TDK for the spelling of compound words together or separately consist of a set of rules rather than describing and categorising the linguistic typological characteristics of these lexical formations, and they can change over time. In addition, the orthographic preferences of language users, who are the primary subjects of language, are disregarded. This study aims to determine whether there is a patternor, in other words, a regularity, equidimensionality, symmetry, temperament, nature - in how compound words in Turkish are spelled: adjacent or with an orthographic space, based on the factors of a semantic transparencyopacity, b the lexical category to which the components of the compound belong, and c the importance of the semantic head. In this study, a quasi-experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. An offline lexical decision task LDT was administered to participants via Google Forms for data collection. A 3 endocentric, exocentric, coordinatetwo-headed X 4 nounnoun, nounnoun-sI, nounverb, verbverb X 2 semantically opaque, semantically transparent mixed-design ANOVA repeated measures mixed ANOVA was used to analyse the data from the participants responses. According to the research results, it has been observed that 1 semantically opaque compound words, 2 CWs having at least one component which is verb stem, and 3 violation of the semantic hierarchy in CWs syntactic structure increase the tendency to write adjacent. On the other hand, the tendency to write compound words with an orthographic space is increased when 4 the compound is compositional and 5 the semantic relationship between components is relatively strengthened with the suffixation of the compound marker sI.

 Compound words CW are structured lexicalised formations that can independently refer to a concept. They possess distinctive linguistic features. Compounding is a productive method for creating new words in Turkish, as in other languages. In linguistic debates, particularly in formal linguistics, the issues concerning whether compound words should be spelled together or separately are often overlooked. The criteria outlined in the spelling guides prepared by TDK for the spelling of compound words together or separately consist of a set of rules rather than describing and categorising the linguistic typological characteristics of these lexical formations, and they can change over time. In addition, the orthographic preferences of language users, who are the primary subjects of language, are disregarded. This study aims to determine whether there is a patternor, in other words, a regularity, equidimensionality, symmetry, temperament, nature - in how compound words in Turkish are spelled: adjacent or with an orthographic space, based on the factors of a semantic transparencyopacity, b the lexical category to which the components of the compound belong, and c the importance of the semantic head. In this study, a quasi-experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. An offline lexical decision task LDT was administered to participants via Google Forms for data collection. A 3 endocentric, exocentric, coordinatetwo-headed X 4 nounnoun, nounnoun-sI, nounverb, verbverb X 2 semantically opaque, semantically transparent mixed-design ANOVA repeated measures mixed ANOVA was used to analyse the data from the participants responses. According to the research results, it has been observed that 1 semantically opaque compound words, 2 CWs having at least one component which is verb stem, and 3 violation of the semantic hierarchy in CWs syntactic structure increase the tendency to write adjacent. On the other hand, the tendency to write compound words with an orthographic space is increased when 4 the compound is compositional and 5 the semantic relationship between components is relatively strengthened with the suffixation of the compound marker sI.

 Compound words CW are structured lexicalised formations that can independently refer to a concept. They possess distinctive linguistic features. Compounding is a productive method for creating new words in Turkish, as in other languages. In linguistic debates, particularly in formal linguistics, the issues concerning whether compound words should be spelled together or separately are often overlooked. The criteria outlined in the spelling guides prepared by TDK for the spelling of compound words together or separately consist of a set of rules rather than describing and categorising the linguistic typological characteristics of these lexical formations, and they can change over time. In addition, the orthographic preferences of language users, who are the primary subjects of language, are disregarded. This study aims to determine whether there is a patternor, in other words, a regularity, equidimensionality, symmetry, temperament, nature - in how compound words in Turkish are spelled: adjacent or with an orthographic space, based on the factors of a semantic transparencyopacity, b the lexical category to which the components of the compound belong, and c the importance of the semantic head. In this study, a quasi-experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. An offline lexical decision task LDT was administered to participants via Google Forms for data collection. A 3 endocentric, exocentric, coordinatetwo-headed X 4 nounnoun, nounnoun-sI, nounverb, verbverb X 2 semantically opaque, semantically transparent mixed-design ANOVA repeated measures mixed ANOVA was used to analyse the data from the participants responses. According to the research results, it has been observed that 1 semantically opaque compound words, 2 CWs having at least one component which is verb stem, and 3 violation of the semantic hierarchy in CWs syntactic structure increase the tendency to write adjacent. On the other hand, the tendency to write compound words with an orthographic space is increased when 4 the compound is compositional and 5 the semantic relationship between components is relatively strengthened with the suffixation of the compound marker sI.

 Birleşik sözcükler dünya dillerinin birçoğunda görülen, tek başlarına bir kavrama göndermede bulunabilen, bürünsel, biçimsel, sözdizimsel açıdan belirgin özelliklere sahip sözlükselleşmiş yapılar olup Türkiye Türkçesinde yeni sözcükler oluşturma hususunda üretken ve düzenli bir işleyişe sahip sözlük birimlerdir. Dilbilim araştırmalarında, özellikle formel dilbilim açısından birleşik sözcüklerin bitişik ya da ayrı yazımına ilişkin hususlar çoğunlukla göz ardı edilmektedir. Birleşik sözcüklerin bitişik ya da ayrı yazımında TDK tarafından hazırlanan yazım kılavuzlarında belirtilen kıstaslar, bu sözcük yapılarının dilbilimsel açıdan tipolojik özelliklerini betimleyip tasnif etmekten ziyade bir kurallar dizisi olarak yer almakta ve yıllar içinde farklılıklar göstermektedir. Ayrıca dilin asıl öznesi olan dil kullanıcılarının ortografik eğilimleri yok sayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Türkçesindeki birleşik sözcüklerin bitişik ya da ayrı yazımında; a anlamsal şeffaflıkopaklık, b birleşik sözcükleri oluşturan bileşenlerin ait olduğu sözcük ulamı ve c anlamsal başın merkezlilik parametrelerine bağlı olarak birleşik sözcüklerin boşluklu ya da bitişik yazımında hangi değişkenlerin etkili olduğu konusuna bir açıklık getirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yarı-deneysel araştırma deseninin kullanıldığı çalışmada, ana dili Türkçe olan katılımcılara birleşik sözcük potansiyeli taşıyan, yeni birleşik sözcükler sunularak süreç-dışı sözcüksel karar testi yapılmıştır. Veriler, tekrarlayan ölçümlerde ANOVA kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre 1 anlamsal açıdan opak sözcüklerin, 2 bileşiği oluşturan öğelerden en az birinin fiil ulamına ait olmasının ve 3 anlamsal hiyerarşinin ihlal edilmesinin bitişik yazma eğilimini arttırdığı görülmüştür. Ayrı yazma eğilimin ise 4 birleşiğin göndermede bulunduğu kavram açısından şeffaf olmasının ve 5 birleşiği oluşturan öğeler arası anlamsal ilişkinin, birleşik eki sI aracılığıyla nispi olarak güçlendirilmesinin arttığı görülmüştür. Özetle, birleşik sözcükler arasındaki yazımsal örüntüde anlamın her zaman etkin olduğu ve anlamın geçirimsizleşmesinin boşluksuz bir yazım örüntüsüne sebep olurken, geçirimli anlamın yazımsal boşluklu bir yazım örüntüsüne sebep olduğu görülmüştür.

Makale detayları

On the Perception of Orthographic Gaps in Compound Words: Is There a Pattern in the Spelling of Compound Words?

Yazarlar:

Gamze Hallı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Dilbilim Issue 43, pp.17-36

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001345347

pISSN:

0255-674X

Compound words

compound marker

orthographic space

headedness

semantic opaquenessBirleşik sözcükler

ortografik boşluk

anlamsal opaklık

birleşik eki

merkezlilik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Gamze Hallı

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi: Dilbilim Issue 43, pp.17-36

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001345347

pISSN: 0255-674X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Gamze Hallı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Dilbilim Issue 43, pp.17-36

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001345347

pISSN:

0255-674X