THE JURISTS' IDENTIFICATION OF MAQĀSID IN THE NASS AND ITS PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: THE EXAMPLE OF TESTIMONY

Fatih Avcı

Makale detayları

THE JURISTS' IDENTIFICATION OF MAQĀSID IN THE NASS AND ITS PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: THE EXAMPLE OF TESTIMONY

Yazarlar:

Fatih Avcı

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 25, pp.190-212

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351258

pISSN:

2687-5128

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Although there are differing views on the exact number, the number of legal ahkām verses in the Qurān is generally estimated to be around 500. Considering that the total number of verses in the Qurān exceeds 6,000, this number is relatively limited. When these legal verses are supported by hadiths, they form the core sources referred to as nass within Islamic jurisprudence. However, a closer examination of the Islamic legal corpus reveals that nass constitutes only a small portion of it. The main reason for this is that while the issues of daily life are virtually limitless, the nass are finite. Consequently, jurists felt the need to derive new rulings from existing nass, and in doing so, they utilized additional sources such as analogy qiyās, juristic preference istihsān, custom urf, and consideration of public interest maṣlaḥa mursala. In this context, it becomes evident that the surrounding environment and culture directly influence the process of ijtihād independent legal reasoning. In order to ensure the continual applicability of Islamic law across different eras, it is crucial to identify which rulings are fundamental and universal, and which are secondary and context-dependent. When engaging in ijtihād, jurists interpreted nass by taking into account the historical context, societal needs, and the developmental background of the rulings. The subject of testimony shahāda should also be evaluated within this framework, as it plays a vital role in ensuring justice, protecting rights, and maintaining social order. However, the way in which jurists interpreted the nass related to testimony was influenced by the sociocultural structures of their times, leading to divergent interpretations. This study analyzes the objectives maqāṣid of the nass on testimony and examines how these nass were interpreted by jurists within their respective cultural contexts. For this purpose, qualitative research methods, including historical data analysis and comparative analysis, have been employed. As a result, the study identifies the core objectives derived by jurists from the nass on testimony, observes that some rulings have changed over time, and concludes that certain ijtihād-based rulings should be re-evaluated in light of contemporary circumstances.

 Although there are differing views on the exact number, the number of legal ahkām verses in the Qurān is generally estimated to be around 500. Considering that the total number of verses in the Qurān exceeds 6,000, this number is relatively limited. When these legal verses are supported by hadiths, they form the core sources referred to as nass within Islamic jurisprudence. However, a closer examination of the Islamic legal corpus reveals that nass constitutes only a small portion of it. The main reason for this is that while the issues of daily life are virtually limitless, the nass are finite. Consequently, jurists felt the need to derive new rulings from existing nass, and in doing so, they utilized additional sources such as analogy qiyās, juristic preference istihsān, custom urf, and consideration of public interest maṣlaḥa mursala. In this context, it becomes evident that the surrounding environment and culture directly influence the process of ijtihād independent legal reasoning. In order to ensure the continual applicability of Islamic law across different eras, it is crucial to identify which rulings are fundamental and universal, and which are secondary and context-dependent. When engaging in ijtihād, jurists interpreted nass by taking into account the historical context, societal needs, and the developmental background of the rulings. The subject of testimony shahāda should also be evaluated within this framework, as it plays a vital role in ensuring justice, protecting rights, and maintaining social order. However, the way in which jurists interpreted the nass related to testimony was influenced by the sociocultural structures of their times, leading to divergent interpretations. This study analyzes the objectives maqāṣid of the nass on testimony and examines how these nass were interpreted by jurists within their respective cultural contexts. For this purpose, qualitative research methods, including historical data analysis and comparative analysis, have been employed. As a result, the study identifies the core objectives derived by jurists from the nass on testimony, observes that some rulings have changed over time, and concludes that certain ijtihād-based rulings should be re-evaluated in light of contemporary circumstances.

 Although there are differing views on the exact number, the number of legal ahkām verses in the Qurān is generally estimated to be around 500. Considering that the total number of verses in the Qurān exceeds 6,000, this number is relatively limited. When these legal verses are supported by hadiths, they form the core sources referred to as nass within Islamic jurisprudence. However, a closer examination of the Islamic legal corpus reveals that nass constitutes only a small portion of it. The main reason for this is that while the issues of daily life are virtually limitless, the nass are finite. Consequently, jurists felt the need to derive new rulings from existing nass, and in doing so, they utilized additional sources such as analogy qiyās, juristic preference istihsān, custom urf, and consideration of public interest maṣlaḥa mursala. In this context, it becomes evident that the surrounding environment and culture directly influence the process of ijtihād independent legal reasoning. In order to ensure the continual applicability of Islamic law across different eras, it is crucial to identify which rulings are fundamental and universal, and which are secondary and context-dependent. When engaging in ijtihād, jurists interpreted nass by taking into account the historical context, societal needs, and the developmental background of the rulings. The subject of testimony shahāda should also be evaluated within this framework, as it plays a vital role in ensuring justice, protecting rights, and maintaining social order. However, the way in which jurists interpreted the nass related to testimony was influenced by the sociocultural structures of their times, leading to divergent interpretations. This study analyzes the objectives maqāṣid of the nass on testimony and examines how these nass were interpreted by jurists within their respective cultural contexts. For this purpose, qualitative research methods, including historical data analysis and comparative analysis, have been employed. As a result, the study identifies the core objectives derived by jurists from the nass on testimony, observes that some rulings have changed over time, and concludes that certain ijtihād-based rulings should be re-evaluated in light of contemporary circumstances.

 Kurân-ı Kerîmdeki ahkâm âyetlerinin sayısı, farklı görüşler bulunmakla birlikte yaklaşık 500 civarındadır. Toplam âyet sayısının 6000in üzerinde olduğu düşünüldüğünde, bu sayı oldukça sınırlıdır. Hüküm ifade eden bu âyetler, hadis-i şeriflerle desteklendiğinde, fıkıh külliyatında nass olarak adlandırılan temel kaynakları teşkil eder. Ancak fıkıh külliyatı incelendiğinde, nassların onun sadece çok az bir kısmını oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumun ana nedeni, günlük yaşamın meselelerinin sınırsız, nassların ise sınırlı olmasıdır. Bu sebeple fakihler, nasslardan yeni hükümler çıkarma zorunluluğu hissetmiş ve bu süreçte kıyas, istihsan, örf ve maslahat-ı mürsele gibi delillerden istifade etmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda, içinde bulunulan çevre ve kültürün ictihad faaliyetlerine doğrudan etki ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. İslâm hukukunun her dönemde uygulanabilirliğini sağlamak amacıyla hangi hükümlerin asıl ve evrensel, hangilerinin ferî ve dönemsel olduğunu tespit etmek önemlidir. Fakihler, içtihat yaparken hükümlerin bağlamını, tarihsel gelişimini ve toplumsal ihtiyaçları göz önünde bulundurarak nassları yorumlamışlardır. Şahitlik konusu da bu çerçevede ele alınması gereken önemli bir hukukî müessesedir. Şahitlik, adaletin sağlanması, hakların korunması ve toplum düzeninin devam ettirilmesi açısından hayati bir fonksiyona sahiptir. Ancak fakihlerin şahitlikle ilgili nassları yorumlama biçimleri, onların yaşadığı dönemlerdeki sosyokültürel yapıdan etkilenmiş, bu da farklı yorumların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışma, şahitlik meselesi bağlamında, nassların makâsıdını ve bu nassların fakihler tarafından bulundukları kültürel çevrede nasıl yorumlandığını analiz etmektedir. Bunun için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarihsel veri dökümü ve mukayeseli analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak fakihlerin şahitlikle ilgili nasslardan çıkardıkları temel maksatlar belirlenmiş, bazı hükümlerin zamanla değiştiği tespit edilmiş ve günümüzün değişen koşullarında bazı içtihatların yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Makale detayları

THE JURISTS' IDENTIFICATION OF MAQĀSID IN THE NASS AND ITS PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: THE EXAMPLE OF TESTIMONY

Yazarlar:

Fatih Avcı

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 25, pp.190-212

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351258

pISSN:

2687-5128

Islamic Law

Maqāṣid

Purpose

Furū-u fiqh

Testimony.İslam Hukuku

Makâsıd

Gâye

Furû-u fıkıh

Şahitlik.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatih Avcı

Yayıncı: Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 25, pp.190-212

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351258

pISSN: 2687-5128

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatih Avcı

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 25, pp.190-212

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351258

pISSN:

2687-5128