SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF PHYSICIANS IN THE SCOPE OF HEALTH TOURISM

Güven Yarar; Sezgin Karma

Makale detayları

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF PHYSICIANS IN THE SCOPE OF HEALTH TOURISM

Yazarlar:

Güven Yarar | Sezgin Karma

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tıbbi ve Sağlık Hukuku | Turizm Hukuku | Hukuk (Diğer) | Haksız Muamele Hukuku

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.499-528

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354634

pISSN:

2147-3854

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 As health tourism become more popular in Türkiye, it is likely that there will be an increase in legal disputes related to them. Due to the biological nature of humans, medical science is inherently risky and in some cases, a patient may be harmed as a result of the physicians intervention. If the patient is harmed because of the physicians intervention, they may seek the physicians liability on various grounds. While the legal process for disputes related to physicians liability without a foreign element is relatively simple. But if the dispute with a foreign element, the Conflict of Laws rules will be in effect. According to Conflict of Laws rules, the applicable law must be determined and the dispute should be resolved via that law. It is expected that there will be an increase in the number of disputes with a foreign element as more health tourists visit Türkiye for medical treatment. In this context, determining the applicable law in resolving health tourism related disputes has gained importance. This study has been limited in certain aspects. First, the physician addressed in this study is a self-employed physician. This is because the relationship between a self-employed physician and a patient is governed by a medical contract. In this study, the term health tourist refers to people who come to Türkiye for medical treatment on their own from abroad. Therefore, the scope of this study is limited to disputes in which the physician-patient relationship is established via a medical contract and includes a foreign element. So, disputes arising from health services obtained through package tour contracts are excluded. This is because a legal regulation has been enacted for package tour contracts.

 As health tourism become more popular in Türkiye, it is likely that there will be an increase in legal disputes related to them. Due to the biological nature of humans, medical science is inherently risky and in some cases, a patient may be harmed as a result of the physicians intervention. If the patient is harmed because of the physicians intervention, they may seek the physicians liability on various grounds. While the legal process for disputes related to physicians liability without a foreign element is relatively simple. But if the dispute with a foreign element, the Conflict of Laws rules will be in effect. According to Conflict of Laws rules, the applicable law must be determined and the dispute should be resolved via that law. It is expected that there will be an increase in the number of disputes with a foreign element as more health tourists visit Türkiye for medical treatment. In this context, determining the applicable law in resolving health tourism related disputes has gained importance. This study has been limited in certain aspects. First, the physician addressed in this study is a self-employed physician. This is because the relationship between a self-employed physician and a patient is governed by a medical contract. In this study, the term health tourist refers to people who come to Türkiye for medical treatment on their own from abroad. Therefore, the scope of this study is limited to disputes in which the physician-patient relationship is established via a medical contract and includes a foreign element. So, disputes arising from health services obtained through package tour contracts are excluded. This is because a legal regulation has been enacted for package tour contracts.

 As health tourism become more popular in Türkiye, it is likely that there will be an increase in legal disputes related to them. Due to the biological nature of humans, medical science is inherently risky and in some cases, a patient may be harmed as a result of the physicians intervention. If the patient is harmed because of the physicians intervention, they may seek the physicians liability on various grounds. While the legal process for disputes related to physicians liability without a foreign element is relatively simple. But if the dispute with a foreign element, the Conflict of Laws rules will be in effect. According to Conflict of Laws rules, the applicable law must be determined and the dispute should be resolved via that law. It is expected that there will be an increase in the number of disputes with a foreign element as more health tourists visit Türkiye for medical treatment. In this context, determining the applicable law in resolving health tourism related disputes has gained importance. This study has been limited in certain aspects. First, the physician addressed in this study is a self-employed physician. This is because the relationship between a self-employed physician and a patient is governed by a medical contract. In this study, the term health tourist refers to people who come to Türkiye for medical treatment on their own from abroad. Therefore, the scope of this study is limited to disputes in which the physician-patient relationship is established via a medical contract and includes a foreign element. So, disputes arising from health services obtained through package tour contracts are excluded. This is because a legal regulation has been enacted for package tour contracts.

 Türkiyede sağlık turizmi, önemli bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte sağlık turizmi faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan hukukî ihtilâfların sayısında da artış olması muhtemeldir. Zira tıp bilimi, insanın biyolojik yapısı gereği riskli bir alandır ve bazı durumlarda hasta, hekimin müdahalesi nedeniyle zarar görebilir. Hasta, hekimin müdahalesinden dolayı zarar gördüğünü iddia ediyorsa farklı sebeplere dayanarak hekimin sorumluluğuna başvurabilir. Hekimin sorumluluğunun incelendiği ve yabancılık unsuru içermeyen bir uyuşmazlıkta yürütülecek hukukî süreç görece basittir; zira uygulanacak hukuk Türk hukukudur. Ancak yabancılık unsuru içeren hukukî ilişkilerde kanunlar ihtilâfı kuralları devreye girecektir. Bu kurallara göre öncelikle olaya uygulanacak hukuk belirlenmeli, uyuşmazlık da belirlenen bu hukuka göre çözüme kavuşturulmalıdır. Yurt dışından tedavi görmek amacıyla Türkiyeyi ziyaret eden sağlık turistleriyle ilgili uyuşmazlıkların sayısında artış yaşanacağı da öngörülebilir. Sayısının artacağı öngörülen bu tür uyuşmazlıklar, hekimin hukukî sorumluluğunun hangi ülke hukukuna göre belirleneceği sorununu da gündeme getirecektir. Bu bağlamda sağlık turizmi faaliyetlerinden doğan bu tür uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde uygulanacak hukukun belirlenmesi de önem arz etmektedir. Farklı disiplinleri ilgilendiren konunun sınırlandırılması gerekmektedir. Bu çerçevede, öncelikle çalışmamızda ele alınan hekimin serbest çalışan bir hekim olduğu varsayımından hareket edilmiştir. Zira serbest çalışan hekim ile hasta arasındaki ilişki, temelde hekimlik sözleşmesinden doğmaktadır. Çalışmamıza konu edilen sağlık turisti ise yurt dışından Türkiyeye sağlık hizmeti almak amacıyla kendi çabalarıyla gelen kişidir. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızın kapsamına yalnızca, hasta-hekim ilişkisinin hekimlik sözleşmesi ile kurulduğu ve bu ilişkide yabancılık unsurunun mevcut olduğu uyuşmazlıklar dâhil edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla yurt dışından paket tur sözleşmesiyle sağlık hizmeti almaya gelinen uyuşmazlıklar kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır. Zira paket tur sözleşmeleriyle ilgili özel bir yasal düzenleme bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla çalışmamızın kapsamı belirlenirken hasta-hekim ilişkisinin ve aralarındaki sözleşmenin hukukî niteliği ile hukukî sorumluluğun dayanağı yönünden karışıklık yaşanmaması amaçlanmıştır.

Makale detayları

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF PHYSICIANS IN THE SCOPE OF HEALTH TOURISM

Yazarlar:

Güven Yarar | Sezgin Karma

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tıbbi ve Sağlık Hukuku | Turizm Hukuku | Hukuk (Diğer) | Haksız Muamele Hukuku

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.499-528

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354634

pISSN:

2147-3854

Health Tourism

Physician

Civil Liability

Conflict of Laws

MalpracticeSağlık Turizmi

Hekim

Hukukî Sorumluluk

Kanunlar İhtilafı

Malpraktis

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Güven Yarar | Sezgin Karma

Yayıncı: Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar: Tıbbi ve Sağlık Hukuku | Turizm Hukuku | Hukuk (Diğer) | Haksız Muamele Hukuku

Dergi: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.499-528

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001354634

pISSN: 2147-3854

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Güven Yarar | Sezgin Karma

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tıbbi ve Sağlık Hukuku | Turizm Hukuku | Hukuk (Diğer) | Haksız Muamele Hukuku

Dergi:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.499-528

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001354634

pISSN:

2147-3854