Burhān al-Tamānu’ From A Sufi’s Perspective: Critical Edition, Translation and Evaluation of Mahmad Amin Uskudāri’s Booklet Named “Risāla Mufrada Li Burhān Al-Tamānu’”

Mustafa Lemsi; Mustafa Aykaç

Makale detayları

Burhān al-Tamānu’ From A Sufi’s Perspective: Critical Edition, Translation and Evaluation of Mahmad Amin Uskudāri’s Booklet Named “Risāla Mufrada Li Burhān Al-Tamānu’”

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Lemsi | Mustafa Aykaç

Yayıncı:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

BEÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.165-187

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319515

pISSN:

2148-3728

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The most important belief principle of the Islamic religion is that Allah is the only god who has no equal. As an Islamic discipline, the primary task of the science of theology, which undertakes the task of proving and defending the Islamic faith, is to demonstrate the unity of God, that is, tawheed, with evidence. The primary evidence of the theologians, who strive to handle the belief in the integrity of holy texts and reason, regarding tawḥeed has been obtained from the Quran. The evidences used by theologians on this subject are burhān al-tamānu and burhân al-tavārud, which are also mentioned in the Quran. These evidences are based on the possibility that if there are more than one god, are they in harmony or conflict with each other. The booklet that is the subject of our study deals with the burhān al-tamānu, which is produced from the idea that if there are two or more gods, they will be in conflict and thus the order in the universe will be disrupted. There is no consensus on whether this evidence is certain or not. With the Philosophers, theologians who accept the philosophical theological method have objected to the certainty of this evidence, which is included as indispensable evidence in classical theological books. These objections are raised in terms of whether burhān al-tamānu expresses certainty, whether it is sufficient to prove tawḥeed, and its content. In the historical process, the writing of booklets dealing with different aspects of the subject has created the literature of burhân al-tamanu. One of the scientist who wrote booklet on this subject is Maḥmad Amin Uskudārī. Uskudārī is a person who grew up in the Sūfī environment of the 18th century, which coincided with the period of stagnation in the Ottoman Empire. In this work, Uskudārī explains his thoughts about burhān al-temānu, in his unique style and argues that this evidence expresses certainty. While examining the evidence of burhān al-tamānu, Uskudārī expresses his objections by quoting al-Taftāzānī from time to time. Uskudārī opposes al-Taftāzānīs view that the evidence of tamānu does not express certainty and based on this evidence, the existence of two gods does not require the corruption of the universe. This article aims to determine and evaluate Maḥmad Amin Uskudārīs perspective on the burhān al-tamānu evidence and its conclusiveness. We will delve into what the burhān al-tamānu signifies specifically within the context of Uskudārīs work, as well as the debates surrounding this evidence in Islamic theological thought. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the significance of the assertion that burhān al-tamānu is conclusive and on highlighting Uskudārīs objections, particularly those directed towards al-Taftāzānī. This study, which is about Uskudārīs booklet on this subject, is important in terms of learning a Sufis perspective on a theological subject. For this reason, we think that studying his booklet named as Risāla mufrada li burhān al-tamānu, which is about burhān al-tamānu, will fill a gap in the Kalāmic literature.

 The most important belief principle of the Islamic religion is that Allah is the only god who has no equal. As an Islamic discipline, the primary task of the science of theology, which undertakes the task of proving and defending the Islamic faith, is to demonstrate the unity of God, that is, tawheed, with evidence. The primary evidence of the theologians, who strive to handle the belief in the integrity of holy texts and reason, regarding tawḥeed has been obtained from the Quran. The evidences used by theologians on this subject are burhān al-tamānu and burhân al-tavārud, which are also mentioned in the Quran. These evidences are based on the possibility that if there are more than one god, are they in harmony or conflict with each other. The booklet that is the subject of our study deals with the burhān al-tamānu, which is produced from the idea that if there are two or more gods, they will be in conflict and thus the order in the universe will be disrupted. There is no consensus on whether this evidence is certain or not. With the Philosophers, theologians who accept the philosophical theological method have objected to the certainty of this evidence, which is included as indispensable evidence in classical theological books. These objections are raised in terms of whether burhān al-tamānu expresses certainty, whether it is sufficient to prove tawḥeed, and its content. In the historical process, the writing of booklets dealing with different aspects of the subject has created the literature of burhân al-tamanu. One of the scientist who wrote booklet on this subject is Maḥmad Amin Uskudārī. Uskudārī is a person who grew up in the Sūfī environment of the 18th century, which coincided with the period of stagnation in the Ottoman Empire. In this work, Uskudārī explains his thoughts about burhān al-temānu, in his unique style and argues that this evidence expresses certainty. While examining the evidence of burhān al-tamānu, Uskudārī expresses his objections by quoting al-Taftāzānī from time to time. Uskudārī opposes al-Taftāzānīs view that the evidence of tamānu does not express certainty and based on this evidence, the existence of two gods does not require the corruption of the universe. This article aims to determine and evaluate Maḥmad Amin Uskudārīs perspective on the burhān al-tamānu evidence and its conclusiveness. We will delve into what the burhān al-tamānu signifies specifically within the context of Uskudārīs work, as well as the debates surrounding this evidence in Islamic theological thought. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the significance of the assertion that burhān al-tamānu is conclusive and on highlighting Uskudārīs objections, particularly those directed towards al-Taftāzānī. This study, which is about Uskudārīs booklet on this subject, is important in terms of learning a Sufis perspective on a theological subject. For this reason, we think that studying his booklet named as Risāla mufrada li burhān al-tamānu, which is about burhān al-tamānu, will fill a gap in the Kalāmic literature.

 The most important belief principle of the Islamic religion is that Allah is the only god who has no equal. As an Islamic discipline, the primary task of the science of theology, which undertakes the task of proving and defending the Islamic faith, is to demonstrate the unity of God, that is, tawheed, with evidence. The primary evidence of the theologians, who strive to handle the belief in the integrity of holy texts and reason, regarding tawḥeed has been obtained from the Quran. The evidences used by theologians on this subject are burhān al-tamānu and burhân al-tavārud, which are also mentioned in the Quran. These evidences are based on the possibility that if there are more than one god, are they in harmony or conflict with each other. The booklet that is the subject of our study deals with the burhān al-tamānu, which is produced from the idea that if there are two or more gods, they will be in conflict and thus the order in the universe will be disrupted. There is no consensus on whether this evidence is certain or not. With the Philosophers, theologians who accept the philosophical theological method have objected to the certainty of this evidence, which is included as indispensable evidence in classical theological books. These objections are raised in terms of whether burhān al-tamānu expresses certainty, whether it is sufficient to prove tawḥeed, and its content. In the historical process, the writing of booklets dealing with different aspects of the subject has created the literature of burhân al-tamanu. One of the scientist who wrote booklet on this subject is Maḥmad Amin Uskudārī. Uskudārī is a person who grew up in the Sūfī environment of the 18th century, which coincided with the period of stagnation in the Ottoman Empire. In this work, Uskudārī explains his thoughts about burhān al-temānu, in his unique style and argues that this evidence expresses certainty. While examining the evidence of burhān al-tamānu, Uskudārī expresses his objections by quoting al-Taftāzānī from time to time. Uskudārī opposes al-Taftāzānīs view that the evidence of tamānu does not express certainty and based on this evidence, the existence of two gods does not require the corruption of the universe. This article aims to determine and evaluate Maḥmad Amin Uskudārīs perspective on the burhān al-tamānu evidence and its conclusiveness. We will delve into what the burhān al-tamānu signifies specifically within the context of Uskudārīs work, as well as the debates surrounding this evidence in Islamic theological thought. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the significance of the assertion that burhān al-tamānu is conclusive and on highlighting Uskudārīs objections, particularly those directed towards al-Taftāzānī. This study, which is about Uskudārīs booklet on this subject, is important in terms of learning a Sufis perspective on a theological subject. For this reason, we think that studying his booklet named as Risāla mufrada li burhān al-tamānu, which is about burhān al-tamānu, will fill a gap in the Kalāmic literature.

 İslâm dininin en önemli inanç ilkesi Allahın eşi ve benzeri olmayan tek ilâh olduğunu anlatan tevhid ilkesidir. İslâmî bir disiplin olarak İslâm inancını ispat edip savunma görevini üstlenen kelâm ilminin de öncelikli görevi Allahın birliğini yani tevhidi delillerle ortaya koymaktır. İtikadı, nakil ve akıl bütünlüğünde ele alma çabasındaki kelâmcıların tevhid konusundaki öncelikli delilleri Kurandan elde edilmiştir. Bu konuda kelâmcıların kullandığı deliller, Kuranın da değindiği burhân-ı temânu ve burhân-ı tevârüd delilleridir. Bu deliller, birden fazla ilâh olması durumunda bunların birbiriyle uyum veya çatışma içinde olup olamayacağının imkânı üzerine kurulmuştur. Çalışmamıza konu olan risâle, iki veya daha fazla sayıda ilâh olması durumunda bunların çatışma imkânı içinde olacağı ve bundan dolayı da evrende düzenin bozulacağı fikrinden üretilen burhân-ı temânu delilini ele almaktadır. İslâm düşünce ekolleri arasında bu delilin kesinlik ifade edip etmediği konusunda görüş birliği yoktur. Şöyle ki klasik kelâm kitaplarında vazgeçilmez bir delil olarak yer alan bu delilin kesinliği konusunda felsefecilerle felsefî kelâm çizgisindeki kelâmcılar itiraz etmişlerdir. Bu itirazlar, burhân-ı temânuun kesinlik ifade edip etmediği, tevhidi ispatlamada yeterli olup olmadığı ve delilin içeriği gibi hususlar etrafında toplanmaktadır. Tarihi süreçte konuyu farklı yönleriyle ele alan eserlerin yazılması, burhân-ı temânu literatürünü oluşturmuştur. Bu konuda eser yazan ilim adamlarından biri de Mehmed Emin Üsküdârîdir. Üsküdârî, Osmanlı Devletinde, duraklama dönemine denk gelen XVIII. yüzyılın tasavvufî ortamında yetişmiş bir kişidir. Üsküdârî, bu eserinde burhân-ı temânu hakkındaki düşüncelerini kendine has üslûbuyla anlatarak bu delilin kesinlik ifade ettiğini savunmaktadır. Üsküdârî, burhân-ı temânu delilini incelerken Teftâzânîden yer yer alıntılar yaparak ona itirazlarını dile getirmektedir. Üsküdârî, Teftâzânînin burhân-ı temânuun kesinlik ifade etmeyeceği ve bu delilden hareketle iki ilâhın varlığının âlemin fesadını gerektirmeyeceği görüşüne karşı çıkmaktadır. Bu makale, Mehmed Emin Üsküdârînin burhân-ı temânu deliline bakışı ve bu delilin kesinliği konusundaki görüşünü belirleyip değerlendirme amacı taşımaktadır. Üsküdârî özelinde işlediğimiz burhân-ı temânuun ne ifade ettiğine ve İslam kelâm düşüncesinde bu delil etrafında dönen tartışmalara değinilecektir. Burhân-ı temânuun kesinlik ifade ettiği vurgusunun ne anlama geldiği ve Üsküdârînin özellikle Teftâzânîye karşı itirazlarına dikkat çekilecektir. Üsküdârînin bu konudaki risâlesini konu alan bu çalışma, bir mutasavvıfın kelâmî bir konuya bakış açısının öğrenilmesi bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple onun burhân-ı temânuu konu alan Risâle müfrede li burhânit-temânu adlı risâlesinin çalışılmasının kelâmî literatürde bir boşluğu dolduracağını düşünüyoruz.

Makale detayları

Burhān al-Tamānu’ From A Sufi’s Perspective: Critical Edition, Translation and Evaluation of Mahmad Amin Uskudāri’s Booklet Named “Risāla Mufrada Li Burhān Al-Tamānu’”

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Lemsi | Mustafa Aykaç

Yayıncı:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

BEÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.165-187

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319515

pISSN:

2148-3728

Kalam

Tawheed

Burhân al-Tamanu’

Uskudari

Mystic.Kelam

Tevhit

Burhân-ı Temânu’

Üsküdârî

Mutasavvıf.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mustafa Lemsi | Mustafa Aykaç

Yayıncı: Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar: Kelam

Dergi: BEÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.165-187

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319515

pISSN: 2148-3728

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Lemsi | Mustafa Aykaç

Yayıncı:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

BEÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.165-187

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319515

pISSN:

2148-3728