The Eternity of Hell as an Issue of the Neo-Kalām Period (Case Studies of İzmirli İsmail Hakkı, Musa Jârullah Bigiyev and Mustafa Sabri Efendi)

Hakan Kutlu

Makale detayları

The Eternity of Hell as an Issue of the Neo-Kalām Period (Case Studies of İzmirli İsmail Hakkı, Musa Jârullah Bigiyev and Mustafa Sabri Efendi)

Yazarlar:

Hakan Kutlu

Yayıncı:

Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

ADÜ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.111-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350821

pISSN:

3062-4371

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The eternity of Hells torment has been a subject of debate since the emergence of Islamic theology Kalām and has remained a relevant issue to this day. Naturally, this discussion, shaped by the authority of revelation, has manifested in various interpretations due to methodological differences. In the Islamic intellectual tradition, the predominant stance has been the acceptance of eternal punishment regarding the nature and perpetuity of Hells torment. However, despite being considered marginal compared to the prevailing consensus, there have been scholars who have argued against the eternity of punishment. While presenting the historical trajectory of this debate is crucial, understanding the intellectual background in which the problem of eternal punishment has been discussed is arguably of even greater significance. Thus, this issue should not be evaluated in isolation from its broader intellectual context. During the Neo-Kalām periodone of the most critical phases in the evolution of Islamic theologythe question of the eternity of Hells torment, which had been contested for centuries, once again became a focal point of discussion. In this study, we examine this issue through the perspectives of İzmirli İsmail Hakkı and Musa Cârullâh Bigiyef, who rejected the notion of eternal punishment, and Mustafa Sabri Efendi, who upheld it. While exploring the relationship between divine wisdom and the concept of Hells torment, we analyze how different approaches to explaining divine wisdom influence the acceptance or rejection of eternal punishment. Furthermore, we investigate the intellectual traditions and figures that shaped these scholars views within Islamic thought. This study aims not only to illuminate the solutions proposed by these three distinct scholars regarding a shared issue in the Neo-Kalām period but also to assess the extent to which classical theological thought engaged its problem-solving mechanisms in response to calls for innovation in Kalām.

 The eternity of Hells torment has been a subject of debate since the emergence of Islamic theology Kalām and has remained a relevant issue to this day. Naturally, this discussion, shaped by the authority of revelation, has manifested in various interpretations due to methodological differences. In the Islamic intellectual tradition, the predominant stance has been the acceptance of eternal punishment regarding the nature and perpetuity of Hells torment. However, despite being considered marginal compared to the prevailing consensus, there have been scholars who have argued against the eternity of punishment. While presenting the historical trajectory of this debate is crucial, understanding the intellectual background in which the problem of eternal punishment has been discussed is arguably of even greater significance. Thus, this issue should not be evaluated in isolation from its broader intellectual context. During the Neo-Kalām periodone of the most critical phases in the evolution of Islamic theologythe question of the eternity of Hells torment, which had been contested for centuries, once again became a focal point of discussion. In this study, we examine this issue through the perspectives of İzmirli İsmail Hakkı and Musa Cârullâh Bigiyef, who rejected the notion of eternal punishment, and Mustafa Sabri Efendi, who upheld it. While exploring the relationship between divine wisdom and the concept of Hells torment, we analyze how different approaches to explaining divine wisdom influence the acceptance or rejection of eternal punishment. Furthermore, we investigate the intellectual traditions and figures that shaped these scholars views within Islamic thought. This study aims not only to illuminate the solutions proposed by these three distinct scholars regarding a shared issue in the Neo-Kalām period but also to assess the extent to which classical theological thought engaged its problem-solving mechanisms in response to calls for innovation in Kalām.

 The eternity of Hells torment has been a subject of debate since the emergence of Islamic theology Kalām and has remained a relevant issue to this day. Naturally, this discussion, shaped by the authority of revelation, has manifested in various interpretations due to methodological differences. In the Islamic intellectual tradition, the predominant stance has been the acceptance of eternal punishment regarding the nature and perpetuity of Hells torment. However, despite being considered marginal compared to the prevailing consensus, there have been scholars who have argued against the eternity of punishment. While presenting the historical trajectory of this debate is crucial, understanding the intellectual background in which the problem of eternal punishment has been discussed is arguably of even greater significance. Thus, this issue should not be evaluated in isolation from its broader intellectual context. During the Neo-Kalām periodone of the most critical phases in the evolution of Islamic theologythe question of the eternity of Hells torment, which had been contested for centuries, once again became a focal point of discussion. In this study, we examine this issue through the perspectives of İzmirli İsmail Hakkı and Musa Cârullâh Bigiyef, who rejected the notion of eternal punishment, and Mustafa Sabri Efendi, who upheld it. While exploring the relationship between divine wisdom and the concept of Hells torment, we analyze how different approaches to explaining divine wisdom influence the acceptance or rejection of eternal punishment. Furthermore, we investigate the intellectual traditions and figures that shaped these scholars views within Islamic thought. This study aims not only to illuminate the solutions proposed by these three distinct scholars regarding a shared issue in the Neo-Kalām period but also to assess the extent to which classical theological thought engaged its problem-solving mechanisms in response to calls for innovation in Kalām.

 Cehennem azabının ebediliği kelâm ilimin doğuşuyla birlikte neşvü nema bulan ve günümüze dek aktüelliğini koruyan bir mesele olagelmiştir. Tabiatıyla vahyin kaynaklığı etrafında şekillenen bu mesele metodolojik farklılıklar gereği farklı yansımalara sahne olmuştur. Cehennem azabının ebedi olup olmadığı, azabın niteliği gibi hususlarda İslâm düşünce geleneğinde genel eğilimin ebedi azabın kabulü yönünde olduğu rahatlıkla söylenebilir. Buna mukabil genel kanaate göre marjinal kalsa da azabın ebediliğini inkâr cihetinde fikir beyan edenler de olmuştur. Meselenin tarihi serencamını sunmak oldukça mühim olsa da azabın ebediliği probleminin hangi fikri arka planda tartışıldığı hususu belki de ehemmiyet sıralamasında bir adım ileride olmalıdır. O sebeple meseleyi fikri arka plandan bağımsız bir surette değerlendirmemek gerekmektedir. Kelâm ilminin geçirdiği en önemli evrelerden birisi olan Yeni İlmi Kelâm döneminde asırlar boyunca üzerinde ihtilaf edilen meselelerden birisi olan Cehennem azabının ebediyeti konusu gündeme gelmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Bizler bu çalışmamızda meseleyi, tercihini ret yönünde kullanan İzmirli İsmail Hakkı ve Musa Cârullâh Bigiyef ile tercihini kabul yönünde kullanan Mustafa Sabri Efendi özelinde ele almaya gayret gösterdik. Cehennem azabı ile ilahi hikmet tanımlamaları arasında bağ kurmaya çalışırken, ilahi hikmeti izah etmede başvurulan bakış açısının azabın kabulü ya da reddine olan tesirini araştırdık. Beraberinde sözü geçen ilim adamlarının sahip oldukları kanaati şekillendirirken İslâm düşünce geleneği içerisinde hangi ekoller ve temsilcilerden beslendiklerini de tespit etmeye çalıştık. Çalışmamız birbirinden oldukça farklı üç ayrı simanın Yeni İlmi Kelâm döneminde ortak bir şekilde işledikleri bu konuda ne gibi çözüm önerileri ortaya koyabildiklerini gözler önüne sermenin yanında kelâmda yenilik çağrıları karşısında klasik düşüncenin çözüm becerilerinin ne düzeyde devreye sokulduğunu görebilme imkânını da sunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Makale detayları

The Eternity of Hell as an Issue of the Neo-Kalām Period (Case Studies of İzmirli İsmail Hakkı, Musa Jârullah Bigiyev and Mustafa Sabri Efendi)

Yazarlar:

Hakan Kutlu

Yayıncı:

Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

ADÜ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.111-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350821

pISSN:

3062-4371

Kalām

Neo-Kalām

Hell’s torment

eternity

divine wisdom.Kelâm

Yeni İlmi Kelâm

Cehennem azabı

ebedilik

hikmet.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hakan Kutlu

Yayıncı: Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Ana Başlıklar: Kelam

Dergi: ADÜ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.111-135

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350821

pISSN: 3062-4371

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hakan Kutlu

Yayıncı:

Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kelam

Dergi:

ADÜ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.111-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350821

pISSN:

3062-4371