Flow stress and fracture strain behavior of galvanized low carbon EREGLI 1312 steel

Ahmet Çetkin

Makale detayları

Flow stress and fracture strain behavior of galvanized low carbon EREGLI 1312 steel

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Çetkin

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.31 Issue 5, pp.721-733

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360205

pISSN:

2147-5881

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Modeling the behavior of materials under the combined effects of stress, deformation rate and temperature on the flow stress and damage that may occur is extremely important, especially because of the requirements in simulations such as metal forming, blast, chip removal, etc. In order to use the desired material in the analysis, the model parameters that will be needed must exist in advance. Not every material does not have parameters, and obtaining them requires costly and long-term efforts. Among these models, one of the most preferred ones in simulation programs are the parameters of Johnson Cook JC flow stress and damage models. The aim of this study is to economically obtain the JC parameters describing the mechanical behavior of low carbon EREGLI 1312 steel in simple tensile tests and low stress ratio reference with the help of simulations of the tests. The damage model proposed by JC was used to predict the flow stress and damage behavior of our material. In order to determine the model parameters, tensile tests were applied to six different types of notched and unnotched specimens cut from plates at room temperature and under different speeds. Curve fitting and regression procedures were performed automatically with the program written for this purpose, and the data required for the calculation of the parameters were easily obtained by matching the simulated tests with the tensile tests. It was calculated that the parameters obtained can predict the material behavior at room temperature very closely for all strain rates. Compared to the test results, it can simulate the process of stress-strain variation until rupture with a small error of 3.63 on average. In this research, the JC flow stress and damage model parameters estimated for EREGLI 1312 steel were found to be safely used in simulations such as metal bending and deep drawing.

 Modeling the behavior of materials under the combined effects of stress, deformation rate and temperature on the flow stress and damage that may occur is extremely important, especially because of the requirements in simulations such as metal forming, blast, chip removal, etc. In order to use the desired material in the analysis, the model parameters that will be needed must exist in advance. Not every material does not have parameters, and obtaining them requires costly and long-term efforts. Among these models, one of the most preferred ones in simulation programs are the parameters of Johnson Cook JC flow stress and damage models. The aim of this study is to economically obtain the JC parameters describing the mechanical behavior of low carbon EREGLI 1312 steel in simple tensile tests and low stress ratio reference with the help of simulations of the tests. The damage model proposed by JC was used to predict the flow stress and damage behavior of our material. In order to determine the model parameters, tensile tests were applied to six different types of notched and unnotched specimens cut from plates at room temperature and under different speeds. Curve fitting and regression procedures were performed automatically with the program written for this purpose, and the data required for the calculation of the parameters were easily obtained by matching the simulated tests with the tensile tests. It was calculated that the parameters obtained can predict the material behavior at room temperature very closely for all strain rates. Compared to the test results, it can simulate the process of stress-strain variation until rupture with a small error of 3.63 on average. In this research, the JC flow stress and damage model parameters estimated for EREGLI 1312 steel were found to be safely used in simulations such as metal bending and deep drawing.

 Modeling the behavior of materials under the combined effects of stress, deformation rate and temperature on the flow stress and damage that may occur is extremely important, especially because of the requirements in simulations such as metal forming, blast, chip removal, etc. In order to use the desired material in the analysis, the model parameters that will be needed must exist in advance. Not every material does not have parameters, and obtaining them requires costly and long-term efforts. Among these models, one of the most preferred ones in simulation programs are the parameters of Johnson Cook JC flow stress and damage models. The aim of this study is to economically obtain the JC parameters describing the mechanical behavior of low carbon EREGLI 1312 steel in simple tensile tests and low stress ratio reference with the help of simulations of the tests. The damage model proposed by JC was used to predict the flow stress and damage behavior of our material. In order to determine the model parameters, tensile tests were applied to six different types of notched and unnotched specimens cut from plates at room temperature and under different speeds. Curve fitting and regression procedures were performed automatically with the program written for this purpose, and the data required for the calculation of the parameters were easily obtained by matching the simulated tests with the tensile tests. It was calculated that the parameters obtained can predict the material behavior at room temperature very closely for all strain rates. Compared to the test results, it can simulate the process of stress-strain variation until rupture with a small error of 3.63 on average. In this research, the JC flow stress and damage model parameters estimated for EREGLI 1312 steel were found to be safely used in simulations such as metal bending and deep drawing.

 Gerilme, deformasyon hızı ve sıcaklığın, akış gerilmesi ve oluşabilecek hasar üzerindeki birleşik etkileri altında malzemelerin davranışının modellenmesi, özellikle metal şekillendirme, patlama, talaş kaldırma vb. simülasyonlardaki gereklilikleri nedeni ile son derece önemlidir. Analizde istenilen malzemenin kullanılabilmesi için ihtiyaç duyulacak model parametrelerinin önceden var olması gerekir. Her malzemeye ait parametreler olmadığı gibi, elde edilmesi de maliyetli ve uzun süreli çabaları gerektirir. Bu modeller içinde simülasyon programlarında en çok tercih edilenlerden biri Johnson Cook JC akış gerilmesi ve hasar modellerine ait parametrelerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, düşük karbonlu EREGLI 1312 çeliğinin, basit çekme testleri ve düşük gerilme oranı referansında mekanik davranışını tanımlayan JC parametrelerini, testlerin simülasyonları yardımıyla daha ekonomik olarak elde etmektir. Malzememizin akış gerilmesi ve hasar davranışını tahmin etmek için JC tarafından önerilen hasar modeli kullanılmış, model parametrelerini belirlemek için plakalardan kesilen düz ve çentikli altı farklı tipte numunelere, oda sıcaklığında ve değişik hızlar altında çekme testi uygulanmıştır. Eğri uydurma ve regresyon işlemleri, bu amaçla yazılan programla otomatik olarak uygulanmış, simüle edilen testler ile çekme testleri eşleştirilerek parametrelerin hesabı için gereken veriler kolaylıkla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen parametrelerin tüm deformasyon hızları için oda sıcaklıktaki malzeme davranışını oldukça yakın tahmin edebildiği hesaplanmıştır. Test sonuçlarına oranla, kopma gerçekleşene kadar olan gerilme-gerinme değişimi sürecini ortalama 3.63 oranında küçük bir hatayla simüle edebilmektedir. Bu araştırmada EREGLI 1312 çeliği için tahmin edilen JC akış gerilmesi ve hasar modeli parametrelerinin, metal bükme, sıvama benzeri simülasyonlarında güvenle kullanılabilir olduğu görülmüştür.

Makale detayları

Flow stress and fracture strain behavior of galvanized low carbon EREGLI 1312 steel

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Çetkin

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.31 Issue 5, pp.721-733

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360205

pISSN:

2147-5881

JC model

Flow stress parameters

Low carbon steel

Failure strain

Curve fitting

Stress triaxialityJC modeli

Akış gerilmesi parametreleri

Düşük karbonlu çelik

Hasar gerinmesi

Eğri uydurma

Gerilme üç-eksenliliği

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Çetkin

Yayıncı: Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar: Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.31 Issue 5, pp.721-733

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001360205

pISSN: 2147-5881

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Çetkin

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Dergi:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.31 Issue 5, pp.721-733

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360205

pISSN:

2147-5881