Traces of Steppe Military Life on Arzhan Kurgans

Mazhar Narşap

Makale detayları

Traces of Steppe Military Life on Arzhan Kurgans

Yazarlar:

Mazhar Narşap

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 12, pp.85-97

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353536

pISSN:

2687-6175

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Geography is the first factor in the formation of societies lifestyles. Societies living in areas suitable for agriculture have adopted the settled lifestyle, while those living in forests have adopted the hunter and gatherer lifestyle. Societies living in geographies favourable to animal husbandry have revealed the nomadic lifestyle. Steppe societies living in Eurasia, which is an area suitable for animal husbandry, adopted a nomadic lifestyle and created their culture in accordance with this lifestyle. The nomadic lifestyle is different from the unsettled lifestyle and is not an ordinary life. It is a systematic migration movement between spring and winter in order to prevent both themselves and their animals from being adversely affected by the climatic conditions of the geography where they live at certain times of the year. Nomadic tribes have also created their own history and culture within this nomadic lifestyle. Information on the history and culture of these tribes can be obtained from written, verbal and archaeological sources. Verbal sources carry the traces of that period as they were written down in the process. Written sources belong mostly to the tribes they were in contact with. The main information about the history and culture of the steppe tribes is obtained from archaeological sources. The most important archaeological source is the kurgan, which was built in the form of a masonry hill grave where the steppe people were buried when they died. There are many kurgan sites belonging to the steppe people in Eurasia. One of the areas where these kurgans are located is the Arzhan region, located in Tuva. This area is a region used by steppe tribes as wintering. There are kurgans of various sizes here. The arrow sticks, arrowheads, knives, horse, bow, female warriors, arrow sticks, arrowheads, knives, knives, horse, bow, female warrior, etc. have been unearthed as a result of archaeological excavations in these kurgans, thus providing us with information about the military culture of the steppe tribes.

 Geography is the first factor in the formation of societies lifestyles. Societies living in areas suitable for agriculture have adopted the settled lifestyle, while those living in forests have adopted the hunter and gatherer lifestyle. Societies living in geographies favourable to animal husbandry have revealed the nomadic lifestyle. Steppe societies living in Eurasia, which is an area suitable for animal husbandry, adopted a nomadic lifestyle and created their culture in accordance with this lifestyle. The nomadic lifestyle is different from the unsettled lifestyle and is not an ordinary life. It is a systematic migration movement between spring and winter in order to prevent both themselves and their animals from being adversely affected by the climatic conditions of the geography where they live at certain times of the year. Nomadic tribes have also created their own history and culture within this nomadic lifestyle. Information on the history and culture of these tribes can be obtained from written, verbal and archaeological sources. Verbal sources carry the traces of that period as they were written down in the process. Written sources belong mostly to the tribes they were in contact with. The main information about the history and culture of the steppe tribes is obtained from archaeological sources. The most important archaeological source is the kurgan, which was built in the form of a masonry hill grave where the steppe people were buried when they died. There are many kurgan sites belonging to the steppe people in Eurasia. One of the areas where these kurgans are located is the Arzhan region, located in Tuva. This area is a region used by steppe tribes as wintering. There are kurgans of various sizes here. The arrow sticks, arrowheads, knives, horse, bow, female warriors, arrow sticks, arrowheads, knives, knives, horse, bow, female warrior, etc. have been unearthed as a result of archaeological excavations in these kurgans, thus providing us with information about the military culture of the steppe tribes.

 Geography is the first factor in the formation of societies lifestyles. Societies living in areas suitable for agriculture have adopted the settled lifestyle, while those living in forests have adopted the hunter and gatherer lifestyle. Societies living in geographies favourable to animal husbandry have revealed the nomadic lifestyle. Steppe societies living in Eurasia, which is an area suitable for animal husbandry, adopted a nomadic lifestyle and created their culture in accordance with this lifestyle. The nomadic lifestyle is different from the unsettled lifestyle and is not an ordinary life. It is a systematic migration movement between spring and winter in order to prevent both themselves and their animals from being adversely affected by the climatic conditions of the geography where they live at certain times of the year. Nomadic tribes have also created their own history and culture within this nomadic lifestyle. Information on the history and culture of these tribes can be obtained from written, verbal and archaeological sources. Verbal sources carry the traces of that period as they were written down in the process. Written sources belong mostly to the tribes they were in contact with. The main information about the history and culture of the steppe tribes is obtained from archaeological sources. The most important archaeological source is the kurgan, which was built in the form of a masonry hill grave where the steppe people were buried when they died. There are many kurgan sites belonging to the steppe people in Eurasia. One of the areas where these kurgans are located is the Arzhan region, located in Tuva. This area is a region used by steppe tribes as wintering. There are kurgans of various sizes here. The arrow sticks, arrowheads, knives, horse, bow, female warriors, arrow sticks, arrowheads, knives, knives, horse, bow, female warrior, etc. have been unearthed as a result of archaeological excavations in these kurgans, thus providing us with information about the military culture of the steppe tribes.

 Coğrafya toplumların yaşam tarzlarının oluşmasında birinci faktördür. Tarıma uygun alanlarda yaşayan toplumlar yerleşik yaşam tarzını, ormanlarda yaşayanlar avcı ve toplayıcı yaşam tarzını benimsemişlerdir. Hayvancılığa elverişli coğrafyalarda yaşayan toplumlar ise göçebe yaşam tarzını ortaya koymuşlardır. Hayvancılığa elverişli bir alan olan Avrasya coğrafyasında yaşayan bozkır toplumları ise konargöçer bir yaşam tarzını benimsemişler ve kültürlerini bu yaşam tarzını uygun olarak oluşturmuşlardır. Konargöçer yaşam tarzı, göçebe yaşam tarzından farklı olup sıradan bir hayat değildir. Yılın belirli zamanlarında yaşanılan coğrafyanın iklimsel koşullarından hem kendileri hem de hayvanlarının olumsuz etkilenmemesi için yaylak ve kışlak arasında yapılan sistemli bir göç hareketidir. Konargöçer kavimler, bu göçer hayat tarzı içerisinde kendi tarih ve kültürlerini de oluşturmuşlardır. Bu kavimlerin tarih ve kültürüne dair yazılı, sözlü ve arkeolojik kaynaklardan bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Sözlü kaynaklar ilerleyen süreç içerisinde yazıya geçirildiklerinden o dönemin izlerini taşımaktadırlar. Yazılı kaynaklar ise daha çok ilişkide bulundukları kavimlere aittir. Bozkır kavimlerinin tarih ve kültürüne dair esas bilgiler arkeolojik kaynaklardan elde edilmektedir. Arkeolojik kaynakların başında ise bozkır insanının defnedildiği yığma tepe mezar şeklinde yapılan kurgan gelmektedir. Avrasya coğrafyasında bozkır insanına ait birçok kurgan bölgesi bulunmaktadır. Bu kurganların bulunduğu alanların biri de Arzhan bölgesidir. Arzhan bölgesi Tuvada yer almaktadır. Bu bölge bozkır kavimlerinin kışlak olarak kullandığı bir bölgedir. Burada çeşitli çaplarda kurganlar bulunmaktadır. Bulunan bu kurganlarda yapılan arkeolojik kazı çalışmaları sonucunda ortaya çıkarılan, ok çubukları, ok uçları, bıçaklar, at, yay, kadın savaşçı gibi kalıntı ve buluntular bozkır kavimlerinin askerî hayatı hakkında bilgi sahibi olmamızı sağlamıştır.

Makale detayları

Traces of Steppe Military Life on Arzhan Kurgans

Yazarlar:

Mazhar Narşap

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 12, pp.85-97

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353536

pISSN:

2687-6175

Steppe

soldier

nomad

kurgan

Arzhan.Bozkır

asker

konargöçer

kurgan

Arzhan.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mazhar Narşap

Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi

Dergi: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 12, pp.85-97

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353536

pISSN: 2687-6175

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mazhar Narşap

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Öncesi Türk Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 12, pp.85-97

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353536

pISSN:

2687-6175