Enhancing effect of bevacizumab in the classic bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin treatment applied in human testicular germ cell tumors

Deniz Koç; Murat Serkant Ünal

Makale detayları

Enhancing effect of bevacizumab in the classic bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin treatment applied in human testicular germ cell tumors

Yazarlar:

Deniz Koç | Murat Serkant Ünal

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Histoloji ve Embriyoloji

Dergi:

Cukurova Medical Journal Vol.50 Issue 3, pp.683-692

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357840

pISSN:

2602-3032

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF inhibitor, in combination with the standard Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin BEP regimen for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors TGCTs. The primary focus was to investigate its ability to enhance treatment efficacy while reducing cytotoxic side effects. Materials and Methods: The half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ of the BEP regimen was determined in the 1618-K human TGCT cell line and subsequently combined with varying concentrations of Bevacizumab. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Expression levels of VEGF, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Bevacizumab significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Bax expression in Group 2 2.05  1.04 was significantly lower than in the control group 8.63  2.57;. Caspase-3 expression in Group 2 0.49  0.08 was markedly decreased compared with the control 5.10  3.82, and a similar reduction was also observed in Group 3. Despite the absence of substantial changes in apoptotic markers, the reduction in cell viability suggests that Bevacizumab may act through alternative mechanisms. Conclusion: By targeting tumor vascularity, Bevacizumab may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the BEP regimen in TGCT treatment. These findings support the potential role of Bevacizumab as an adjunctive agent in TGCT therapy and highlight the need for further validation through in vivo studies.

 Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF inhibitor, in combination with the standard Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin BEP regimen for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors TGCTs. The primary focus was to investigate its ability to enhance treatment efficacy while reducing cytotoxic side effects. Materials and Methods: The half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ of the BEP regimen was determined in the 1618-K human TGCT cell line and subsequently combined with varying concentrations of Bevacizumab. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Expression levels of VEGF, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Bevacizumab significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Bax expression in Group 2 2.05  1.04 was significantly lower than in the control group 8.63  2.57;. Caspase-3 expression in Group 2 0.49  0.08 was markedly decreased compared with the control 5.10  3.82, and a similar reduction was also observed in Group 3. Despite the absence of substantial changes in apoptotic markers, the reduction in cell viability suggests that Bevacizumab may act through alternative mechanisms. Conclusion: By targeting tumor vascularity, Bevacizumab may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the BEP regimen in TGCT treatment. These findings support the potential role of Bevacizumab as an adjunctive agent in TGCT therapy and highlight the need for further validation through in vivo studies.

 Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF inhibitor, in combination with the standard Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin BEP regimen for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors TGCTs. The primary focus was to investigate its ability to enhance treatment efficacy while reducing cytotoxic side effects. Materials and Methods: The half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ of the BEP regimen was determined in the 1618-K human TGCT cell line and subsequently combined with varying concentrations of Bevacizumab. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Expression levels of VEGF, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Bevacizumab significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Bax expression in Group 2 2.05  1.04 was significantly lower than in the control group 8.63  2.57;. Caspase-3 expression in Group 2 0.49  0.08 was markedly decreased compared with the control 5.10  3.82, and a similar reduction was also observed in Group 3. Despite the absence of substantial changes in apoptotic markers, the reduction in cell viability suggests that Bevacizumab may act through alternative mechanisms. Conclusion: By targeting tumor vascularity, Bevacizumab may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the BEP regimen in TGCT treatment. These findings support the potential role of Bevacizumab as an adjunctive agent in TGCT therapy and highlight the need for further validation through in vivo studies.

 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, testiküler germ hücreli tümörlerin GCTT tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan Bleomisin, Etoposid ve Sisplatin BEP kombinasyon tedavisinin etkinliğini artırmak ve sitotoksik yan etkilerini azaltmak üzere vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü VEGF inhibitörü olan Bevacizumabın terapötik potansiyelini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 1618-K insan GCTT hücre hattında BEP tedavisinin yarı maksimal inhibitör konsantrasyonu IC₅₀ belirlendi. Bu doz, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki Bevacizumab ile birlikte uygulandı. Hücre canlılığı 3-4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-il-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür MTT testi ile değerlendirildi. VEGF, Bax, Bcl-2 ve Kaspaz-3ün ekspresyon düzeyleri immünohistokimya tekniği ile incelendi. Bulgular: Bevacizumab, doz bağımlı olarak hücre canlılığını anlamlı şekilde azaltmıştır. A Bax ekspresyonu Grup 2de 2,051,04 kontrol grubuna 8,632,57 göre anlamlı şekilde azalmıştır. Caspase-3 düzeyi Grup 2de 0,490,08 kontrol grubuna 5,103,82 göre anlamlı olarak azalmış, Grup 3te de benzer bir azalma görülmüştür. Apoptotik belirteçlerde anlamlı değişiklik olmamasına rağmen, hücre canlılığındaki azalma Bevacizumabın farklı mekanizmalarla etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Bevacizumabın tümör vaskülaritesini hedef alarak BEP tedavisinin etkinliğini artırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu bulgular, Bevacizumabın GCTT tedavisinde destekleyici bir ajan olarak kullanılma potansiyeline işaret etmekte ve in vivo çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

Enhancing effect of bevacizumab in the classic bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin treatment applied in human testicular germ cell tumors

Yazarlar:

Deniz Koç | Murat Serkant Ünal

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Histoloji ve Embriyoloji

Dergi:

Cukurova Medical Journal Vol.50 Issue 3, pp.683-692

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357840

pISSN:

2602-3032

testicular germ cell tumors

bevacizumab

VEGF

cell culture techniquestestiküler germ hücre tümörleri

bevacizumab

VEGF

hücre kültürü teknikleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Deniz Koç | Murat Serkant Ünal

Yayıncı: Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar: Histoloji ve Embriyoloji

Dergi: Cukurova Medical Journal Vol.50 Issue 3, pp.683-692

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001357840

pISSN: 2602-3032

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Deniz Koç | Murat Serkant Ünal

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Histoloji ve Embriyoloji

Dergi:

Cukurova Medical Journal Vol.50 Issue 3, pp.683-692

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357840

pISSN:

2602-3032